Objective To investigate the microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of bloodstream infections in Peking University Third Hospital Methods The clinical, microbiological and epidemiological data of bloodstream infections in Peking University Third Hospital from January lst,2005 to December 31st, 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Differences in proportions were compared using X2 test. Results Six thousand four hundred and eighty-eight blood culture tests for 5 138 episode of bloodstream infections of 3 795 patients were performed. The positive rate was 9.9%. The average incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 40.8 cases per 10 000 hospital admissions. In the 593 pathogens, 483 (81.5%) were pathogens causing nosocomial. The ratio of Gram-positive microbs, Gram-negative ones and fungi (all were Candida spp.) were 38.5%, 54.7%, and 6.8%, respectively. The corresponding ratio of nosocomial pathogens were 42.0%, 49.9% and 8.1%, respectively. The most frequently isolated strain was Escherichia coli (25.3 %). The coagulase negative staphylococcus was the second one (18.8%). The corresponding ratio of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp. , Pseudornonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii and anaerobs were 7.1%, 7.4%, 8.3%, 3.2%, 2.2% and 0.7%, respectively. Ten patients (1.7%) had experienced polymicrobial infection. In hospital setting, Streptococcus spp. And Escherichia coli infections were more frequently in non-intensive care unit (ICU) than ICU (X2= 9.240, P= 0.002; X2= 23.609, P,<0.01; respectively). But the infection rate of Candida spp. Was significantly higher in the ICU (X2= 5.498, P= 0.019). The time interval between hospital admission and onset of infection for the most frequently isolated pathogens ranged from 15.1 days (Escherichia coli) to 29.7 days (Acinetobacter baumannii). The degree of resistance to the common antimicrobal agents had no change in the three years. Conclusions The average incidence rate of nosocomial bloodstream infection is 40.8 cases per 10 000 hospital admissions. The main pathogens are the Gram-negative microbs.

Objective To observe the structure of cognitive injury and the effect of psychologic behavior training on cognitive function in community chronic schizophrenic patients. Methods80 healthy adults (control group) and 76 community chronic schizophrenia patients (research group) were assessed with World Health Organization-battery of cognitive assessment instrument for elderly (WHO-BCAI), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and activities of daily living (ADL) pre- and post-psychologic behavior training. ResultsThere were significant differences in the scores of WHO-BCAI, MMSE, ADL between control group and research group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 12 months after training, all the scores of research group significantly improved compared with that before training (P<0.05 or P<0.01). ConclusionCognitive disorders have occurred in the community chronic schizophrenia patients in wide range. Psychologic behavior training can improve their cognitive function.

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of applying endoscopic incision in the treatment of ureterovesical anastomosis site obstruction in transplanted kidneys. Methods Between February 2001 and April 2008, 13 men and 5 women with ureterovesical anastomotic site obstruction in their transplanted kidneys were treated by endoscopic incision with electrocautery or holmium: YAG laser. After the anastomosis was completely resected, two Double-J stents were placed in the ureter for 6-8 weeks. During follow-up, renal function, ultrasound examination and wash-out renal scintig-raphy were performed every month for the first 6 months, then every 3 months. Results Total 25 procedures of endoureterotomy were performed and all procedures resulted in successful incision of the obstruction. No complication was recorded during or after the procedure. At the mean follow-up of 51 months (range 4-90 months), 5 patients presented with recurred obstructive uropathy immediately after the Double-J stent removal and finally underwent open surgical correction. Conclusions Endo-scopic incision is safe and effective in the treatment of ureterovesical anastomosis site obstruction in transplanted kidney. However, open surgical reconstruction should be considered if endoscopic inci-sion procedure has failed.

Chitosan has natural abundance, unique bioactivity and attractive physicochemical properties. Recent years, the synthesis of chitosan-based metal nanomaterials has attracted increasing attention. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles utilizing biomolecular or organism offers a mild medium, and thus a greater degree of control over the nanoparticles produced, along with higher reproducibility. In particular, preparation of metal nanoparticles based on biomolecular or organism has its unique facility in integrating "minimum feature sizes" into labile biological components to an excellent synergy and bifunctional effect and consequently a more broad application. Herein, we review the new development of chitosan, chitosan-based synthesis of metal nanomaterials, and their application.
Catalysis ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of SOX2 in laryngeal carcinoma and analyze the relation of SOX2 and clinical factors. METHOD: We measured the expression of SOX2 protein in 45 laryngeal carcinoma fresh samples and 45 paracarcinoma tissues (cutting margin > 0.5 cm) with flow cytometer (Epics-XL II), 20 normal laryngeal mucosa samples were also studied as controls. RESULT: The quantitative and qualitative expression of SOX2 protein in laryngeal carcinoma tissues was obviously higher than those in paracarcinoma and in normal laryngeal mucosa tissues respectively (P < 0 05). There was no significant difference between the expression of paracarcinoma and normal laryngeal mucosa tissues. In laryngeal carcinoma, the expression of SOX2 protein wasn't significantly related to patients' clinical classification, tumor size, smoking history, patients' age and sex but related to metastasis, pathological grade and clinical stage. CONCLUSION The high expression of SOX2 may contribute to the carcinogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma. It is an important index of judging metastasis and staging and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma to measure the expression of SOX2 protein.
Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; metabolism

