No abstract available.
Autistic Disorder*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have focused on characteristics of adolescents who use internet addictively. Due to many ambiguities in the definitions of internet addiction, it is hard to find a tool for diagnosing internet addiction. In this study, we attempt to identify the temperamental characteristics of adolescents who have addictive internet using patterns by administering a newly developed internet addiction scale based on a psychometric technique and temperament and character inventory (TCI) based on Cloninger's psychobiological model. METHODS: Participants were 566 high school students. 478 students were recruited from high schools, and 88 were selected from internet cafes. We applied the internet addiction scale and TCI. All the students were divided into 3 groups (high risk user group, potential risk user group and normal user group) according to the results of the internet addiction scale. TCI scores were compared and analyzed according to the participants' characteristics. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the distribution of internet user group according to gender. Boys had higher percentage of high risk and potential risk users than girls. When each TCI score was compared according to gender, girls showed significantly higher harm avoidance, reward dependence, cooperativeness scale scores and lower persistence, self-transcendence scale scores than boys. TCI scores were compared among the internet addiction risk user groups. Risky internet users showed lower scores in reward dependence, self-directness and cooperativeness dimensions than normal internet users. CONCLUSION: There was a gender difference in internet addiction risk in this study. These results suggest that adolescents who use internet addictively also have higher tendency of problematic social and interpersonal relationship. These tendencies need to be considered as one of the important aspects of internet addiction. This study shows that assessment of temperament and character in adolescents who have problems related to the internet may be needed for understanding their addiction behaviors and underlying psychopathologies.
Adolescent* ; Female ; Humans ; Internet* ; Interpersonal Relations ; Psychometrics ; Reward ; Temperament*

Oseltamivir was developed for prophylactic and therapeutic use against influenza, specifically targeting the viral enzyme's highly-conserved active site. In recent years, there have been case reports of neuropsychiatric events during or after oseltamivir treatment, in Japan and other countries. However, a search of the literature revealed no such cases in South Korea. We present the case of a 15-year-old female adolescent diagnosed with depressive episode after taking oseltamivir. Oseltamivir is generally well tolerated. Its most frequent adverse effects include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In influenza patients taking oseltamivir, neuropsychiatric adverse events include delirium, behavioral disturbance, suicide, delusion, panic attack, convulsion, depressed mood, loss of consciousness, etc. Reportedly, such neuropsychiatric adverse events were more common in children than in adults and generally occurred within 48 hours of administration. Here, we report a retrospective review case of an oseltamivir-related neuropsychiatric event in a female adolescent in South Korea.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Catalytic Domain ; Child ; Delirium ; Delusions ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Japan ; Nausea ; Oseltamivir ; Panic Disorder ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Suicide ; Unconsciousness ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to examine the relationship between intelligence and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children (6-13 years old) diagnosed as having a brain tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We administered a Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, version 4.0 (PedsQL), the Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, and the Korean Version of the Parenting Sense of Competence (K-PSOC) scale before or after initial radiotherapy (T1) and after treatment termination (T2). In total, 13 patients completed both the T1 and T2 interviews. RESULTS: Scores significantly declined between T1 and T2 on the full-scale intelligence quotients (FIQ), verbal intelligence quotients (VIQ), performance intelligence quotients (PIQ), similarity and coding tests, as well as the K-PSOC, which measures parental anxiety. FIQ scores at T1 were correlated with the self-reported PedsQL total scores (r=0.739) and the parent proxy-report PedsQL scores for school functioning (r=0.706) at T2. Also, the FIQ scores at T2 were correlated with the self-reported PedsQL total scores (r=0.748) and scores for physical health (r=0.728) at T2. CONCLUSION: The cognitive ability and intelligence level of the patients significantly declined between on and off treatment periods, and higher intelligence functioning at both on and off treatment was correlated with long-term higher HRQOL. Further investigations that monitor intelligence, HRQOL and parenting stress over a longer period, using a greater number of participants, are needed.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Brain Neoplasms/complications/physiopathology/*psychology ; Child ; *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Parenting ; Parents/psychology ; Prospective Studies ; *Quality of Life ; Stress, Psychological/*diagnosis ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the clinical differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS: Participants were 49 children and adolescents with ages between 6 and 18 years. These subjects were placed into 2 groups: ADHD without DCD (24) and ADHD with DCD (25). We used several evaluation tools on both groups: the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version- Korean Version (K-SADS-PL), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-IIII), Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children (K-PRC), and Bruininks-Osretsky Test of Motor (BOT-2). RESULTS: Patients with both ADHD and DCD had a lower performance intelligence quotient and more internal and external behavioral symptoms than patients with ADHD but not DCD. It is possible that patients with ADHD and motor coordination problems should be noticed earlier and given intensive treatment.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Behavioral Symptoms ; Benzidines ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Mood Disorders ; Motor Skills Disorders

