PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of 'mental illness education using movies' on the perceptions and attitudes toward mental illness held by middle and high school teachers. METHODS: The participants were 66 middle and high school teachers, 33 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group. The 'mental illness education using movies' was given to the experimental group twice a week for two weeks. The perceptions and attitudes toward mental illness were measured using the Knowledge and Attitude toward Mental Illness Questionnaire developed by Park, Paik, and Kwack (1995). RESULTS: After the mental illness education, there was a significant difference between the experiment and control group for psychological and environmental concepts toward mental illness (t=7.10, p<.001). CONCLUSION: 'Mental illness education using movies' has limited effects on the perceptions and attitudes of middle and high school teachers toward mental illness. The results of this study indicate that further research is needed with a revised contents of 'the mental illness education using movies' if perceptions and attitudes are to be changed.
Education* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Feeding intolerance is common in premature infants. It may extend the parenteral nutrition period and increase the risk of complications. We evaluated the efficacy of erythromycin and metoclopramide in neonates with feeding intolerance. METHODS: Between December 2006 to August 2011, 114 neonates with feeding intolerance were divided into two groups treated with either erythromycin or metoclopramide in the neonatal intensive care unit of Chung-ang University Hospital, a tertiary care center. We defined neonates with feeding intolerance as those who either could not be fully fed enterally (120 mL/kg/day) within 7 days or who skipped feeding more than twice per day because the gastric residual volume was >20% of each feed or more than 50% once. The time taken to achieve 50%, 75%, and 100% enteral feeding was estimated retrospectively. RESULTS: The erythromycin group achieved 50% feeding (P=0.047), 75% feeding (P=0.042), and 100% feeding (P=0.039) earlier than the metoclopramide group. The erythromycin group achieved 100% feeding earlier than the metoclopramide group among infants with birth weight > or =1,500 g (P=0.036) and those with gestational age > or =34 weeks (P=0.008). CONCLUSION: Compared with metoclopramide, erythromycin improves feeding in neonates with feeding intolerance, especially in infants with birth weight > or =1,500 g and in those with gestational age > or =34 weeks.
Birth Weight ; Enteral Nutrition ; Erythromycin* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Metoclopramide* ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Residual Volume ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers

Ceftriaxone is known to induce a precipitation in the gallbladder that mimics gallstones on sonography in the children and adults. "Biliary pseudolithiasis" is now used to describe this reversible, benign complication accompanying ceftriaxone therapy. It is important to be aware of this adverse effect because it does not need any specific treatment. To our knowledge, there have not been any reports of CT findings of ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in literature. We herein report two cases of ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis with sonographic and CT findings, which were completely resolved after the cessation of ceftriaxone therapy.
Adult ; Ceftriaxone ; Child ; Gallbladder ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Ultrasonography*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present the distribution of lesions among the six categories of the pathology reporting system for thyroid core-needle biopsy (CNB), along with the range of malignancy risk of each category based on different diagnostic criteria for benignity in a clinical cohort. Methods: For 1,216 consecutive nodules (≥1 cm) of 1,125 patients who underwent CNB at two hospitals, the diagnostic results based on the six categories of thyroid CNB were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to prior fine-needle aspiration (FNA) status: second-line CNB for nodules where prior FNA yielded nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory results (n=57), second-line CNB for nodules with prior FNA results of atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) (n=303), and first-line CNB (n=856). Results: The proportion of nodules in each CNB category and the range of the malignancy rate for each category was as follows, in order from category I to VI: 1.8%, 23.1%-75.0%; 57.9%, 0.7%-16.7%; 16.0%, 13.2%-46.7%; 8.8%, 53.8%-56.8%; 2.0%, 100%; and 13.5%, 100%. First-line CNB was associated with a higher rate of conclusive diagnoses (category II, IV, or VI) (725 of 856, 84.7%) than second-line CNB with prior nondiagnostic or AUS/FLUS FNA results (241 of 360, 66.9%; P<0.001). Conclusion The overall distribution of nodules across the six categories of thyroid CNB and the ranges of malignancy risk for those categories were presented in a clinical cohort. First-line CNB tended to produce a higher rate of conclusive results than second-line CNB with prior inconclusive FNA results.

The present study was designed to examine the effect of d-amphetamine on CA release from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland, and to establish its mechanism of action. D- amphetamine (10~100microM), when perfused into an adrenal vein of the rat adrenal gland for 60 min, enhanced the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32x10-3 M), excess K+ (5.6x10-2 M, a membrane depolarizer), DMPP (10-4 M, a selective neuronal nicotinic Nn-receptor agonist) and McN-A-343 (10-4 M, a selective M1-muscarinic agonist) only for the first period (4 min), although it alone has weak effect on CA secretion. Moreover, d-amphetamine (30microM) in to an adrenal vein for 60 min also augmented the CA release evoked by BAY-K-8644, an activator of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channels, and cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase only for the first period (4 min). However, in the presence of high concentration (500microM), d-amphetamine rather inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by the above all of secretagogues. Collectively, these experimental results suggest that d-amphetamine at low concentrations enhances the CA secretion from the rat adrenal medulla evoked by cholinergic stimulation (both nicotininc and muscarinic receptors) as well as by membrane depolarization, but at high concentration it rather inhibits them. It seems that d-amphetamine has dual effects as both agonist and antagonist at nicotinic receptors of the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla, which might be dependent on the concentration. It is also thought that these actions of d-amphetamine are probably relevant to the Ca2+ mobilization through the dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channels located on the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cell membrane and the release of Ca2+ from the cytoplasmic store.
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride ; 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenal Medulla* ; Amphetamine ; Animals ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; Chromaffin Cells ; Cytoplasm ; Dextroamphetamine* ; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; Veins

