No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Acromioclavicular (AC) stability is maintained through a complex combination of soft-tissue restraints that include coracoclavicular (CC), AC ligament and overlying muscles. Among these structures, the role of the CC ligament has continued to be studied because of its importance on shoulder kinematics, especially after AC injury. This study was designed to determine the geometric change of conoid and trapezoid ligaments and resulting stresses on these ligaments according to various scapular motions. METHODS: The scapuloclavicular (SC) complex was isolated from a fresh-frozen cadaver by removing all soft tissues except the AC and CC ligaments. The anatomically aligned SC complex was then scanned with a high-resolution computed tomography scanner into 0.6-mm slices. The Finite element model of the SC complex was obtained and used for calculating the stress on different parts of the CC ligaments with simulated movements of the scapula. RESULTS: Average stress on the conoid ligament during anterior tilt, internal rotation, and scapular protraction was higher, whereas the stress on the trapezoid ligament was more prominent during posterior tilt, external rotation, and retraction. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that CC ligament plays an integral role in regulating horizontal SC motion as well as complex motions indicated by increased stress over the ligament with an incremental scapular position change. The conoid ligament is the key structure restraining scapular protraction that might occur in high-grade AC dislocation. Hence in CC ligament reconstructions involving only single bundle, every attempt must be made to reconstruct conoid part of CC ligament as anatomically as possible.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver* ; Dislocations ; Ligaments* ; Muscles ; Scapula ; Shoulder

This review-article is aimed at shedding a light upon the nature of age-associated changes in the human skeletal system. When the anatomical, physiological and biochemical consequences of bone aging are considered together with the hardening, drying and the diminished repair capabilities of the elderly, it can be seen that fractures assume greater importance as a clinical problem in the geriatric population. Older people start out with a deficit of cortical bone, making them more fracture prone and once fractures occur, the necessary treatments (immobilization, use of casts, etc.) accelerate the rate of bone loss. In addition, aged individuals stand a higher risk for complications of the hospital and enforced bed rest that may ensue. The problems resulting from bone loss in the elderly may be partially alleviated by providing adequate health service support which should include consideration of the following points : 1. Age, sex and general health status ; 2. Habits and inclinations towards physical activities ; 3. Nutritional and endocrine background ; 4. Presence of any specific bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia and ankylosis ; 5. Psychosocial adaptability and other behavioral elements.
Aged ; Aging ; Ankylosis ; Bed Rest ; Biology* ; Bone Diseases ; Health Services ; Humans* ; Motor Activity ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteomalacia ; Osteoporosis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of body composition, eating habits and dietary intake in three Sasang constitutions. This survey was carried out using anthropometry, a questionnaire about eating habits, and 24-hour recall of dietary intake on 45 male and 29 female students of the fifth grade at C elementary school. The results are summarized as follows: A total of 44.6% of the subjects were Taeumin, 35.1% were Soyangin, and 20.3% were Soeumin. The average weight, WHR, Triceps, Rhrer index and BMI in the Taeumin group were significantly higher than those of the Soeumin and Soyangin groups. The body fat mass (kg) and abdominal fat (%) in the Taeumin group were significantly higher than those of the Soeumin and Soyangin groups. The soft body mass (%) in the Soeumin group was significantly higher than that of the Soeumi and Soyangin groups. The Taeumin's energy expenditure in physical activities was little high than that of the Soyangin and Soeumin groups, but the Soyangin's energy expenditure in physical activities per weight was a little higher than that of the Taeumin and Soeumin groups. The calorie and most of the nutrient intake were lower than those of Korean RDA. In the case of males, most nutrient intake, except for fiber, carotene and vitamin C were high in the Taeumin. For females, most nutrient intake, except for calcium and retinol were significantly higher in the Taeumin group. Conclusively, anthropometry characteristics, body composition, energy expenditure in physical activities, eating habits and dietary intake are different among the three Sasang constitutions. This study suggests the possibility of using Sasang consitutions as a basis for providing nutritional education and health guidelines.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipose Tissue ; Anthropometry ; Ascorbic Acid ; Body Composition* ; Calcium ; Carotenoids ; Child* ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Eating* ; Education ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Vitamin A ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Gangwon-do* ; Humans

There has been no adequate diagnostic method for the diagnosis of intrascrotal lesions until recent days. Butafter the development of radionuclide testicular scan, early and relatively accurate diagnosis of the testicularlesions are possible. So the authors analyzed the 32 cases of patients who were examined by testicular scan andconfirmed by follow up study or operation, and the results are as follows; 1. These 32 cases consists of 13 casesod epididymitis, 7 cases of testicular torsion, 4 of cryptorchism, 2 of testicular tumor and etc. The over alldiagnostic accuracy is about 69%. 2. In epididymitis, the diagnostic accuracy is 85%(11/13) and the findings ofscan are increased perfusion in radionuclide angiogram and hot activity noted mainly in peripheral portion of thetesticle in static image. 3. In cases o testicular torsion, diagnostic accuracy is 86%(6/7). Acute torsion showsnormal perfusion in angiogram and round cold area instatic image. But in missed torsion, perfusion is increasedand round cold area wit surrounding hyperemia is noted in static image. Radionuclide testicular scan seems to benoninvasive, inexpensive, easily available and simple to perform with low gonadal radiation dose. So it can bevery useful as the first study in patients with acute testicular symptoms.
Cryptorchidism ; Diagnosis ; Epididymitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Male ; Methods ; Perfusion ; Spermatic Cord Torsion

