No abstract available.
Methicillin Resistance ; Staphylococcus

Antimicrobial resistance in the hospital is the most important challenging issue in the field of nosocomial infection control. Several nationwide surveys performed so far revealed that various profiles of resistance were already stablished in Korea: the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was more than 70%; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was around 15%; resistance to third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were around 30%, and so on. Although there remains some controversy, association between the development of antimicrobial resistance and the adverse clinical outcome does exist as supported by many studies worldwide. Therefore, combating and overcoming the antimicrobial resistance in the hospital is the most urgent task to solve. For the purpose of eradicating the antimicrobial resistance, we should use a two-edged sword: antimicrobial stewardship and hospital infection control. Regulation of antimicrobials could prevent the emergence of resistance, While infection control and precaution could contain the further spread of resistant organisms. In addition to these, futher aggressive strategy could be used for some species, e.g., active surveillance and \lquote search and destroy\rquote decolonization for MRSA. In conclusion, continuous education of appropriate antimicrobial prescription, implementation of proper precautions, and systematic approach to the infection control via organization of specialized personnel are sine qua non in overcoming the antimicrobial resistance in the hospital.
Aminoglycosides ; Cephalosporins ; Cross Infection ; Education ; Enterococcus ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Prescriptions ; Prevalence

No abstract available.
Cross Infection*

No abstract available.
Disinfection*

Immature teratoma accounts for less than I percent of all ovarian teratomas and occurs commonly in young individuals, the peak incidence being in the second decade. It contains a variable mixture of mature and immature tissues in which neuroectodermal elements almost always predominate. Gliomatosis peritonei, miliary implants of mature glial tissues on the peritoneum or omentum, is an infrequently reported complication of mature or immature ovarian teratomas. We describe the first case in Korea of a 12-year-old girl with an immature teratoma and numerous glial peritoneal implants.
Incidence

This report describes a case of ileal obstruction in a 31-year-old male with acute abdominal pain. A plain film of the abdomen showed segmental obstruction of small intestine. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the segment. Microscopic examination demonstrated foci of ulceration, submucosal edema, transmural inflammation, mural and neural hyperplasia and noncaseating granulomas, mimicking Crohn's disease. However, there were microabscesses predominantly composed of eosinophils. Furthermore, a section of an adult heterophyid trematode was identified in the crypt. Heterophydiasis usually causes diffuse enteritis. Therefore, this case with intestinal obstruction seems to be a rare manifestation of intestinal heterophydiasis.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

122 cases of the genitourinary tract tumors admitted to the Department of Urology, National Medical Center, during the period, Aug. 1968 to July 1975 and the followings are the results. 1. 122-cases(12.8%) were tumor patient among 954 (male 702, female 252) Total admitted patients during 7 years. 2. Age distribution was from 5 months to 83 years showing the highest incidence in the 7th decade (30.3%) and cases over 41 years of age were 99(81.1%) 3. Sex ratio of male and female was 5.4:1(103:19) 4. In 122 cases, 42 cases{34.4%) were benign, 77 cases(63. 1%) were malignant and remainders were uncertain pathologically. 5. Among 122 cases, 57 cases(46.7%) were vesical, 35 cases(28.7%) prostatic, 19 cases(15.6%) renal, 5 cases(4.1%) penile. 3 cases(2.5%) testicular and 3 cases(2.5%) were urethral tumors. 6. Operations were performed in 114 patients (93.5%).
Age Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Urology

BACKGROUND: Provision of early adequate chest compression remains a standard of care for optimal outcome in cardiopulmonary arrest. Inadequate chest compression during CPR may result in the insufficient blood flow to preserve critical organ function. Therefore, authors performed this study to characterize fatigue-induced deterioration in the adequacy of closed-chest compression performed over period 5 minutes and to determine whether CPR providers recognize the effects of fatigue on compression adequacy. METHOD: Prospectively we carried out the study with an electronic CPR teaching mannequin(ResusciAnnie with Skillmeter; Laerdal) placed on a patient stretcher. The mannequin was equipped with a real-time remote display that records the numbers of total and correct compressions. Compression are judged as correct by the mannequin if both depth and placement are appropriate in keeping with standard advanced cardiac life support guidelines. Our study subjects were 27 nurses and doctors, each with certification of BLS and experience of CPR in ED. Each subject performed a 5 minute session of chest compressions. Also subjects were asked to verbally indicate the point during their 5 minute compression period at which they felt too fatigued to provide effective compressions. For statistical analysis, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA and regression test was used. RESULT: The number of total compressions attempted per minute did not decrease significantly(P=.565). But we found 81.0% of compressions performed during the first 1 minute to be correct. The percentages for minutes 2 through 5 were decreased significantly as follows: 73.0%, 68.0%, 65.0%, 57.0%(P=.0003). Regression analysis revealed a decrement in compression adequacy of 13.0% per minutes after the first 1 minute of compression. The time of indicated fatigue was 220+/-29 seconds(mean+/-SD) CONCLUSION: Although compression rate was maintained over time, chest compression quality declined significantly over the study period. Because CPR providers could not recognize their ability to provide proper compression, cardiac arrest team leaders should carefully monitor compression adequacy and change the CPR providers each 3 minutes during CPR to assure maximally effective care for patients receiving CPR.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Certification ; Fatigue ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Manikins ; Prospective Studies ; Standard of Care ; Thorax

To search the effective antisense oligonucleotide that inhibit the growth of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), six kinds of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODNs) were synthesized and the antiviral activity was assessed by measuring cytopathic effect in Vero cells infected with HSV-1. Of the three dodecamer S-ODNs, cornplernentary to the translation initiation site of IE2 (AS2) and scrambled S-ODN (AS1) showed more significant antiherpetic activity than AS4 complementary to the IE4. Accordingly, the antiviral effect of dodecamer S-ODN was not specific. In contrast to the no inhibitory effect of sense strand S-ODN of ICP8 (AS6), two S-ODNs complementary to the translation initiation site of ICP8 (AS3) and that of IE1 (AS5) showed potent antiherpetic activity assessed in vitro HSV-1 virus yield assay. Antiherpetic effect of AS3 was decreased in proportion to the addition of AS6. The synthesis of viral protein ICPS and IE1 were inhibited in AS3 and AS5 treated HSV-1 infected Vero cells, respectively. These findings suggest that antiherpetic effect of AS3 is specifically mediated by targeting ICPS. S-ODNs had no effect on Vero cell viability. The data suggest that the 19-mer S-ODNs may be effective in antiviral chemotherapy.
Drug Therapy ; Herpes Simplex* ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides* ; Simplexvirus* ; Vero Cells