No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Arbovirus*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of case-base learning (CBL) using video on clinical decision-making and learning motivation. METHODS: This research was conducted between June 2009 and April 2010 as a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The study population was 44 third year nursing students who enrolled in a college of nursing, A University in Korea. The nursing students were divided into the CBL and the control group. The intervention was the CBL with three cases using video. The controls attended a traditional live lecture on the same topics. With questionnaires objective clinical decision-making, subjective clinical decision-making, and learning motivation were measured before the intervention, and 10 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS: Significant group differences were observed in clinical decision-making and learning motivation. The post-test scores of clinical decision-making in the CBL group were statistically higher than the control group. Learning motivation was also significantly higher in the CBL group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that CBL using video is effective in enhancing clinical decision-making and motivating students to learn by encouraging self-directed learning and creating more interest and curiosity in learning.
*Decision Making ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Problem-Based Learning ; Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Videotape Recording ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder with a strong genetic component. Previous neurochemical and genetic studies have suggested the possible involvement of the serotonin system in autism. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase(TDO2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of tryptophan, which is the precursor of serotonin synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the TDO2 gene and autism spectrum disorders(ASD) in a Korean population. METHODS: The patients were diagnosed with ASD on the basis of the DSM-IV diagnostic classification outlined in the Korean version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The present study included the detection of four single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the TDO2 gene(rs2292536, rs6856558, rs6830072, rs6830800) and the family-based association analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in Korean ASD trios using a transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) and haplotype analysis. The family trios of 136 probands were included in analysis. 87.5% were male and 86.0% were diagnosed with autism. The mean age of the probands was 78.5+/-35.8 months(range: 26-264 months). RESULTS: Two SNPs showed no polymorphism, and there was no significant difference in transmission in the other two SNPs. We also could not find any significant transmission in the haplotype analysis(p>.05). CONCLUSION: We could not find any significant statistical association between the transmission of SNPs in the TDO2 gene and ASD in a Korean population. This result may not support the possible involvement of the TDO2 gene in the development of ASD, and further exploration might be needed to investigate other plausible SNP sites.
Appointments and Schedules ; Autistic Disorder* ; Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Classification ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the results of designing and implementing a teaching program for medical education as the elective course for 4th-year students of medical course. Methods: In order to design the teaching program for medical education as an elective course, we conducted literature review, five medical education experts were interviewed, and the literature required in the design process was reviewed. A developing teaching program was implemented as an elective course in a medical school of Korea, and 4th-year students of medical course participated in the program. Results: In the elective course, the medical education program process competencies were derived into three categories: theoretical educational knowledge, teaching competency, and research competency for education. Moreover, instructional materials were developed to help students achieve these competencies. And project-based learning strategy was selected and implemented for 4th-year students in medical course, and positive satisfaction was confirmed. Conclusion As a study designed and implemented in a medical education program in a medical school in Korea, it is expected to be helpful when introducing medical education to undergraduate students or developing a medical education program to strengthen the teaching capacity of residents.

The histologically confirmed endothelial damage (HCED) may lead to vasospasm, which increases the failure rate of microvascular anastomosis. Recently, vascular freezing has been reported to be the most effective and lasting method of alleviating or preventing vessel constriction in virgin microvessels. We question whether the application of freezing designed to relieve vasospasm is possible in microvessels accompanying with underlying acute endothelial damages without any harmful effects. We produced an experimental model with histologically confirmed endothelial damage and vasospasm in Sprague-Dawley rat. In crush injury group(group I, n = 15), the determined crushing load (0.07 J) was applied to femoral artery. In crush injury-freezing group(group II, n = 15), crushed arteries was frozen with ethyl chloride at 30 minutes after applying the crush injury. Gross and scanning electron microscopic appearances were inspected in both experimental groups on the 2nd, 14th and 30th day after the operation. In group I, vasospasm around the crushed segments were continued but in group II, the vasospasm disappeared immediately after vascular freezing, maintained its expansion even at postoperative 2, 14 and 30 days. On scanning electron microscopic examination, endothelium in group II showed slightly slower regeneration velocity but near complete regeneration was achieved at postoperative day 30. Regenerated endothelial cell in group II was more atypically shaped but arranged longitudinally at postoperative day 30. In conclusion, freezing with ethyl chloride could be a useful tool to reliably revert vasospasm without inducing thrombus even in acute endothelial damaged vessels after crush injury.
Animals ; Arteries ; Constriction ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Ethyl Chloride ; Femoral Artery ; Freezing* ; Microvessels ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Thrombosis

Lateral malleolar bursitis rarely progresses to septic arthritis. In our case, the 27 year old man visited due to progressive left ankle pain, despite the antibiotics treatment of lateral malleolar bursitis. 8 years ago, modified Brostrom procedure was performed owing to chronic ankle instability. Previous surgery altered anatomical structure of lateral ankle bursa, so it may cause the infection to spread to the ankle joint. We reported rare case of secondary septic arthritis caused by lateral malleolar bursitis.
Adult ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arthritis, Infectious* ; Bursitis* ; Humans

The neurocognitive function and quality of life of 58 Korean survivors of childhood medulloblastoma were assessed after surgery, cranial radiation and chemotherapy. All patients were evaluated with a battery of neurocognitive function tests and the Pediatric Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain Tumor Survivors, which consists of self-report questionnaires on quality of life. The mean full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ, and performance IQ scores were 90.2, 97.1, and 84.16, respectively. The mean memory quotient (MQ) score was 86.78, which was within 1 standard deviation of the average score of 100. Processing speed, attention, and executive function showed mild to moderate deficits. Intelligence, memory, executive function, visuospatial function, and simple motor function were significantly lower in the patients diagnosed before 8 years of age compared with those diagnosed after 8. The cognitive deficits in the patients diagnosed at younger ages might be related to earlier exposure to craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy. The patient and parent proxy evaluations of attention, fine motor function, and quality of life did not differ. We found significant neurocognitive changes in a wide range of neurocognitive functional domains in Korean survivors of childhood medulloblastoma. Long-term follow-up studies of survivors of childhood medulloblastoma beginning at the time of their first diagnosis are required to better understand the deficits exhibited by survivors of childhood medulloblastoma, so that intervention strategies and treatment refinements that reduce the long-term neurocognitive decline can be developed.
Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Craniospinal Irradiation ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Executive Function ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Medulloblastoma* ; Memory ; Parents ; Proxy ; Quality of Life* ; Survivors*

PURPOSE: We report a case of systemic cystinosis who showed cystine crystal depositions within cornea. METHODS: A 13-year-old boy with systemic cystinosis who had chronic renal failure, growth retardation, rickets for 9 years was consulted for ophthalmic examination for photophobia. We performed complete ophthalmic examinations including slit lamp examination, corneal pachymetry, corneal sensitivity test, specular microscopy, corneal topography, and fundoscopic examination. RESULTS: There were needle-like cystine crystal depositions within the entire corneal stroma. Other findings were within normal. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of sytemic cystinosis that had cystine crystal depositions within cornea. It is the first case report in Korea.
Adolescent ; Cornea* ; Corneal Pachymetry ; Corneal Stroma ; Corneal Topography ; Cystine* ; Cystinosis* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Male ; Microscopy ; Photophobia ; Rickets