First branchial cleft anomalies constitute less than one percent of all branchial arch anomalies. First branchial clefi anomalies are classified into 2 digerent types with different embryologic, anatomical and histologic features by Work (1972)1. Among 2 types, type II anomaly is less common than type I and there has been no report of type II anomaly in the Korean literatures. We experienced a 5-year-old female who had a inflammed cystic mass over neck which was extended into parotid area After elevation of parotidectomy skin incision and superficial parotid gland, the cystic mass was observed to be extended upward into the parotid gland, medial to the facial nerve and ended at the external auditory canal. Microscopic examination shows that cyst wall is lined with squamous epithelium and contains some mesodermal tissue such as pilosebaceous gland and muscle. In conclusion, we can present this case as the first branchial cleft anomaly type II.
Branchial Region* ; Child, Preschool ; Ear Canal ; Epithelium ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Humans ; Mesoderm ; Neck ; Parotid Gland ; Skin

Recently, NAG activity has gained increasing importance as and aid in the diagnosis of renoparenchymal diseases. Elevation of urine NAG activity has been found to be an indicator of renoparenchymnal diseases. To evaluate the diagnostic value of the NAG activity test in the renal disease, we carried out clinical study on 31 cases of renal disease patients who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital between March 1992 and February 1993. We analyese by two data: (1) Stastical Package for the Social Science. (2) Students'T test. The results were as follows 1) The urine NAG activity significantly increased (p<0.05) to 69.9+/-5165.69U/hr/mg Creatinine (U/hr/mg Cr) in the renal disease group compared to 3.6+/-1.91U/hr/mg Cr in the control group. 2) The serum NAG activity was 11.69+/-5.18U/L in the renal disease group and 10.58+/-4.04U/L in the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum NAG sctivity between two groups. 3) In the renal disease group, the serum NAG activity was 10.78+/-3.32U/L in male 12.53+/-6.47U/L in female. There was no significant difference between both sexes. In the renal disease, the urine NAG activity was 33.62+/-30.67U/hr/mg Cr in male and 114.05+/-241.62U/hr/mg Cr female. There was no significant difference between both sexes (p<0.05). 4) In the renal disease group, the urine NAG activity increased 314.73+/-420.39U/hr/mg Cr in the 2 years old group but there was no significant difference of urine NAG activity compared to above 2 years old group . 5) The urine NAG activities were 93.1+/-0193.04U/hr/mg Cr in the poteinuria subgroup and 13.3+/-47.62U/hr/mg Cr in the nonproteinuria subgroup and 3.66+/-1.91U/hr/mg Cr in the control group. There was no significant difference between the proteinuria subgroup and the nonproteinuria subgroup. but there was significant difference between nonproteinuria subgroup and control grouop(p<0.005).
Child, Preschool ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Proteinuria ; Social Sciences

No abstract available.
Esophagus* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Neck*

No abstract available.
Acoustic Stimulation* ; Acoustics* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy

We studied the intradural variations of spinal nerve rootlets in 100 cases of Korean adults. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. The incidence of intrasegmental variations (abberrant rootlets) is high in cervical segments and decreased toward lumbosacral segments. The incidence is higher in posterior rootlets than anterior, except cervical sesments. 2. The incidence of intersegmental variations is higher in posterior rootlets than anterior, and generally high in cervical and lumbar segments. 3. We divide the intersegmental variations into supernumerary rootlets, dividing rootlets, and anastomosing rootlets, and among them the incidence of anastomosing rootlets is higher. We divide the anastomosing rootlets into parallel anastomosing rootlets, uniting anastomosing rootlets, and rearrangement anastomosing rootlets. 4. The anterior to posterior anastomosing of spinal nerve rootlet is present in 4 of cases studied.
Adult ; Humans ; Incidence ; Spinal Nerves*

