Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the content and effectiveness of psychosocial support interventions for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The following databases were searched with no limitation of the time period: Ovid-MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid-Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, NDSL, KoreaMed, RISS, and KISS. Two investigators independently reviewed and selected articles according to the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. ROB 2.0 and the RoBANS 2.0 checklist were used to evaluate study quality. Results: Based on the 14 selected studies, psychosocial support interventions were provided for the purpose of (1) informational support (including GDM and diabetes mellitus information; how to manage diet, exercise, stress, blood glucose, and weight; postpartum management; and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus); (2) self-management motivation (setting goals for diet and exercise management, glucose monitoring, and enhancing positive health behaviors); (3) relaxation (practicing breathing and/or meditation); and (4) emotional support (sharing opinions and support). Psychosocial supportive interventions to women with GDM lead to behavioral change, mostly in the form of self-care behavior; they also reduce depression, anxiety and stress, and have an impact on improving self-efficacy. These interventions contribute to lowering physiological parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels. Conclusion Psychosocial supportive interventions can indeed positively affect self-care behaviors, lifestyle changes, and physiological parameters in women with GDM. Nurses can play a pivotal role in integrative management and can streamline the care for women with GDM during pregnancy and following birth, especially through psychosocial support interventions.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the content and effectiveness of psychosocial support interventions for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The following databases were searched with no limitation of the time period: Ovid-MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid-Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, NDSL, KoreaMed, RISS, and KISS. Two investigators independently reviewed and selected articles according to the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. ROB 2.0 and the RoBANS 2.0 checklist were used to evaluate study quality. Results: Based on the 14 selected studies, psychosocial support interventions were provided for the purpose of (1) informational support (including GDM and diabetes mellitus information; how to manage diet, exercise, stress, blood glucose, and weight; postpartum management; and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus); (2) self-management motivation (setting goals for diet and exercise management, glucose monitoring, and enhancing positive health behaviors); (3) relaxation (practicing breathing and/or meditation); and (4) emotional support (sharing opinions and support). Psychosocial supportive interventions to women with GDM lead to behavioral change, mostly in the form of self-care behavior; they also reduce depression, anxiety and stress, and have an impact on improving self-efficacy. These interventions contribute to lowering physiological parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels. Conclusion Psychosocial supportive interventions can indeed positively affect self-care behaviors, lifestyle changes, and physiological parameters in women with GDM. Nurses can play a pivotal role in integrative management and can streamline the care for women with GDM during pregnancy and following birth, especially through psychosocial support interventions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review to investigate how infection control education has been designed, implemented and evaluated in undergraduate programs in nursing. Methods: This study was conducted base on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). To search studies related to infection control education programs, Ovid-EMBASE, CINAHL, Pubmed, KoreaMed, KMBASE and KISS were used. A total of 2,306 studies were identified, and 13 studies were selected for final analysis. Results: Ten studies out of 13 were designed as pre-post, no control group, quasi-experimental study designs. Nosocomial infection and standard precautions related infection control education were the most frequently selected topics and online was the most common teaching-learning method. The infection control education programs showed significant effect on knowledge and attitude. The mean difference of 7 studies for knowledge was 5.1 (95% CI: 2.36, 8.67, p<.001) and the mean difference of 4 studies for attitude was 3.34 (95% CI: 0.12, 6.55, p<.001). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that infection control education effectively improves the knowledge, attitude and compliance of nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more specific educational programs that can reflect the changes of the times and the demands of clinical nurses.

