OBJECTIVETo evaluate the colorectal cancer incidence among compliers and non-compliers in the population of colorectal cancer screening area, and to provide scientific basis for health economic evaluation of cancer screening.

METHODSBy screening different years build queue, to retrospectively compare the data of colorectal cancer screening from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013 and the data of cancer registration, and to analyze the colorectal cancer incidence rates among screening compliers and non-compliers, and to compare the average intervals between the end of screening and clinical cancer diagnosis using SPSS 19 statistical software. Mantel-Haenszel test was performed with a statistical significance level of α = 0.05.

RESULTSThe non-compliance rate was 38.24% among males and 28.49% among females (P < 0.001). The non-compliance rate was highest in the 40-44 and 70-74 years age groups and lowest in the 50-59 years age group. The compliers of the screening were followed up for 476,049 person-years, and there were 51 cases of colorectal cancer, with an incidence rate of 10.71/100,000. The non-compliers of the screening were followed up for 259 183 person-years, and there were 66 cases of colorectal cancer, with an incidence rate of 25.46/100,000, which was 1.38 times higher than that of the compliance group (χ2 = 21.699, P < 0.001). The incidence rate of colorectal cancer among subjects who were positive in initial screening but refused to receive an electronic colonoscopy was as high as 164.40/100,000, and the average delay time was 20.8 ± 16.8 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe colorectal cancer screening adherence among women is better than among men, and that of 50-54 years and 55-59 years age groups is better than in other age groups. The subsequent incidence rate of colorectal cancer in the non-compliance group is significantly higher than that of the compliance population.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mass Screening ; statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVE：To improve the synthesis of aromatic nitriles.METHOD:Aromatic aldehydes were converted into aromatic nitriles by the ammonium chloride,copper powder,oxygen system in pyridine.RESULTS:Ten aromatic nitriles were synthesized by this method.CONCLUSION:Compared with literatures,this method has following merits:reagents are very convenient and not expensive,operation is simple and the yield is good.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the molecular epidemiology of hemoglobinopathies in Yongzhou area of Hunan province in order to provide a basis for making the guidelines of local thalassemia prevention program.

METHODSTwo thousand and two samples (1001 couples) were randomly recruited based on demographic data and distribution of ethnic groups. All samples were subjected to full blood count and analysis of hemoglobin and 6 common alpha-thalassemia mutations. Known beta-thalassemia mutations were screened in samples with beta-thalassemia trait. The remaining samples with positive phenotype and unknown mutations were subjected to DNA sequence analysis.

RESULTSTwo hundred and forty individuals were found to be carriers of hemoglobinopathic mutations, which included 6 common alpha-thalassemia deletions, 9 common beta-thalassemia mutations and 3 common structural hemoglobin variants. One hundred and seventy-four mutant alleles for alpha-thalassemia were detected, which gave a carrier rate of 8.69%, of which 0.1% was due to HbH disease. Seventy mutant alleles for beta-thalassemia were detected, which gave a carrier rate of 3.50%. Seven subjects (0.35%) were identified as carriers of hemoglobin variants. The overall carrier rate for hemoglobinopathic mutations was 12.54% based on detection of 251 hemoglobinopathy mutant alleles. The overall carrier rate for alpha- and beta-thalassemia among ethnic Yaos was 25.00%, which was significantly higher than that of ethnic Han Chinese (11.14%, P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence and mutation spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in Yongzhou area has been delineated for the first time.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Female ; Hemoglobinopathies ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mutation ; Young Adult

Tyrosol is a natural polyphenolic product that is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries. Currently, the de novo synthesis of tyrosol by Escherichia coli suffers from issues such as low cell density and poor yield. Therefore, the phenylpyruvate decarboxylase mutant ARO10^F138L/D218G obtained in our previous study was fused with an alcohol dehydrogenase from different microorganisms for fusion expression, and the optimal ARO^{10F138L/D218G}-L-YahK produced 1.09 g/L tyrosol in shake flasks. In order to further improve tyrosol production, feaB, a key gene in the competing pathway of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, was knocked out, and the resulted strain produced 1.26 g/L tyrosol with an increase of 21.15% compared to that of the control. To overcome the low cell density in tyrosol fermentation, the quorum-sensing circuit was used to dynamically regulate the tyrosol synthesis pathway, so as to alleviate the toxic effect of tyrosol on chassis cells and relieve the growth inhibition. Using this strategy, the yield of tyrosol was increased to 1.74 g/L, a 33.82% increase. In a 2 L fermenter, the production of tyrosol in the engineered strain TRFQ5 dynamically regulated by quorum-sensing reached 4.22 g/L with an OD₆₀₀ of 42.88. Compared with those in the engineered strain TRF5 statically regulated by induced expression, the yield was increased by 38.58% and the OD₆₀₀ was enhanced by 43.62%. The combination of blocking the competing pathway using gene knockout technology, and reducing the inhibitory effect of tyrosol toxicity on chassis cells through quorum-sensing dynamic regulation increased the production of tyrosol. This study may facilitate the biosynthesis of other chemicals with high toxicity.
Escherichia coli/genetics* ; Biological Products ; Bioreactors ; Fermentation

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the chest orthosis on patients with multiple rib or(and) sternal fracture in early period of closed chest trauma.Methods Patients with multiple fractured of ribs or (and) sternal fracture were divided into control group (n =16)treated with the traditional fixation methods ( thoracic girdle added with folding towels) and experimental group ( n =30 ) treated with chest orthosis between January 2009 and December 2011.Correlated parameters of these patients in the two groups,including pain,indexes of blood gas analysis,pulmonary complications and hospitalization time were evaluated.Results There were significant differences on visual analogue scale(VAS) [ (4.45 ±2.23) vs (8.15 ±2.02),t =2.921,P ＜0.01 ],blood gas analysis including PaO2 [ 88.16 ± 9.12) mm Hg vs (77.22 ± 6.24 ) mm Hg,t =2.413,P ＜0.05] andPaCO2[ (40.91 ±3.40)mm Hg vs (46.06 ±5.40)mm Hg,t =2.335,P＜0.05] between experimental group and control group.The incidence rate of pulmonary complications in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group [ 17％ ( 5/30 ) vs 44％ ( 7/16 ),x2 =23.478,P ＜ 0.05 ].And hospitalization time in experimental group was significantly shorter compared with control group[ (7.26 ± 4.17) d vs ( 14.26 ±3.53)d,t =2.430,P ＜0.05].Conclusion The chest orthosis in early treatment of chest trauma can reduce the pain and improve the condition of patients,and it is a simple,effective and cheap method with significant clinical effect.

Objective To explore a rapid,simple and effective therapy for serious pneumothorax which could be used in pre-hospital and in-hospital first-aid.Methods Sixty-seven patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group .Patients in the observation group were treated using laparoscopic trocar for rapidly closed thoracic drainage,and patients in the control group were treated by using the traditional large caliber drainage tube and the intercostal incision method of conventional closed thoracic drainage.The operation time,remaining time of drainage,length of stay,effective rate,and complications,including of postoperative pain,hemorrhage,subcutaneous emphysema and infection were observed in both groups. Results The total effective rate was 94.1%(32/34) in the observation group,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(90.9%,30/33)(x2=1.876,P＞0.05).No significant difference was found on the remaining time of drainage and length of stay between the two groups(remaining time of drainage:[4.56±1.65]d vs.[6.26±3.45]d;length of stay:(6.0±2.6)d vs.(6.7±2.2)d ,t=1.335 and 0.779,respectively,Ps＞0.05).The operation time of using laparoscopic trocar was significantly lower than that of the control group((5.00±1.28)min vs.(15.00±4.03)min,t=3.031,P＜0.05).The incision length was(0.95±0.11)cm in the observational group,which was significantly lower than that in the control group((2.41±0.52)cm ,t=2.585,P＜0.05).Postoperative pain occurred in 14.7%(5/34) of patients in the observational group,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(87.9%(29/33))(t=2.983,P＜0.05).In the observational group no hemorrhage and infection occurred,whereas in the control group the hemorrhage and infection rate was 36%(12/33) and 33%(11/33),respectively(x2=5.880 and 3.687,respectively,Ps＜0.05). Conclusion The use of laparoscopic trocar for rapidly closed thoracic drainage in the treatment of serious pneu-mothorax is simple,easy,convenient,effective and reliable,with few complications.This therapy is suitable for using in pre-hospital and in-hospital first-aid.