We developed a dietary supplement using natural herbs and nutrients for the growth and exercise performance improvement. It called 50-22 supplement containing distilled extracts of natural herbs to remove bitterness and the addition of Vitamin B1, B6, Ca and xylitol. We investigated on the effect of 10-22 supplementation on the maximal exercise performance, IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1) concentration and antioxidant activity in SD rat model. In result, JR-22 supplement group was better than control group about 10% in exercise performance test and increased about 63% of IGF-1 concentration in blood. In addition, the oxidative damage induced by exercise was reduced by JR-22 supplementation. Therefore, we suggested that 50-22 supplementation enhanced effectively exercise performance and IGF-1 concentration and reduced to oxidative stress in muscles. Also, we analysed biochemical factors in blood for the safety of JR-22 supplement. We known that there is no change of blood lactic acid, ammonia, inorganic phosphorous ion and creatine kinase activity.
Ammonia ; Creatine Kinase ; Dietary Supplements* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Lactic Acid ; Models, Animal ; Muscles ; Oxidative Stress ; Thiamine ; Xylitol

The present study was performed to observe the time course of behavioral signs of painful sensations in sciatic neurectomy animal model and to test the effects of sympathectomy and saphenous nerve section on these behavioral signs. Sciatic nerve was ligated and cut at the mid-thigh level under gaseous anesthesia. The application of von Frey filaments to the medial plantar surface of foot revealed weak and long-lasting mechanical allodynia (until end of test period, 20 weeks PO). Acetone application to the plantar surface of foot was used ti measure the sensitivity to cold stimulation. Cold allodynia which is interpreted as increased response to acetone application developed fairly well and lasted the end of test period (20 weeks PO). The cumulative duration of foot lifts off neutral or cold plate was used to test spontaneous, ongoing pain and was increased until 16 weeks PO and 20 weeks PO respectively. These results suggest that sciatic neurectomy which has been widely used as chronic pain model shows behavioral signs suggsting painful sensations except autotomy, which has been used as index of pain in experimental animal. Surgical sympathectomy performed 1 week after sciatic neurectomy partially reduced the behavioral signs of mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia, suggesting behavioral changes developed following section of sciatic nerve was partially sympathetic dependent. Saphenous nerve section 1 week after sciatic neurectomy almost completely reduced mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia, but did not change spontaneous, ongoing pain. These results suggest that evoked responses such as mechanical and cold allodynia are mediated by saphenous nerve activity and activating and/or maintaining mechanisms of spontanous, ongoing pain and evoked pain may be different.
Acetone ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Chronic Pain ; Cold Temperature ; Foot ; Hyperalgesia ; Models, Animal ; Neuralgia ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve ; Sensation ; Sympathectomy

Since Brown first described the eosinophilic cystitis in 1959, 42 cases has been reported in the literature. In Korea, only 1 case was reported from the National Medical Center a couple of years ago. Eosinophilic cystitis is characterized histologically by infiltration of eosinophils into the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis of the bladder and cystoscopically by elevated erythematous mucosal lesions. These lesions have been mistakenly diagnosed as bladder tumors prior to biopsy. Clinically, it presents with dramatic and recurrent episodes of dysuria and hematuria. It can occur in two different clinical setups. The first is seen in women and children and is often associated with allergic disorders and eosinophilia. The second presents in older man and is usually associated with bladder injury related to other conditions of bladder and prostate. We herein add two cases of eosinophilic cystitis, review etiologic theories and outline management.
Biopsy ; Child ; Cystitis* ; Dysuria ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Korea ; Mucous Membrane ; Prostate ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Anterograde and retrograde conduction properties of dual AV nodal pathways were analyzed in 15 patients having no accessory pathway and showing dual AV nodal pathways during extrastimulation. Four patients in whom the supraventricular tachycardia of common type (common type SVT) was induced during electrophysiological study were classified into group A. The remained 11 patients in whom the common type SVT was not induced were classified into group B. There was a history of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT) in all of group A but none of group B. Among the properties of dual AV nodal pathways, effective refractory period (ERP) of anterograde fast pathway (FP) and retrograde FP were not different in both group. Maximal AH interval of anterograde slow pathway (SP) was significantly shorter in group A than in group B (P<0.01). In group A, all patients had intact ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction, but in group B, 5 patients had no VA conduction. The paced atrial cycle length producing Wenckebach block (WBCL) and the paced ventricular cycle length producing retrograde VA block (VABCL) were significantly shorter in group A the in group B (p<0.05). There were two patients showing retrograde dual AV nodal pathways. The common type SVT was not induced in both of them probably due to long ERP of retrograde FP. In conclusion, in patients with anterograde dual AV nodal pathways, the occurrence of common type SVT is highly related to anterograde slow pathway refractoriness (WBCL) and retrograde fast patway refactoriness (VABCL).
Humans ; Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry* ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular