No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome* ; Meconium*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of CT in the diagnosis of bowel and mesenteric injury we studied the CT findings and its usefulness in patients of abdominal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of 27 patients who were confirmed to have bowel and/or mesenteric injury due to abdominal trauma were analyzed retrospectively. Of these 27 patients 15 had bowel injury only and 12 had both bowel and mesenteric injury. CT findings analysed were bowel wall thickening, presence or absence of highly attenuated bowel wall, sentinel clot, mesenteric infiltration, peritoneal fluid collection and free intraabdominal air in cases with bowel injury only and with both bowel and mesenteric injury respectively. Ten patients had other accompanying abdominal injuries, such as liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, bladder injuries, intraperitoneal abscess or retroperitoneal hemorrhage. RESULTS: Findings observed were bowel wall thickening in 23 cases(85%), peritoneal fluid collection in 21 (78%), highly attenuated bowel wall in 19(70%), mesenteric infiltration in 17(63%), free intraperitoneal air in 10 (37%) and sentinel clot in 7(26%). Pneumoperioneum were observed in 10 of 24 patients(41.7%) having bowel perforation. Two cases did not show any CT findings suggesting bowel and/or mesenteric injury. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of the CT findings between the patient group with bowel injury only and the patient group with both bowel and meseneric injury. CONCLUSION: CT scan is a useful tool in evaluating the degree and extent of bowel and/or mesenteric injury as well as in planning the patient's management.
Abdominal Injuries ; Abscess ; Ascitic Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spleen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder

The pulmonary cytology has reached a high level of accuracy. By the examination of the sputum and/or bronchial brushings, it is now possible to make a diagnosis in 70% to 90% of patients with cancer. Primary melanoma of the lung is very rare and there have been reported about 20 cases in the world literature. We present a case of primary malignant melanoma of the lung in a 61-year-old male diagnosed by cytologic examination of sputum, bronchial brushing and aspirated pleural fluid. Histologic examination of bronchoscopic biopsy and examination of the skin and other primary sites confirmed the diagnosis.
Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is a Ca2+ -dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule that connects cells via homotypic interactions. Its function is critical in the induction and maintenance of cell polarity and differentiation, and its loss is associated with an invasive and poorly differentiated phenotype in a wide range of tumors. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 36 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 14 cervical squamous cell carcinomas were investigated for the expression of E-cadherin immunohistochemically. While E-cadherin expression was usually restricted on the cell membrane of basal and parabasal cells in normal cervix, the presence of cytoplasmic E-cadherin was found to be associated with its grade in CIN lesions. Also, marked cytoplasmic staining was commonly revealed in poorly differentiated ones than well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. More intense reactivity of cytoplasmic E-cadherin was frequently seen in the foci of invasion than adjacent carcinoma in situ, and in its periphery than the center of tumor islands. In addition, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction of squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed and compared with those of CIN lesion. We found that invasive squamous cell carcinomas more frequently disclosed DNA aneuploidy than CIN lesions, and there was correlation between cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression and DNA aneuploidy. Also, cytoplasmic E-cadherin-reactive cervical neoplasms had a higher rate of cell proliferation than that of membranous E-cadherin-reactive cases. These data suggest that the increased cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression may represent one of the abnormalities underlying the loss of polarity and invasiveness of cancer cells, and the abnormal E-cadherin expression combined with/without DNA ploidy or S-phase fraction may serve as a prognostic indicator.
Aneuploidy ; Cadherins* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Membrane ; Cell Polarity ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cytoplasm ; DNA* ; Female ; Islands ; Phenotype ; Ploidies* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: We performed this study to describe the findings of MR Myelography(MRM) of herniated disc disease, spinal stenosis and spinal tumor and to evaluate the usefulness of the MRM in comparison to MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI and MRM were performed in 31 patients with herniated disc disease(12 patients), spinal stenosis(11 patients) and spinal tumor(8 patients). MRI and MRM were done with 1.5-T Signa MR, using fat suppressed heavily T2-weighted fast spin echo technique. We retrospectively analyzed MRM images about the thecal sac indentation, compression or displacement of the nerve root, extent and degree of narrowing of spinal canal, relationship between spinal tumor and spinal cord. MRM findings were compared with MRI in all cases. RESULTS: In 18 herniated disc cases of 12 patients, focal filling defect with cutoff or displacement of the nerve root in eight cases of paracentral herniated disc was seen. Cutoff and displacement of the nerve root were more clearly delineated on MRM than rvlRI. In the patients of spinal stenosis(11 cases), hourglass deformity of the thecal sac or complete spinal block of the subarachnoid space was clearly demonstrated. The extent and severity of spinal stenosis were more accurately evaluated on MRM than MRI. MRM finding of intramedullary tumor(3 cases) was enlargement of spinal cord. Five cases of intradural extramedullary tumor showed intradural filling defect, which caused contralateral displacement of the spinal cord with meniscus sign on inferior margin of the mass. CONCLUSION: MRM shows characteristic findings of herniated disc disease, spinal stenosis and spinal tumor. MRM yields excellent definition of the thecal sac, nerve roots and nerve root sleeves in relation to herniated disc and may be more accurate in evaluation of the degree and extent of spinal stenosis than MRI.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelography* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Diseases ; Spinal Stenosis ; Subarachnoid Space

Fibrous dysplasia is a common benign disorder of bone in which normal bone marrow is replaced with fibro-osseous tissue. As PET/CT is increasingly used for the staging of different malignant disease, incidentally found fibrous dysplasia with increased FDG uptake may mimic metastasis. We report on a 46-year-old woman with fibrous dysplasia who underwent PET/CT because of suspected recurrence of breast cancer and was misdiagnosed as a bony metastasis with a focal FDG uptake on left proximal femur. This lesion was interpreted as fibrous dysplasia based on MRI in addition to the plain radiographs. We conclude that MRI in addition to radiography may help to differentiate fibrous dysplasia mimicking metastasis on PET/CT in the patients with malignancy.
Bone Marrow ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

