BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of CV risk factors by cross-tabulating central obesity with multiple BMI categories in Korea. METHODS: A total of 328,789 adults aged 30–84 years who completed health assessments for National Health Insurance in 2012–2013 in Korea were examined. The participants were divided into two WC and five BMI groups to investigate CV risk factors, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS: The proportions of central obesity and obesity were 24.2% and 39.5% in men and 19.4% and 28.1% in women, respectively, according to the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity and World Health Organization Asia-Pacific Guideline criteria. The odds ratios (ORs) of CV risk factors in all sexes increased with increases in BMI and WC. Compared to the group with a normal WC and BMI, the adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) for having MetS and diabetes in the centrally obese and highest BMI group (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m²) were 35.95 (33.75–38.30) and 3.51 (3.26–3.77) in men and 29.22 (27.36–31.20) and 4.35 (4.02–4.70) in women, respectively. Participants who were centrally obese and obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m²) had the strongest correlation with all CV risk factors compared with those who were not centrally obese or obese. CONCLUSION: The presence of central obesity in multiple BMI categories may significantly identify individuals at increased risk of CV risk factors.
Adult ; Body Mass Index* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea* ; Male ; National Health Programs ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal* ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors* ; Waist Circumference ; World Health Organization

Most acinic cell carcinomas arise within the parotid gland: extraparotid origin is rare. We encountered three cases of extraparotid acinic cell carcinoma arising in the buccal or palatal region, or the submandibular gland. All three tumors presented as a painless, slow-growing mass. CT imaging indicated that they were well defined, homogeneously enhanced, round masses. In one case, sonography demonstrated relatively homogeneous low echogenicity.
Acinar Cells* ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell* ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands ; Submandibular Gland

A 48-year-old man visited the emergency room with right hip pain that started abruptly while walking out of the bathroom. Computed tomography showed an intraosseous mass in the femoral neck. The patient had a 15-year history of gout and had numerous bilateral tophi in his hands, feet, knees, and elbows. After operation, we diagnosed a pathological fracture due to intraosseous tophi. Patients with hip pain who have many subcutaneous tophi and long-standing gout should be diagnosed carefully. Peri-hip joint pain caused by gout is uncommon, however, if a patient complains of pain, a simple X-ray may be required. If intraosseous tophi are present, appropriate treatment (e.g., strict hyperuricemia control with or without prophylactic internal fixation), may be required before fracture occurs.
Arthralgia ; Elbow ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Foot ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Gout ; Hand ; Hip ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Knee ; Middle Aged ; Walking

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the incidence and variation of the meniscofemoral ligament in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 MR studies of 95 patients were reviewed with special attention to the appearance and incidence of the meniscofemoral ligaments. The ligament of Wrisberg was classified according to proximal insertion: type I, insertion at the posterofemoral condyle ; type II, insertion at the distal portion of the posteriorcruciate ligament ; type III, insertion at the distal portion of the posterior cruciate ligament. On T2-weighted images, the high signal at the meniscal insertion of the meniscofemoral ligament was classified according to itsshape. RESULTS: The ligament o Humprey was observed in 17 cases and the ligament of Wrisberg was in 90:type I in41 cases;type II, 19 cases;type III, in 28 cases; unclassified, in 2 cases. In 77 cases, the cleft with high signal intensity was seen between the meniscofemoral ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament. CONCLUSION: From our results, the incidence of the ligament of Wrisberg on MRI was moe prevelant than the ligament of Humprey. An exact knowledge of the meniscofemoral ligament could be helpful in distinguishing it from pathologic lesions.
Classification* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Knee ; Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate spatiotemporal evaluation of pERK1/2 protein expression in the forebrain following hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: HI injury was induced by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) and respiration with 5% O2 hypoxic gas for 8 minutes, followed by unilateral release of CCA. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for pERK1/2 protein in the bilateral cortex began to increase at 2 hours, reached peak levels at 6 hours, and then decreased by 24 hours after HI injury. In a cortical neuron, the expression of pERK1/2 protein was observed in all cellular components and processes including dendrites, cell body and nuclei at 6 hours, but persisted only in the cell body by 24 hours after HI injury. Temporal changes in the immunoreactivity for pERK1/2 protein in the hippocampus was very similar to that of the cortex following HI injury. In contrast, the temporal changes in the cellular distribution of pERK12 protein in hippocampal neurons was largely different from that of the cortex following HI injury. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that HI injury causes an early activation of ERK1/2 signaling with a differential cellular distribution of pERK1/2 protein among different forebrain structures. Further study needs to be done in order to elucidate a possible role of ERK1/2 signaling for neural damage in the adult rodent HI model.
Adult ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Dendrites ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Neurons ; Prosencephalon ; Respiration ; Rodentia

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Seoul* ; Urolithiasis*

Kernicterus is a neurologic syndrome, resulting from the preferential deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the globus pallidus, subthalamus, hippocampus, and brain stem. The characteristic finding of kernicterus revealed by T2-weighted MR imaging is irreversible, bilaterally symmetrical high signal intensities in the globus pallidus. We report an atypical case of kernicterus, in which follow-up MR imaging of the globus pallidus demonstrated reversible signal intensity.
Bilirubin ; Brain Stem ; Follow-Up Studies ; Globus Pallidus ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kernicterus* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Subthalamus

PURPOSE: This study describes how often complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies, what patterns of CAM therapies utilization, what types of CAM therapies and why CAM therapies are used in children and adolescent with chronic disease. METHODS: We interviewed and filled out questionnaires with parents of patients suffering from asthma, atopic dermatitis, congenital myopathy, epilepsy and so on from Mar 2004 to Aug 2004. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty two parents answered questionnaires; 160 cases (63.5 percent) had used CAM therapies. Utilization of CAM therapies according to each chronic disease was as follows: congenital myopathy (100 percent), atopic dermatitis (91.1 percent), asthma (72.5 percent), chronic diarrhea (50.0 percent), epilepsy (17.1 percent) etc. Types of CAM therapy were as follows: dietary supplement (31.1 percent), herb medicine (23.4 percent), massage (14.2 percent), acupuncture (4.6 percent) etc. Sixty four (40.0 percent) case underwent more than two types of CAM therapies simultaneously. One hundred thirty three (83.1 percent) case were asked through non-medical prescription. Ninety nine (61.9 percent) case were recognized positive effect of CAM therapies. Parents' and childrens' ages were influential factors in CAM therapies utilization: the older the parents and the younger the children, the higher the utilization. CONCLUSION: Although patients receive treatment with western medicine, many of them not only undergo CAM therapies, especially more than two types, but also recognize the positive effects of CAM therapies. As a result, we suggest that it is easy to use of CAM therapies, and the positive effects of CAM therapies are prominent, domestically. Therefore, medical approach and study about the effectiveness and side effects of CAM therapies is necessary to avoid the imprudent use of such therapies.
Acupuncture ; Adolescent* ; Asthma ; Child* ; Chronic Disease* ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Diarrhea ; Dietary Supplements ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Massage ; Muscular Diseases ; Parents ; Prescriptions ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Angiomyxolipoma is a rare variant of lipoma, which is described by Mai, 1996, at first. The nine cases of which have been reported to date. Microscopically, the lesion consists of adipose tissue with the paucicellular myxoid areas and fat tissue with numerous thin, dilated, and congestive blood vessels. The reported cases mostly located to the superficial layer on the scalp, subungual, extremities in adults. We report one case of angiomyxolipoma located in the submuscular and parosteal area in the distal femur around knee joint in a child.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Blood Vessels ; Child ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Extremities ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Lipoma ; Scalp

No abstract available.
Arthritis* ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy*