No abstract available.
Lithotripsy* ; Shock*

Tibial Plateau fracture is relatively common injury which often produce major disability, and their treatment has been in controversy. Recent studies suggest that early knee motion and perhaps better surgical techniques have improved clinical end results. Protection from weight bearing and length of immobilization have varied among authors and variable treatment methods. Thirty-eight tibial plateau fractures treated at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital from March in 1984 to December in 1988 were analized and the followings were obtained. l. Of 38 patients, 29 patients were male and 9 female. 2. The most common associated injury was an ipsilateral fibular fracture. 3. Average duration of immobilization was 4 to 6 weeks in conservative treatment and 2 to 4 weeks in operative treatment. 4. We started partial weight bearing in 24 patients within 6 weeks and full weight bearing in 28 patients between 8 and 12 weeks, and good end results were obtained.
Clinical Study ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Knee ; Male ; Weight-Bearing

For measurement of the degree of osteoporosis, various methods have been used. The Saville's index of the lumbar spine is very simple method. With the object of studying the reliability and clinical usefulness of Saville's index, authors compared the Saville's index with anteroposterior(A.P.) and lateral Dual x-ray absorptiometry, and the Singh's index with the anteroposterior D.X.A. We took the D.X.A. and simple lumbar spine lateral view in 124 patients in same time and also performed D.X.A. and both hips anteroposterior views in 112 patients, then analyzed the correlation between the A.P. and lateral D.X.A., Saville's index and D.X.A., Singh's index and D.X.A. The results were as follows. 1. The correlation coefficient of the A.P. and lateral D.X.A. was 0.46 and appeared the low degree of correlation. 2. The correlation coefficient of the A.P. and lateral D.X.A. compared with Saville's index were 0.68 and 0.83, respectively. Saville's index appeared the higher correlation in lateral D.X.A. than A.P. D.X.A. 3. The correlation coefficient of Singh's index and D.X.A. was 0.84, appeared nearly the same results of Saville's index with lateral D.X.A. 4. Intrapersonal differences were 36% in Saville's index, 28% in Singh's index. Saville's index appeared higher intrapersonal error than Singh's index. The lateral D.X.A. is more accurate and precise method than A.P. D.X.A. because lateral D.X.A. reduces the influence of soft tissue calcification and degenerative changes of spine. As Saville's index is a grading method based on lateral view of lumbar spine, we think that it should be compared with the lateral D.X.A. Regarding this results, authors suggest that Saville's index is not any accurate measurement of bone quantity, but has clinical usefulness for evaluation of osteroporosis.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Hip ; Humans ; Methods ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

The Duodenal diverticulum is the rare cause of the common bile duct obstruction. We experienced a case of the diverticulum of the second portion of duodenum in a 59-year-old male, who complained recurrent attacks of right upper abdominal pain and fever since 16 months prior to admission. Duodenoscopic finding and UGI study revealed a typical duodenal diverticulum just side to the papilla of Vater. Diverticulectomy and cholecystectomy was performed and after than, he has been free front above mentioned symptoms. We reported a case of duodenal diverticulum which caused recurrent common bile duct obstruction.
Abdominal Pain ; Cholecystectomy ; Common Bile Duct* ; Diverticulum* ; Duodenum ; Fever ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Thirty-two consecutive patients with spondylolisthesis associated with displacement in varying degrees were operated by the Steffee procedure. Slippings more than Meyerding Grade III were reduced by modified Schollner technique:destabilization of the slipped segement, local distraction with spinal elevator and completion of reduction with a cork screw force pulling backward. Autogenous bone and Pyrost were added to get solid fusion. The authors reviewed thrity-two cases of symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis which were operated since March in 1987 at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University and the followings were obtained. 1. There were 17 males and 15 females, and the age of the patients was 44.2 years in average ranging from 19 to 66 years. 2. The types of spondylolisthesis were isthmic defect at 19 levels in 18 cases and degenerative in 14 cases. The level of the lesion was L5-Sl in 17 cases, L4-5 in 15 cases and L2-3 in 1 cases. 3. The clinical symptoms were low back pain, radiating pain, intermittent claudication, and motorsensory deficit in order of incidence. 4. Preoperatively, the degree of slinpping was Meyerding Grade I in 18, Grade III in 12 and Grade Ill in 3 cases. The slipping was reduced to nearly anatomic position in 13 cases and Grade I in 20 cases. The average slipping measured by Taillard method was changed from 23.4% preoperatively to 5% postoperatively. 5. Clinically, the results were judged as excellent in 13(13%) cases, good in 16(50%) cases and fair in 3(9%) cases according to Kim's criteria. 6. Postoperative complications were leg pain in 3 cases and "stress transfer" in 1 cases.
Elevators and Escalators ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intermittent Claudication ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Methods ; Pedicle Screws ; Postoperative Complications ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis

