A clinical observation of tattoos was made during physical exarnination for conscription in Choongchengnarndo and northern area of Seoul from April to August, 1988. The result were as follows : 1. The most common educational level of tattoo pstient was in the middle school graduated group (55.9%). 2. The average age when first tattoo was made was 17.3% years. 3. Left arm was the most favorite site (44.45b). 4. Most of motivation for being tattooed was curiosity, heroism, for fun(51.2%). 5. Girl friends name, heart or heart and arrow, rose and one-mind were the most common contents of tattoos. 6. The average number of tattoo was 2.5. 7. More Tattoos were tattooed by themselves than by others (55.9%). 8. Most common tattoo material was chinese ink. 9. The complications of tattoo were found in 23 case (5.2%); hypertropic scar, keloid, post inflammatory hyper/hypo pigmentation and pyoderma. 10. The removal of tattoos were tried in 95 case (21.6%). The most frequent methods used were cigarette burning and scratching with a knife.
Adolescent* ; Arm ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Friends ; Heart ; Humans ; Ink ; Keloid ; Motivation ; Pigmentation ; Pyoderma ; Seoul ; Tobacco Products

No abstract available.
Angiokeratoma* ; Hypertrophy*

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an uncommon heritable disorder of elastin characterized by cutaneous, ocular and vascular abnormalities. Typical skin lesion shows yellowish papules and redundant skin folds on the neck, axilla and groin due to degeneration and calcification of elastic fibers in deep dermis. As in all heritable disorders of connective tissue, no curative therapy is presently know. Redundant and unsightly skin folds about the neck can be improved by surgery, but irregular papular lesion on skin does not improved by surgery. A-44-year-old female who had a skin lesion and angioid streak was treated as follows: Skin folds on the neck were excised successfully without any significant problem such as intraoperative bleeding, wound dehiscence or hypertrophic scar formation. To evaluate whether we could smooth the irregular skin surface due to multiple papules, laserbrasion with a SLT contack Nd:YAG laser system was performed experimentally on a limited area which was located on the right supracla-vicular area about 2 x 3cm in size. An acceptable aesthetic appearance was achieved with surgical excision 12 months after the operation. Biopsy of the laserbrasion site revealed disappearance of the calcium deposit. This study emphasizes the possibility of using laserbrasion in solving troblesome skin lesion of the PXE.
Angioid Streaks ; Axilla ; Biopsy ; Calcium ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Elastin ; Female ; Groin ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Neck* ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ; Skin ; Wounds and Injuries

Contact Urticaria is a wheal-and-flare response to chemicals applied to the skin. Contact urticaria due to bee sting therapy has never been reported in Korea. A 45-year-old male was seen for erythematous plsques and patches with the duration of 3 days. Histologicall, the skin biopsy specimen showed necrosis and dyskeratotic cells in the epidermis. Collagen degenerati in and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates were seen in the upper dermis.
Bees* ; Biopsy ; Bites and Stings* ; Chronic Pain* ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Skin ; Urticaria*

BACKGROUND: 1. Conventional topical treatments of alopecia areata such as intralesional injection and topical application of glucocorticosteroids, and induction of conttact sensitivity using DPCP have had dieadvantages as follow 1) a time -consuming treatment perioed 2) various forms of discomfort during and after treatment 3) many side effects. 2. Though hair follicllee are easily damaged by intense cryo-application, we anticipate the regrowth of hair without damage to the tissue when applied to the scalp lightly OBJECT: We evaluated the efficacy of treatment and side effect of cryotherapy in patients with alopecia areata and whether this method can be used for the firstiline treatment of small alopecic patches, avoiding the above disadvantages of conventional methods METHOD: 19 patients witt alopecia areata lesion(s) confined within one fourth of the totaI scalp area were treated by dip-stick method with liquid nitrogen once a week luring the first 4 weeks, then at a two week interval. A cotten tip was lightly applied to the alopecic, patches for one to two seconds. We surveyed side effects and regrowth of hair during a periodic follow up. RESULT: The results can be summurized as follows : 1. Therapeutic responses were noted in 17(89%) of 19 patients studid. 2. In all the patients who responded, vellus hair appeared within 4 weeks of treatment, and terminal hair appeared within 6 weeks of treatment. 3. There were no specific fectors showing statistical significance between therapeutic responses. 4. There were no significanf, side effects except very faint pain during cryoapplication. 5. Recurrence was observed in only patieni during a 9-12 months follow-up CONCLUSION: Cryotherpy of the alopecia areata can be regarded as an effective mode of treatment with many advantages. These include relatively good therapeutic results, short-term treatment, a simple and convenient method, and nearly no side effects. We recommerld cryotherapy as a first-line mode of treatment of alopecia area.ta lesions which are small in size and few in number.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Cryotherapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Nitrogen ; Recurrence ; Scalp

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changing pattern of serum leptin level and the correlation between estradiol level during the clomiphene citrate challenge test(CCCT) or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) cycle. METHODS: Twenty-seven women who underwent CCCT and fourteen women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were recruited to measure the serum leptin level. After correction of serum concentration with body mass index(BMI), changes of leptin level and correlation with serum estradiol level during CCCT and COH cycle were analyzed. RESULTS: Circulating leptin levels were significantly correlated with BMI at each time point in CCCT cycle(P<0.01). In CCCT cycle, leptin/BMI level was significantly increased at midluteal phase compared to that of menstrual cycle day 3 and 10(p<0.05). In women with regular menstruation, leptin/BMI level at midluteal phase was significantly higher than that of menstrual day 3 and 10, but this difference was not seen in women with irregular menstruation. The leptin/BMI level in COH cycle showed increasing tendency throughout ovarian stimulation. But there was no significant correlation between leptin/BMI and estradiol level in CCCT and COH cycle. CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between BMI and circulating leptin level. Midluteal leptin level is significantly higher than that of follicular phase in CCCT cycle, and there is an increasing tendency in leptin level after ovarian stimulation in CCCT and COH cycle without statistical significance. These findings suggest that circulating estradiol concentration has no major influence on circulating leptin level.
Clomiphene* ; Estradiol ; Female ; Follicular Phase ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Ovulation Induction

Stress has been regrarded as one of the causes of central serous chorioretinopathy. We studied the effect of Hexamethonium (ganglionic blocking agent) on experimentaI serous chorioretinopathy following epinephrine injection in rabbits. In group 1, we injected the 0.1 % epinephrine into the rabbits through IV route for 10 days and in group 2, we addited Hexamethonium subcutaneously prior to injection of the epinephrine same term of gorup 1. We could find slight histological changes in gorup 2 as com paired with group 1, which produced serous chorioretinopathy, under the electronmicroscopic study so we would expect the preventive effect of Hexamethonium on the stress-induced serous chorioretinopathy.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Epinephrine ; Hexamethonium* ; Rabbits*

Stress has been regrarded as one of the causes of central serous chorioretinopathy. We studied the effect of Hexamethonium (ganglionic blocking agent) on experimentaI serous chorioretinopathy following epinephrine injection in rabbits. In group 1, we injected the 0.1 % epinephrine into the rabbits through IV route for 10 days and in group 2, we addited Hexamethonium subcutaneously prior to injection of the epinephrine same term of gorup 1. We could find slight histological changes in gorup 2 as com paired with group 1, which produced serous chorioretinopathy, under the electronmicroscopic study so we would expect the preventive effect of Hexamethonium on the stress-induced serous chorioretinopathy.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Epinephrine ; Hexamethonium* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Atrioventricular Block* ; Long QT Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Compartment Syndromes*