Objective To summarize our experience with surgical management of renal neoplasm involving inferoir veno cava.Methods We review the data of 115 patients,including 74 male patients and 41 female patients,with renal neoplasm involving venous system between March 1993 and December 2015.The mean age was 52 years old,ranging 22 to 77 years old.The tumor was found in right side in 77 cases and left side in 38 cases.There were 15 patients (13.0％) with renal vein thrombus,38 (33.1％) with infrahepatic thrombus,29 (25.2％) with low retrohepatic thrombus,20 (17.4％) with high retrohepatic thrombus,and 13 (11.3％) with supradiaphragmatic thrombus.The mean age was 52 years old,ranging 22 to 77 years old.The tumor was found in right side in 77 cases and left side in 38 cases.All patients accepted the radical nephrectomy.Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS),and cancer special survival (CSS) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) estimated by Kaplan-Meier method.Secondary outcome included operative and oncological features,past-operative complications and hospital mortality.Cox proportional hazard model was used to univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factor impacting on OS of RCC patients.Results Complete resections of renal neoplasm with tumor thrombus were achieved in 113 patients (98.3％),2 patients died intraoperatively due to the dropping of thrombus.Postoperative complication rate was 16.8％.Hospital mortality was 2.6％.Mean follow-up interval was 48 months.OS rates at 5-,and 10-year in RCC patients were 66.5％,and 61.8％,respectively.Metastasis was an independent risk factor affecting on OS (P =0.000).However,the level of thrombus was not an risk factor affecting the prognosis.Conclusions Radical resection of renal tumor and caval thrombus is an effective treatment for prolonging survival in patients with RCC extending into venous system.Retrohepatic caval tumor thrombus below or above the main hepatic vein should be dichotomized and managed respectively with diverse techniques.Metastatic rather than the level of thrombus was a risk factor impacting on RCC patient survival.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of chest imaging and prognosis in pneumoconiosis patients in tin smelting workers. METHODS: Ten pneumoconiosis patients working with tin smelting were examined by chest X-ray,computed tomography( CT) photography and dynamic observation on pulmonary imaging to analyze their characteristics and prognosis. RESULTS: There were mild clinical manifestations and no tuberculosis in these 10 cases of tin smelting pneumoconiosis patients. There was no obvious change on the pulmonary ventilation function change. The high k V X-ray chest observation results showed that the circular shadow was the primary small shadow of the two lungs,that were mostly distributed in the medium and upper lung zones of both lungs. In most cases,we found lung texture distortion,deformation or increase,blurred,hilar shadow increased thickening,lymph node calcification,individualized eggshell. There was no pleural changes and emphysema changes. There was no significant change found in 5-10 years of dynamic observation except for 1 case of increased small shadow. The chest CT examination in 2011 showed 2-5 mm nodular shadows. Among them,we found 7 cases of small nodules from the upper lobe evenly distributed to the middle of the lobe,the lower back lobe of the lungs,lower basal ganglia lesions decreased,lesions were diffuse distribution of the whole lung,and the small nodules in 3 cases. Interval lobular thickening at varying degrees were found in 5 cases,lobular central or apoptotic pulmonary emphysema were found in 4 cases,and 1 case of pulmonary bullae formation was found. The results of chest CT examination in 2016 showed 2 cases of diffuse pulmonary nodules,3 cases of thickening of lobular septum and 2 cases of pulmonary emphysema compared with the CT result in 2011. CONCLUSION: There was no obvious lung small shadow absorption found in tin smelting pneumoconiosis patients after 5 to 10 years of X-ray dynamic observation,and progress of lesions could be seen. CT examination is helpful for follow-up observation in tin smelting pneumoconiosis.