Objectives: This study compared the buckling resistance of 3 nickel-titanium (NiTi) retreatment file systems and the torque/force generated during retreatment. Materials and Methods: The buckling resistance was compared among the D-RaCe (DR2), HyFlex Remover, and Mtwo R25/05 retreatment systems. J-shaped canals within resin blocks were prepared with ProTaper NEXT X3 and obturated by the single-cone technique with AH Plus. After 4 weeks, 4 mm of gutta-percha in the coronal aspect was removed with GatesGlidden drills. Retreatment was then performed using DR1 (size 30, 10% taper) followed by DR2 (size 25, 4% taper), HyFlex Remover (size 30, 7% taper), or Mtrwo R25/05 (size 25, 5% taper) (15 specimens in each group). Further apical preparation was performed with WaveOne Gold Primary. The clockwise torque and upward force generated during retreatment were recorded. After retreatment, resin blocks were examined using stereomicroscopy, and the percentage of residual filling material in the canal area was calculated. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey test. Results: The HyFlex Remover files exhibited the greatest buckling resistance (p < 0.05), followed by the Mtwo R25/05. The HyFlex Remover and Mtwo R25/05 files generated the highest maximum clockwise torque and upward force, respectively (p < 0.05). The DR1 and DR2 files generated the least upward force and torque (p < 0.05). The percentage of residual filling material after retreatment was not significantly different between file systems (p > 0.05). Conclusions NiTi retreatment instruments with higher buckling resistance generated greater clockwise torque and upward force.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the association between public social expenditure (PSE) and suicides in the 27 countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) from 1980 to 2003. METHODS: The age-standardized suicide rates and their annual change (%) were obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007. As a measure of social protection, the PSE (% GDP) was used. The covariates included the annual divorce rate (/100,000 population), fertility rate (number of children/woman aged 15 to 49 years), GDP per capita (US$PPP), male unemployment rate (%), life expectancy (years) and alcohol consumption (liter/capita) for each country, which were all obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007 and the OECD Social Indicators 2006. Using hierarchical linear models that included these covariates, the effects of PSE on suicides (Model 1) and the annual percent change (Model 2) were examined (Model 3). Also, sub-sample analyses were done for six countries that experienced political/economic transition. RESULTS: We could not find significant effects of PSE on suicides (Model 1), but we observed significantly negative effects on the annual percent change for men and women (Model 2). Such findings were replicated in the sub-sample analysis, and moreover, the effect size was much larger (Model 3). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding suggests that social welfare protection can be a pivotal factor for suicide epidemiology, and especially in countries experiencing a social crisis or transition.
Developed Countries/*statistics & numerical data ; Health Expenditures/*statistics & numerical data ; Health Status ; Humans ; *Public Policy ; Social Welfare ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Suicide/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: Although emergency care is one of the most important capabilities for novice nurses, many novice nurses have shown difficulty in emergency care in the clinical field. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence data for the future development of educational programs by analyzing the priorities in emergency care of novice nurses using the Importance-Performance Analysis. METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive survey. The participants were 197 novice nurses who worked in general hospitals from August 1 to 31, 2018. The questionnaire consisted of ‘common emergency care’, ‘cardiovascular emergency care’, ‘nervous system emergency care’, ‘respiratory system emergency care’, ‘communication and teamwork competency’. RESULTS: As a result of this study, ‘communication and teamwork’ among emergency cares was evaluated as the most important capability in the clinical field. In the Importance-Performance Analysis, a total of 12 items were included in the quadrant A, including 5 items related to ‘cardiovascular emergency care’, 4 items to ‘respiratory system emergency care’, 2 items to ‘nervous system emergency care’ and 1 item to ‘common emergency care’. The results showed a need for intensive improvement in items included in quadrant A which are the high importance low performance items. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the emergency care of novice nurses, a variety of emergency care education programs on the nervous system and respiratory system care should be implemented as well as cardiovascular emergency care education.
Clinical Competence ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Nursing ; Hospitals, General ; Nervous System ; Respiratory System