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of fascial sling operation conducted at multicenters in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 564 patients, who underwent fascial sling operation for stress urinary incontinence, between December 1996 and May 2001, at 10 institutions in Korea, were included in this study. They were all followed up for a period of at least 2 years. History taking, a physical examination, and urodynamic studies, including Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP), were conducted before the operation. Postoperative symptoms and satisfaction were assessed using a questionnaire. The 269 (47.7%), 266 (47.2%) and 29 (5.1%) patients underwent operations with autologous rectus fascia, cadaveric allograft fascia and autologous fascia lata, respectively. RESULTS: The mean follow up period was 43.6 months, ranging from 24 to 77 months. Stress urinary incontinence was cured in 485 (86.0%) patients and improved in 31 (5.5%). In autologous fascia group, 252 (84.6%) patients were cured and 18 (6.0%) improved; whereas, in allograft fascia group 233 (87.6%) patients were cured and 13 (4.9%) improved. 253 (84.9%) patients with autologous fascia and 228 (85.7%) patients with allograft fascia were satisfied, making a total of 481 patients (85.3%) that were satisfied with the operation. According to the fascia length and preoperative VLPP value, there were no differences in the success and patient satisfaction rates. There were 197 (34.9%) patients with preoperative urge urinary incontinence, and 92 (46.7%) of these were either cured or improved postoperatively. However, de novo urge urinary incontinence was noted in 8 patients (1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the long-term outcome of fascial sling operation for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence was satisfactory.
Allografts ; Cadaver ; Fascia ; Fascia Lata ; Female* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urodynamics

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder. Mutations of the solute carrier family 26 member 3 gene cause profuse, chloride ion rich diarrhea, which results in hypochloremia, hyponatremia and metabolic alkalosis with dehydration. If a fetal ultrasound shows bowel dilatation suggestive of bowel obstruction, or if a neonate shows persistent diarrhea and metabolic alkalosis, CLD should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The severity of CLD varies, but early detection and early therapy can prevent complications including growth failure. We report a case of dizygotic twins affected by CLD who had been born to non-consanguineous parents. Both of them showed growth failure, but one of the twins experienced worse clinical course. He showed developmental delay, along with dehydration and severe electrolyte imbalance. He was diagnosed with CLD first at 6-month age, and then the other one was also diagnosed with CLD.
Alkalosis ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diarrhea ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Infant, Newborn ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Parents ; Polyhydramnios ; Secondary Prevention ; Twins, Dizygotic

PURPOSE: To identify altered patterns of retinal mRNA expression in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats from P2 to P14 were exposed to hyperoxia (80% oxygen) to induce OIR and then returned to normoxic conditions. Control rats were sustained in room air. Retinal gene expression between the rats of OIR and the controls was compared using cDNA microarray analysis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to verify the microarray results. RESULTS: Among a total of 12,731 cDNAs analyzed by mircroarray, 13 genes were strongly up- or down-regulated (>2-fold change over controls) in the OIR rats. We found a significant increase in expression of 10 genes (CaM-kinase II inhibitor; acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member A; vascular endothelial growth factor; interferon alpha-inducible protein 27-like; similar to enthoprotin, epsin 4, clathrin interacting protein; nidogen [entactin]; tubulin, beta5; fibrillin-1; spectrin beta2; and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 2) and a significant decrease in expression of 3 genes (myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein, heat shock protein, and decorin) in OIR rats compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed changes in expressions of various retinal genes in a rat model of OIR by microarray and RT-PCR. This study should contribute to the understanding of genetic indicators associeated with OIR.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression ; Microarray Analysis ; *Oxygen ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retina/*metabolism ; Retinal Diseases/*chemically induced/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Up-Regulation

We report here on a case of a spinal extradural leiomyoma in a 67-year-old woman, and this tumor was in a very unusual location for a leiomyoma. Because the patient underwent hysterectomy for a uterine leiomyoma 20 years ago, we can speculate that the spinal lesion was a metastatic leiomyoma.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma* ; Spinal Cord

PURPOSE: The authors analyzed how the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) findings of patients with major depression differ from the normal control, and our results were compared to previous reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for major depression who were off all psychotropic medications for >4weeks (male: 7, female: 5, age range: 19~52 years, average age: 29.3+/-9.9 years) and 14 normal volunteers (male: 8, female: 6, age range: 19~53 years, average age: 31.4+/-9.2 years) were recruited. Images of brain perfusion SPECT were obtained using Tc-99m ECD and patterns of the rCBF were compared between patients with major depression and the healthy control subjects. RESULTS: The patients with major depression showed increase of the r-CBF in right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, left lingual gyrus, left precuneus, and left superior temporal gyrus, and showed decrease of r-CBF in right pons, left medial frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus of left limbic lobe, cingulate gyrus of right frontal lobe, and cingulate gyrus of right limbic lobe compared to the normal control. CONCLUSION: The Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT findings in our study did not differ from the previously reported regional cerebral blood flow pattern of patients with major depression. Especially, decreased rCBF pattern typical to major depression patients in the right pons, left medial frontal gyrus, and cingulate regions was clearly demonstrated.
Brain ; Cysteine ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Frontal Lobe ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Perfusion ; Pons ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon