Ectopic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births. Intrathoracic kidney is the rarest type of the ectopic kidney, which constitutes < 5% of all ectopic kidney cases. It is often associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which can cause severe respiratory distress. However, most patients with intrathoracic kidney are asymptomatic, and incidentally diagnosed with prenatal ultrasonography or chest radiography after birth as intrathoracic mass-like lesion. In this study, we report a case of an asymptomatic neonate with intrathoracic kidney. An intrathoracic mass was detected in plain chest radiography of a 17-day-old boy, and it was identified as the right kidney in the thoracic cavity by computed tomography and ultrasonography.Correction of the ectopic kidney and repair of diaphragmatic hernia were successful at the age of 52 days. After the operation, the right kidney was normally detected in the right renal fossa, and there was no recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the only reported case of intrathoracic kidney at the neonatal period, in South Korea. Careful review of chest radiography at the neonatal period and clinical suspicion of rare diseases like herniation of intraabdominal organ are needed.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

The use of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has yielded successful outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood, particularly in correcting transverse maxillary discrepancies and enhancing airway expansion. This report presents three cases of children at different dentition stages treated with MARPE. In one patient with severe crowding, MARPE enabled dental alignment without the need for premolar extractions. Additionally, MARPE combined with facemask therapy improved the patient’s facial profile, resulting in high patient and guardian satisfaction. These cases highlight MARPE’s potential as an effective treatment for maxillary discrepancies and severe arch length discrepancies in children.

Ectopic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births. Intrathoracic kidney is the rarest type of the ectopic kidney, which constitutes < 5% of all ectopic kidney cases. It is often associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which can cause severe respiratory distress. However, most patients with intrathoracic kidney are asymptomatic, and incidentally diagnosed with prenatal ultrasonography or chest radiography after birth as intrathoracic mass-like lesion. In this study, we report a case of an asymptomatic neonate with intrathoracic kidney. An intrathoracic mass was detected in plain chest radiography of a 17-day-old boy, and it was identified as the right kidney in the thoracic cavity by computed tomography and ultrasonography.Correction of the ectopic kidney and repair of diaphragmatic hernia were successful at the age of 52 days. After the operation, the right kidney was normally detected in the right renal fossa, and there was no recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the only reported case of intrathoracic kidney at the neonatal period, in South Korea. Careful review of chest radiography at the neonatal period and clinical suspicion of rare diseases like herniation of intraabdominal organ are needed.

Ectopic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births. Intrathoracic kidney is the rarest type of the ectopic kidney, which constitutes < 5% of all ectopic kidney cases. It is often associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which can cause severe respiratory distress. However, most patients with intrathoracic kidney are asymptomatic, and incidentally diagnosed with prenatal ultrasonography or chest radiography after birth as intrathoracic mass-like lesion. In this study, we report a case of an asymptomatic neonate with intrathoracic kidney. An intrathoracic mass was detected in plain chest radiography of a 17-day-old boy, and it was identified as the right kidney in the thoracic cavity by computed tomography and ultrasonography.Correction of the ectopic kidney and repair of diaphragmatic hernia were successful at the age of 52 days. After the operation, the right kidney was normally detected in the right renal fossa, and there was no recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the only reported case of intrathoracic kidney at the neonatal period, in South Korea. Careful review of chest radiography at the neonatal period and clinical suspicion of rare diseases like herniation of intraabdominal organ are needed.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

The use of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has yielded successful outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood, particularly in correcting transverse maxillary discrepancies and enhancing airway expansion. This report presents three cases of children at different dentition stages treated with MARPE. In one patient with severe crowding, MARPE enabled dental alignment without the need for premolar extractions. Additionally, MARPE combined with facemask therapy improved the patient’s facial profile, resulting in high patient and guardian satisfaction. These cases highlight MARPE’s potential as an effective treatment for maxillary discrepancies and severe arch length discrepancies in children.

Ectopic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births. Intrathoracic kidney is the rarest type of the ectopic kidney, which constitutes < 5% of all ectopic kidney cases. It is often associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which can cause severe respiratory distress. However, most patients with intrathoracic kidney are asymptomatic, and incidentally diagnosed with prenatal ultrasonography or chest radiography after birth as intrathoracic mass-like lesion. In this study, we report a case of an asymptomatic neonate with intrathoracic kidney. An intrathoracic mass was detected in plain chest radiography of a 17-day-old boy, and it was identified as the right kidney in the thoracic cavity by computed tomography and ultrasonography.Correction of the ectopic kidney and repair of diaphragmatic hernia were successful at the age of 52 days. After the operation, the right kidney was normally detected in the right renal fossa, and there was no recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the only reported case of intrathoracic kidney at the neonatal period, in South Korea. Careful review of chest radiography at the neonatal period and clinical suspicion of rare diseases like herniation of intraabdominal organ are needed.

Ectopic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births. Intrathoracic kidney is the rarest type of the ectopic kidney, which constitutes < 5% of all ectopic kidney cases. It is often associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which can cause severe respiratory distress. However, most patients with intrathoracic kidney are asymptomatic, and incidentally diagnosed with prenatal ultrasonography or chest radiography after birth as intrathoracic mass-like lesion. In this study, we report a case of an asymptomatic neonate with intrathoracic kidney. An intrathoracic mass was detected in plain chest radiography of a 17-day-old boy, and it was identified as the right kidney in the thoracic cavity by computed tomography and ultrasonography.Correction of the ectopic kidney and repair of diaphragmatic hernia were successful at the age of 52 days. After the operation, the right kidney was normally detected in the right renal fossa, and there was no recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the only reported case of intrathoracic kidney at the neonatal period, in South Korea. Careful review of chest radiography at the neonatal period and clinical suspicion of rare diseases like herniation of intraabdominal organ are needed.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.