Nano magnetic microspheres prepared by chitosan and poly acylic acid were applied to purifying superoxide dismutase from blood erythrocyte. Chitosan-polyacyilc acid graft copolymer was synthesized by free radical graft copolymerization with potassium persulfate as inititator. To prepare Fe3O4 magnetic fluids with chemical coprecipitation, chitosan-polyacylic nano magnetic microspheres were prepared with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. Structure of nano magnetic microspheres was detected by FT-IR spectrometer. Particle size and morphology were characterized by JEM-4000EX technology. Chitosan-polyacylic nanometer microspheres have good paticle cize distribution, magnetic responsiveness and protein adsoption. Activity, product yield and activity recovery of SOD after purification reached 6 727 U/mg, 21.1%, and 85.7% respectively. Purification of blood superoxide dismutase by chistosan-polyacylic acid microspheres has its renewable and feasible nature.
Chitosan ; chemistry ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; Glutaral ; chemistry ; Magnetics ; Microspheres ; Polymers ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Superoxide Dismutase ; isolation & purification

Objective To study the mechanism of endoplamic reticulum stress(ERS)pretreatment induced by 2-DG on the auditory cortex injury after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,sham group,I/R group,and ERS pretreatment group. Tread occlusion was used to prepare the model of MCAO in the mice for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Neurological assessment was exercised and brain infarction volume was evaluated. The auditory brainstem response was tested. The pathological changes were observed by HE staining. Neurocyte apoptosis was observed by Tunel ,and the apop-tosis index(AI)was determined. Expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the sham group,the neurological scores,ratio of infarct volume and the hearing thresh-olds in I/R group increased significantly. HE staining showed the normal structure disappeared ,and apoptotic index increased significantly. Expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12 protein significantly up-regulated. Compared with I/R group,the indicators above showed improvement to some degrees. Conclusions The ERS pretreatment can alleviate the ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuron apoptosis in auditory cortex ,and reduce the possibility of hearing loss.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of hearing loss after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods A total of 60 healthy male adult SD rats were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups, ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) group and sham operated control, with 30 rats in each group.The rats in I/R group were operated for suture-occluded method to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model, with ischemia for 60 mins followed by reperfusion for 24 hrs.The control group was only to be isolated cervical vessels, with no thread embolism inserted.The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was tested before operation and at 24 hrs post-operation respectively.At 24 hrs post-operation, we scored neurological functions, measured the changes of water content in the brain using the dry-wet weight method, and determined the infarct volume through TTC method.We also evaluated the integrity of blood-brain barrier(BBB) by viewing the exudation of Evans blue and observed the apoptosis of neurocyte by TUNEL method to conclude apoptotic index(AI).The expression of MMP-9,Claudin-5,Occludin and CX-43 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the sham group,the neurological function scores,the infarct volume and water content of the brain increased, with the elevated thresholds of ABR significantly and AI went up in I/R group.The expression levels of MMP-9 and CX-43 were significantly up-regulated,but the expressions of Claudin-5 and Occludin were obviously down-regulated.All of the differences above had statistical significances.Conclusion The mechanism of hearing loss after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats is possibly related to MMPs activation,neurocyte apoptosis,BBB breakage and gap junction damage.

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rh-EPO) on the nerve regeneration of adult rats sciatic nerves. Methods Tirty-six healthy male Wistar rats were involved and left sciatic nerve repaired model was used.The experimental rats were divided randomly into two groups:the EPO group and the control group,18 rats in each group.rh-EPO 3 000 U/kg was injected daily into the abdominal in EPO group,and normal saline was injected into the abdominal every day after operation in control group.On 4 and 8 weeks after operation,these items were determined,the sciatic function index (SFI),biomechanics examination,histological observation,electrophysiological examination,myelinated fibers density and sectional area measurement.Results On weeks 4 after operation,the SFI of EPO group and control group were-65.26 ± 3.42 and-70.83 ± 4.12,respectively,the maximum tensile resistance were (3.86 ± 0.29)N/mm2 and (3.38 ± 0.21 )N/mm2,the delayed ratio of latency of motor nerve were 2.34 ± 0.23 and 2.78 ± 0.29,and the recovery ratio of wave amplitude were 0.23 ± 0.05 and 0.14 ± 0.03 respectively.On eight weeks after operation,the SFI of EPO group and control group were-51.34 ± 2.98 and-57.23 ± 4.86,respcetively,the maximum tensile resistance were (4.67 ± 0.36) N/mm2 and (4.13 ± 0.32) N/mm2,the delayed ratio of latency of motor nerve were 1.32 ± 0.15 and 1.62 ± 0.21,the recovery ratio of wave amplitude were 0.41 ± 0.09 and 0.26 ± 0.07,the nerve fibers cross ratio were 0.57 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.03,and the recovery ratio of sectional area of myelinated fibers were 0.81 ± 0.06 and 0.58 ± 0.03,respectively.Those items in EPO group were significantly superior to those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ＝.Conclusion rh-EPO can promote the injured nerve regeneration and improve the recovery of their function.