Background: Uric acid (UA) has been suggested as a possible biomarker of bipolar disorder (BD) in recent studies. We aimed to provide a clearer comparison of UA levels between BD and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical chart records of psychiatric inpatients aged 19–60 years, whose main discharge diagnoses were either MDD or BD, with an admission between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 at Seoul National University Hospital. Data such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI), medication usage, and serum UA levels were extracted. Patients with medical conditions or on medications that could influence UA levels were excluded. Age, sex, BMI, and psychiatric drug usage were considered in the comparison of serum UA between MDD and BD patients. Results: Our sample consisted of 142 MDD patients and 234 BD patients. The BD patients had significantly higher serum UA levels compared to the MDD patients, without accounting for other confounding variables (5.75 ± 1.56 mg/dL vs. 5.29 ± 1.59 mg/dL, P = 0.006). T-test comparisons between psychiatric medication users and non-users revealed that mood stabilizers and antipsychotics may be relevant confounding factors in our sample analysis. The likelihood of BD diagnosis was significantly correlated with higher UA levels (odds ratio, 1.410; 95% confidence interval, 1.150–1.728; P = 0.001) when accounting for sex, age, and BMI in the logistic regression analysis. Also, accounting for mood stabilizers or antipsychotics, the likelihood of BD diagnosis was still significantly correlated with higher UA levels. Conclusion Our study confirms that BD patients are significantly more likely to show higher serum UA levels than MDD patients. The high UA levels in BD point to purinergic dysfunction as an underlying mechanism that distinguishes BD from MDD. Further research is recommended to determine whether UA is a trait or a state marker and whether UA correlates with the symptoms and severity of BD.

PURPOSE: Breast cancer has a high prevalence in Korea. To achieve personalized therapy for breast cancer, long-term follow-up specimens are needed for next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multigene analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are easier to store than fresh frozen (FF) samples. The objective of this study was to optimize RNA extraction from FFPE blocks for NGS. METHODS: RNA quality from FF and FFPE tissues (n=5), expected RNA amount per unit area, the relationship between archiving time and quantity/quality of FFPE-extracted RNA (n=14), differences in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and NGS results, and comparisons of both techniques with tissue processing at different institutions (n=96) were determined in this study. RESULTS: The quality of RNA did not show any statistically significant difference between paired FF and FFPE specimens (p=0.49). Analysis of tumor cellularity gave an expected RNA amount of 33.25 ng/mm2. Archiving time affected RNA quality, showing a negative correlation with RNA integrity number and a positive correlation with threshold cycle. However, RNA from samples as old as 10 years showed a 100% success rate in qRT-PCR using short primers, showing that the effect of archiving time can be overcome by proper experiment design. NGS showed a higher success rate than qRT-PCR. Specimens from institution B (n=46), which were often stored in a refrigerator for more than 6 hours and fixed without slicing, showed lower success rates and worse results than specimens from the other institutes. CONCLUSION: Archived FFPE tissues can be used to extract RNA for NGS if they are properly processed before fixation. The expected amount of RNA per unit size calculated in this study will be useful for other researchers.
Academies and Institutes ; Breast Neoplasms ; Estrogens ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA* ; Sequence Analysis

Anti-LGI1 (leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1) antibody encephalitis is one of autoimmune encephalitis. We report a 66-year-old man who presented with frequent, brief dystonic seizures which involve predominantly ipsilateral face and arm without cognitive impairment. Brain MRI showed normal finding. Serum and CSF tests revealed anti-LGI1 antibody. His symptom was not relieved by antiepileptic drugs, but completely controlled after immunotherapy. This case indicates that recognition of the brief, dystonic seizures should do tests for anti-LGI1 antibodies.
Aged ; Antibodies ; Anticonvulsants ; Arm ; Brain ; Encephalitis* ; Glioma ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Seizures*

Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric primary brain tumor. Ependymomas are categorized according to their locations and genetic abnormalities, and these two parameters are important prognostic factors for patient outcome. For supratentorial (ST) ependymomas, RELA fusion-positive ependymomas show a more aggressive behavior than YAP1 fusion-positive ependymomas. Extracranial metastases of intra-axial neuroepithelial tumors are extremely rare. In this paper, we report a case of aggressive anaplastic ependymoma arising in the right frontoparietal lobe, which had genetically 1q25 gain, CDKN2A homozygous deletion, and L1CAM overexpression. The patient was a 10-year-old boy who underwent four times of tumor removal and seven times of gamma knife surgery. Metastatic loci were scalp and temporalis muscle overlying primary operation site, lung, liver, buttock, bone, and mediastinal lymph nodes. He had the malignancy for 10 years and died. This tumor is a representative case of RELA fusion-positive ST ependymoma, showing aggressive behavior.
Brain Neoplasms ; Buttocks ; Child ; Ependymoma* ; Genetics ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 ; Scalp ; Supratentorial Neoplasms ; Transcription Factor RelA