Fractures of the shaft of the radius and ulna occur commonly in children and are usually treated by closed reduction and plaster cast immobilization. Anatomic reduction is seldom necessary because of the remodelling potential in the child under 10 years of age, whereas the bones of children older than 10 years of age have less capacity to remodel and the diaphyseal fracture is unstable. In case of either unacceptable reduction or unstable fractures in adolescent patients, an operative treatment is required. In five children older than 12 years of age for whom conservative treatment had hailed, we treated a closed intramedullary nailing using a distal radial and proximal ulnar approach, and followed up for 1 year or more. All fractures healed within 6 weeks. No nonunion, cross-union or refrature occured. Another advantages of this method are negliable cosmestic defect and easy removal of the internal fixation device under local anesthesia. We think that closed intramedullary nailing with rush pin is a safe and reliable method to treat unstable forearm fracture in children older than 12 years of age.
Adolescent ; Anesthesia, Local ; Casts, Surgical ; Child ; Forearm ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Internal Fixators ; Methods ; Radius ; Ulna

We reviewed 14 children with unilateral fractures of femoral shaft who had an angular deformity after union of 10° to 25°. At an average follow-up of 32 months(15 to 65), we measured remodelling of the proximal physis, the distal physis and the femoral shaft. The average correction was 83% of the initial deformity and there was no relation between the remodelling rate and degrees of malunion. Of the correction of angulation, only 27% had occurred at the fracture site and 73% at physis. The ability of physis to remodel better than that of fracture site. In children under 13 years of age, malunion as much as 25° in flexion deformity will remodel enough to get normal alignment of the joint surfaces.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

Background:Eutropin is a recombinant human growth hormone preparation and has been used in patients with growth hormone deficiency. Short stature is a characteristic feature of Turner syndrome, which is caused by sexual chromosomal anomalies. Growth hormone therapy would increase growth velocity and increase the ultimate final height in patients with Turner syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects and safety in patients with Turner syndrome with Eutropin treatment. Subjects and METHODS:60 patients with Turner syndrome,who were diagnosed by chromosome study,were treated with Eutropin 1IU/kg/week for 12 months and followed up every 3 month. The height and weight were evaluate at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months. A complete blood count, ESR, urinary analysis and chemistry studies were done every 3 month. IGF- I , T4, TSH & anti-GH antibody were measured at 6 months and 12 months. Chest X-ray was checked at 0, 6 ,12 months. RESULTS:60 patients were enrolled but 10 patients were lost or treated irregularly and excluded in the study of growth effect. but included all cases in safety analysis. At the onset of Eutropin therapy,their mean age was 10.8+/-2.9 years old(range 4.2- 14.9yr)and the height was 121.1+/-13.7cm(-3.1+/-0.9 SDS) and yearly growth velociy was 3.4+/-1.5cm. Their weight was 30.5+/-10.6kg and bone age 9.1+/-3.0 yrs. After Eutropin treatment, mean height was increased to 123.2+/-13.5cm at 3 months, 125.2+/-13.1cm at 6 months, 127.5+/-12.4cm at 9 months, 128.3+/-12.8cm at 12 months. Height velocity were increased to 8.3+/-3.1cm at 3 months, 8.1+/-2.6cm at 6 months, 7.6+/-1.9cm at 9 months and 7.1+/-1.9cm at 12 months(P<0.001). Height SDS at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months were -3.1+/-0.9, -2.9+/-1.0, -2.7+/-0.9, -2.7+/-0.9 respectively(P>0.001).Their bone age were 9.1+/-3.0yr, 9.6+/-2.9yr, 10.2+/-2.7yr before and 6 & 12 months after treatment respectively. HA/BA were 0.84+/-0.15, 0.87+/-0.13, 0.88+/-0.12 at before and 6 & 12 months after treatment respectively(P<0.05). Growth velocity of 4-8 yrs group was most prominent compared to other groups. Serum IGF- I concentration was increased from 167.4+/-85.8ng/ml to 368.4+/-158.1ng/ml at 6 months and 423.2+/-181.0ng/ml at 12 month(P<0.001) after treatment. No significant changes were observed in thyroid function, CBC, ESR, Blood chemistry and urinalysis. Anti-hGH antibody were positive in 2 patients, but these didnot attenualte the growth velocity. CONCLUSION: Treatment with Eutropin increased significantly height velocity in patients with Turner syndrome. No specific adverse events were observed during Eutropin therapy.
Blood Cell Count ; Chemistry ; Growth Hormone ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans* ; Thorax ; Thyroid Gland ; Turner Syndrome* ; Urinalysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among hesitation factor of questions, critical thinking disposition, and problem solving. METHODS: Data were collected from 370 students at a university in D city using a structured questionnaire from April 1 to April 15, 2015. It was analyzed with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. RESULTS: Subjects scored an average of 2.62+/-.52 for hesitation factor of questions, 3.53+/-0.42 for critical thinking disposition, and 3.44+/-0.44 for problem solving. There were significant differences in the three variables according to satisfaction with major, self-expression, and interpersonal relationships. In addition, hesitation factor of questions exhibited a significant difference between genders. Hesitation factor of questions had a negative relationship with critical thinking disposition (r=-.23, p<.001) and with problem solving (r=-.34, p<.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between critical thinking disposition and problem solving (r=.69, p<.001). CONCLUSION: In order to improve critical thinking disposition and problem solving, we need to generate a lot of questions to the student's inside. We also need to develop appropriate teaching methods so that this can be expressed by the actual question coming from the control hesitation factor of questions.
Humans ; Learning ; Problem Solving* ; Teaching ; Thinking*