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the clinical differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS: Participants were 49 children and adolescents with ages between 6 and 18 years. These subjects were placed into 2 groups: ADHD without DCD (24) and ADHD with DCD (25). We used several evaluation tools on both groups: the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version- Korean Version (K-SADS-PL), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-IIII), Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children (K-PRC), and Bruininks-Osretsky Test of Motor (BOT-2). RESULTS: Patients with both ADHD and DCD had a lower performance intelligence quotient and more internal and external behavioral symptoms than patients with ADHD but not DCD. It is possible that patients with ADHD and motor coordination problems should be noticed earlier and given intensive treatment.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Behavioral Symptoms ; Benzidines ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Mood Disorders ; Motor Skills Disorders

Background: Excessive media use is known to be associated with executive dysfunction in children, but it’s unclear whether this exposure can lead to long-term changes of executive function. This study aimed to investigate the association between media exposure and longitudinal changes in executive function within a population-based study, while considering the potential influence of intelligence. Methods: This study used data from 1,209 participants in the Panel Korea Study for Children.The children’s media exposure was measured at ages 7 and 8, and executive function was evaluated annually from ages 7 to 10 using the Executive Function Difficulty Screening Questionnaire. Participants were grouped by media exposure level (low, medium, or high), and longitudinal changes in executive function were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate how executive function changes varied based on intelligence within each media exposure group. Results: Children with high media exposure (n = 97) had severer executive function difficulties than those with low (n = 141) or medium (n = 971) exposure in all waves. The high exposure group demonstrated persistent higher executive function difficulties up to age 10 after controlling for child gender, intelligence, parental education level and maternal depression. Children with intelligence quotient (IQ) ≤ 100 in the medium to high media exposure group had significantly more severe executive function difficulties than those with IQ > 100. Conclusion This study provided evidence of a longitudinal negative association between media exposure and executive function. The findings suggest that excessive media exposure may lead to long-term changes in executive function in children and highlight the importance of implementing targeted interventions and educational strategies to mitigate the potential negative effects of excessive media use, particularly for children with lower cognitive abilities.

This study's aim was to investigate whether the incidence of neutropenia was higher in subjects who received a combination pharmacotherapy with valproate (VPA), antipsychotics (APs), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication than in those administered only VPA and APs combination pharmacotherapy. We conducted this study through retrospective review of medical records. We collected the records of 231 children admitted to the National Center for Mental Health. The incidence of neutropenia was significantly higher in the VPA–APs–ADHD combination group than in the other groups (55.2% vs. 25% vs. 12%, VPA + AP + ADHD vs. VPA + AP vs. AP). The presence of the combination of VPA, APs, and ADHD medication was a powerful predictor of neutropenia occurrence after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index (odds ratio, 6.43; 95% confidence interval, 2.26–18.26; P < 0.001) The combination of VPA, APs, and ADHD medication in children with psychiatric disease appears to increase the incidence of drug-induced neutropenia.

Objective: Adolescent gambling is rapidly increasing recently. However, little is known about the core feature of adolescent gambling that should be the treatment target for adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the core symptom of adolescent gambling using network analysis with large-scale data targeting community indwelling adolescents. Methods: We used dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems to explore symptom networks of gambling in adolescents. Of 17,520 respondents in the dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems, 5,619 adolescents with experience of gambling were included in the analysis. We computed an association network, a graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and a directed acyclic graph to model symptom interactions. Results: In each network of online, offline, and all gambling, stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts was the most centrally situated and skipping practice followed by dropping out of activities. Especially strong connections emerged between stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts and academic performance degradation due to gambling. Feeling bad due to gamble and skipping hanging out with friends who do not gamble emerged as a highly central node that might be distinctive to adolescents with online gambling. Conclusion These findings demonstrate central features of adolescent gambling. Different associations among specific network nodes suggest the existence of distinctive psychopathological constructs between online and offline gambling.