To study the gyrA mutations of E. coli from clinical specimens, 410 strains were isolated from 1994 to 1997 in Kyungpook National Vniversity hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, PCR and sequencing of gyrA, and in vitro induction of quinolone resistance were done. The frequency of quinolone resistant E. coli strains increased constantly during 1994 through 1996. Quinolone-resistant strains were more often resistant to unrelated antibiotics than quinolone-susceptible strains (chi-square test, p<0.05). All of the randomly selected 55 quinolone- resist#ant strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) but had low level resistance to fluoroquinolones. All of the 55 quinolone-resistant strains showed an amino acid substitution of Ser -> Leu (TCG -> TIG) at codon 83. In addition, four different types of amino acid substitution affecting codon 87 (Asp) were detected, 1) type I: Asn (GAC -> AAC); 2) type II: Tyr (GAC -> TAC); 3) type III: Oly (GAC -> GGC); 4) type IV: His (GAC -> CAC). The mutation of type IV has not been reported previously in quinolone-resistant E. coli strains. It is thought that the specific amino acid substitution probably affects minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of quinolones because the MICs of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin in type II were significantly higher than those of type I. By in vitro induction, MICs to quinolone-susceptible strains resulted in the increase in the MICs of all quinolones tested by 2- to 2048-fold. The induced mutants by quinolones had amino acid substitutions at codon 83, SerLeu or Asp87Asn, Gly or Tyr. Alteration of Ser83 results in the most effective increase in the MIC of quinolone such as NAL and alterations of Asp87 result in the effective increase of MIC of fluoroquinolone. These results suggest that the continuous use of quinolones might induce the specific amino acid substitution at gyrA.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ciprofloxacin ; Codon ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nalidixic Acid ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Quinolones

Erythema multiforme(EM) is an acute, self-limited eruption of the skin and mucous membrane, characterized by distinctive target lesions. Although a wide range of factors have been implicated as precipitating EM, the pathogenesis is unknown. Recently, several studies on EM have been reportecl, showing the presence of immune complexes in patient with EM, and these authors suggested that such complexes may be cf immunopathogenic significance. The atudy was undertaken to irivestigate the pathogenesis of EM. In ten patients with EM, we performed serological study and direct immunofluorescence study. The reaults obtained were as follows. 1) There was no signifir.ant abnormality in CBC, urinalysis, chest PA, stool, and serology including ASO, CH, Ig quantitation, VDRL, HBsAg, ANA, RF, and cryoglobul in. 2 In direct immunofluorescence study, 4 biopsies showed IgM deposits in the su!erficial blood vessels, 4 demonstrated C, 2 showed IgG deposition and 2 biopsies showed fibrin deposition. All biopsies were negative for lgA. Additionally 1 biopsy demonstrated IgM depnsition along the dermoepidermal junction, and 1 showed both IgG and fihrin deposition. This study supports the view that deposition of immune complexes may play a role in the pathogenesis of EM.
Biopsy

Even though ultrasonography is a primary tool for evaluation of gynecological pelvic mass, CT can be helpful when ultrasonography is suboptimal either because of abundant intestinal gas or marked obesity. Authors experienced 3 cases of hydatidiform mole demonstrated by CT. The findings of hydatidiform mole are enlargement of uterus, low density in the uterine cavity, irregular soft tissue mass with small multiple cysts, and strong contrast enhancement of the soft tissue mass within the uterine cavity. CT can be a useful diagnostic tool for differentiation of hydatidiform mole from choriocarcioma because of good visualization of uterine wall and pelvic structures.
Female ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Obesity ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus

Soft tissue coverage of heel defects has long been a difficult problem. In 1982, Iron reported eight cases of heel defects in children using an ipsilateral posterior thigh flap with use of the Hoff-man's skeletal fixation apparatus for immobilization. We report three cases of heel defects treatment in children using ipsilateral posterior thigh flap and detach flap in an average 13 days with aid of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) for evaluation of circulation status of flap.
Child ; Fracture Fixation ; Heel ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Iron ; Thigh ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

No abstract available in English.
Lasers, Gas ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND:Acute seizures that increase neuronal activity cause a rapid and transient induction of the immmediate early c-fos in specific brain regions. C-fos gene may mediate long-term changes in cell function, such as growth, differeniation, and development, in response to acute extracellular stimulation. This study is designed to compare the expression of Fos protein in hippocampus after single and repeated injections of kainic acid (KA). METHODS:In KA-single injection model, twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with single intraperitoneal injection of convulsive dose(20-30 mg/kg) of KA, and. in KA-multiple injections model, seven rats received KA by repeated daily intraperitoneal injections for 15 days. Eight control rats received normal saline. Expression of Fos protein was tested in hippocampus by immunohistochemical staining, and was scored by the degree of staining intensity and the ratio of stained cells to tested ones. RESULTS:The scores tended to increase in CA3 and dentate gyrus were significantly higher in KA-single injection model than in control (p<0.05). In comparison with scores in KA-model. CONCLUSION:These results show that repeated seizure produces some blockade of c-fos induction in CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus. This may be a long-term adaptive response by the nervous system to repated neuronal activation
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Dentate Gyrus ; Genes, fos ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Kainic Acid* ; Male ; Nervous System ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Calcaneus*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphologic changes of the bile canaliculi and its associated structures of the liver induced by common bile duct ligation(CBDL) in the rat. The canalicular surface and lateral surface of the dry-fractured hepatocytes was studied with scanning electron microscopy at 1~6 weeks post ligation. The first week after CBDL, the bile canaliculi were dilated. The microvilli were increased in number and the lumens contained granular materials After 2 weeks or more, the bile canaliculi were dilated to a variable degree, and with irregularity, measuring from 1.5 to 5 micrometer in diameter, and in the advanced stage, the canaliculi showed blunting and the disappearance of microvilli. Some canaliculi had sprouting side branches. At 4~6 weeks post-ligation, the lateral surface of the hepatocytes also showed some irregularity and a tortuous appearance, and numerous small sized microvillous projections were formed. The tubular structures of the proliferated SER distributed adjacent to the lateral surface of the hepatocytes, and the direct connection of a tubular structure and the cytoplasmic membrane was observed. These results suggest that the deformity and loss of microvilli of bile canaliculi reflect the disturbance of bile secretion from the hepatocytes. And prolonged obstruction of bile flow may result in bile excretion via the lateral surface of hepatocytes.
Rats ; Animals

The tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, extremely rare. The authors experienced a case of left tuberculous pailOphthalmitis which is, we imagine, secondary to the minimal active pulmonary tuberculosis of right upper lung of 17 year old girl. Here we briefly report a case of tuberculous panophthalmitis, referring the literature relating to the ocular trberculosis.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Panophthalmitis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

No abstract available.
Prospective Studies*