BACKGROUND: Cladosporium spp. are dematiaceous fungi that are commonly isolated from indoor and outdoor environments, including hospital air. This fungus is rarely pathogenic to humans, but has been reported to cause infections of the skin and toenails, as well as sinusitis and pulmonary infections. The monitoring of culture results was conducted to identify the outbreak of an unknown black fungal infection between January and March 2006 in a University hospital, and infection control activity was performed to identify the cause of the outbreak. METHODS: An epidemiological investigation of 22 patients with infections caused by an unknown black fungus was conducted. Microscopic examination and molecular analysis on the internal transcript spacer (ITS) region was performed to identify the black fungus. To detect the source of contamination, a culture of environmental specimens was performed, and then, disinfection of the laboratory was implemented. RESULTS: The patients with black fungi belonged to various departments and wards. No symptoms of fungal infection were recognized on the basis of the survey. The black fungus was identified as Cladosporium spp. on the basis of morphological features and ITS region sequencing. Culturing of environmental specimens was performed in the laboratory. Black fungi were isolated from a specimen from a rack and had the same morphological features with Cladosporium spp. from clinical specimens. After the rack was autoclaved, Cladosporium spp. from clinical specimens was no longer isolated. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological investigation, microscopic examination, and molecular analysis revealed that the sudden increase in the isolation rate of Cladosporium spp. from clinical specimens was the result of a pseudo-outbreak caused by the contamination of a rack. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pseudo-outbreak of Cladosporium spp. Continuous monitoring of culture results is important to avoid unnecessary labor for nosocomial infection control.
Cladosporium ; Cross Infection ; Disinfection ; Fungi ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Nails ; Sinusitis ; Skin

Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) frequently follows upper respiratory infection, and one of the causes of this disease is inferred to beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, but the relationship is still unclear. Familial tendency of this disease is unclear, too. Also genetic relationship of this disease has been in a controversy yet. We experienced two cases of HSP in brother and sister at similar period, and report this case with review of related literatures.
Humans ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Siblings* ; Streptococcal Infections

BACKGROUND: Smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic asthmatic bronchitis, which are the most important causes of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), can occur together in a pat,ient and the prognoses of these two diseases are different each other. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To estimate the extent of asthmatic component in patients with CAO and to evaluate the role of atopy as a predictable index for reversibility of airflow obstruction, 89 CAO patients who were older than 40 years were examined retrospectively. RESULT: Only 15 patients (16.8%) showed an increase of >15% in FEV20 to inhaled salbutamol (short-term responder). However, 18 out of 32 patients (56.3%), who were not responded significantly to inhaled bronchodilator and performed a follow-up lung function study, showed an increase of ) 15% in FEV20 to anti-asthmatic therapy including corticosteroid for 3-4 weeks (long-term responder). Peripheral blood eosinophil count only was different between short-term responder and short-term nonresponder, and there was no difference in all of the measurements between short-term responder and long-term responder. However, there were significant differences in smoking, wheezing on auscultation, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, serum total IgE levels, and MAST atopy score between long-term responder and long-term nonresponder. The increase in FEV, following shortor long-term therapy was related to peripheral blood eosinophil counts and MAST atopy score, and it was significantly great,er in patients with high eosinophil counts or high atopy score. CONCLUSION: About 2/3 of patients with CAO who were older than 40 years had an asthmatic component ap atopy may be useful to predict good bronchodilator response to anti-asthmatic therapy.
Albuterol ; Auscultation ; Bronchitis ; Eosinophils ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Lung ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking

Colitis Cystica Profunda(CCP) is an uncommon disease in Korea, and little knowledge exists about CCP, including knowledge about its incidence and prevalence. However, it may be speculated that the disease will be diagnosed more often due to advancement in diagnostic tool and growing interest. CCP is essentially the same disorder as Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome(SRUS), but it has been reported separately because of its external appearances such as broad shaped polyps or nodules. Both CCP and SRUS are called MPS. Of importance is that a submucosal-cyst-containing lesion needs to be differentiated from mucus- producing adenocarcinoma. This differentiation is obvious from the CCP histologic features, such as fibromuscular obliteration of lamina propria and submucosal cysts. In light of these facts, it is important to obtain a sufficient biopsy specimen to examine accurately. It is not uncommon for CCP to be accampanied by rectal prolapse or incomplete intussusception, so diagnostic approaches of these associated disorders should be done at the same time. The authors have recently experienced one case of CCP associated with rectal prolapse. The case was treated effectively and is reported in this paper along with a review of the literature on this subject.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Colitis* ; Incidence ; Intussusception ; Korea ; Mucous Membrane ; Polyps ; Prevalence ; Rectal Prolapse ; Ulcer