To evaluate the prognostic predictor and clinicopathologic characteristics of the gastrointestinal (GI) mesenchymal neoplasm, we examined 75 cases of GI mesenchymal tumors surgically resected during 8 years from 1983 to 1990. Various histological parameters referrable to the prognosis, including the Ag-NORs count, were analysed. Fifty cases were followed-up for 1 to 7 years. Sixteen out of these fifty cases died during this period. The location of tumor was the stomach in 33 cases, the small intestine in 31 cases and the large intestine in 11 cases, and the tumor size was variable from 2 to 35 cm in diameter. The GI mesenchymal neoplasm appeared as an extraluminal mass in 50 cases, an intramural mass in 17 cases, and an intraluminal mass in 8 cases. Each tumor was composed of spindle or epithelioid cells, the former cell type being more common than the latter (45 vs 30 cases). Mitotic count of the tumor showed the best correlationship with the survival of patients(p<0.05), although the tumor size and necrosis appeared to have some values. The Ag-NORs count was variable and was not significantly correlated with the patient's prognosis(p>0.05). These results indicate that the mitotic count is the most valuable pathological predictor for the prognosis in GI mesenchymal neoplasms.

This is a retrospective study of 161 ovarian neoplasms, all of which were surgically removed and had preoperative sonographic examinations. They were evaluated respect to age, tumor size and its echogenicity. The results were as follows: 1. Of all 161 tumors, physiologic lesions were 67 cases (41.6%), germ cell tumors were 28 cases (17.4%) and serous tumors were 19 cases (11.8%). 2. Of all 161 tumors, right ovarian lesions were 82 cases (50.9%), left were 59 cases (36.7%), and bilateral lesions were 20 cases(12.4%). 3. The most characteristic findings of tumors were as follows: 1) Physiologic tumors were 2-9cm sized (88.1%), anechoice-5% echogenic (79.1%), and developed during 4th & 5th decades (91.0%). 2) Inflammatory tumors were 2-9cm sized (94.1%), 50%-totally echogenic (76.5%), and during 4th & 5th decades (94.1%). 3) Serous tumors were 2-9cm sized (60.3%), anechoic-5% echogenic (89.5%), and during 3rd & 4th decades (84.2%). 4) Mucinous tumors were 5-19 cm sized (77.8%), anechoic-5% echogenic (77.8%), during 2nd-8th decades with diffuse distribution. 5) Endometrioid tumors were 5-14cm sized (100.0%), variable echogenic, and during 3rd & 4th decades (90.9%). 6) Germ cell tumors were 5-14cm sized (75.0%), variable echogenic, during 3rd & 4th decades (82.1%). 7) Parovarian cysts were 2-14cm sized (90.0%), anechoic-5% echogenic (100.0%), with diffuse age distribution. 4. The malignant and borderline malignant tumors were 9 caseswith more than 10cm sized (77.8%), and developed during older than 4th decade (100.0%). Anechoic 3 cases, 1-5% echogenic 2 cases, and totally echogenic 4 cases were found.
Age Distribution ; Female ; Mucins ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Parovarian Cyst ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

We experienced a case of eisenmenger syndrome treated by simple surgical intervention. Eisenmenger syndrome refers to patients with congenital heart defects who have a systemic level of pulmonary arterial pressure and high pulmonary vascular resistance, with right-to-left or bidirectional shunting. Because a progressive rise in pulmonary vascular resistance may be better tolerated with an intracardiac communication, surgical repair in such patients may shorthen their life. But, urgent surgical intervention should be undertaken to reverse process if the pulmonary vascular disease is of recent origin. Patients who respond to vasoilator therapy, such as oxygen, are subjected to surgery. We reported a case of PDA with eisenmenger syndrome whose pulmonary vascular resistance fall following vasodilator, 100% oxygen, and closure of defect during cardiac catheterization, preoperatively, and who may faborable after simple surgical repair.
Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Eisenmenger Complex* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Oxygen ; Vascular Diseases ; Vascular Resistance

A review of the literature on cancer pain revealed that many persons with cancer receive inadequate analgesia for pain control, due in part to a lack of knowledge of the control of cancer pain by both physicians and nurses. This study is composed of two parts : one is to train nurses to change their knowledge of and attitude toward the pain management of patients having cancer and to evaluate the effectiveness of this training in comparison with other non-trained group ; the other is to test the applicability of the pain management method knowledge and attitude in the levels of pain of oncology patients. General characteristics of nurses such as age, education, educational experiences of cancer pain management were not different in both groups except the clinical experience. General characteristics of cancer patients and pain-related variables such as pain, sleep, daily activities, treatment modalities, causes of pain were not different in both groups except the educational levels of patients. After an eight-hour educational program given to the experimental nurse group, the knowledge and attitude about assessment of cancer pain, pain medication, and pharmacological knowledge were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, while knowledge about classification of analgesics was not significantly different. The amount of analgesics, measured by the morphine equivalent doses, used in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group in the first and the last days. The experimental group used more systematic ways of drug changes from non-narcotic analgesics to narcotic analgesics than the control group. This indicated that the control group used fentanyl patches more commonly than in the control group. Cancer pain scores of both group of patients were measured on an hourly bases for a week in both groups. The patients' pain scores of the first day of measurement in experimental group were not significantly higher than those of control group of patients, while those of the last day were significantly higher than those of the control group. This study supports the need for educational program for the management of cancer pain to the nurses and the doctors.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Classification ; Education ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Morphine ; Narcotics ; Pain Management*