Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous pericardial drainage with indwelling catheter via the puncturing route of left sternal broader in the third or fourth interspace Methods In the 38 patients with moderate to large pericardial effusion, the pericardial echo free space and the forecasted puncturing distance were measured with two dimensinal echocardiolgraphy (2DE) prior to pericardiocentesis in the three sites: subxiphoid, cardiac apex and the left sternal broader in the third or fourth interspace Under the guidance of 2DE, pigtail catheters were percutaneously indwelled for pericardial drainage via the location of left sternal broader in the third or fourth interspace Results Among the three sites, there were no difference of echo free space measured by 2DE, and the forecasted distance of advancing needle examined in left sternal broader was the smallest The procedures of indwelling catheter drainage for pericardial effusion were successfully performed in all the 38 patients Catheters lying in posterior pericardium were found in 94 8% of the patients (36/38) There were no cases with puncturing related complications, effusion leaking into pleurum or subcutaneous tissue Only 1 case was complicated with neural mediated syncope on the third day after indwelling catheter Conclusion Pericardiocentesis using left sternal broader route is a safe and simple approach for indwelling catheter drainage in patients with pericardial effusion This route may be a promising option for clinical use widely

Objective This study compared the cleaning effect of gastroscope by different cleaning mehtods and discuss practical and reliable evaluation method for the cleaning degree of gastroscope.Methods Three cleaning methods were selected and used in the cleaning of gastroscope.The Endocheck lumen was used to examine the cleaning degree of gastroscope and the effects of different methods were compared. Results The qualification rate by using ordinary cleaning method was 50.0%and it reached 60.0%and 73.3%by elevation of polyenzyme concentration and adding bedside pre-washing.which Was statistically different from that by using ordinary cleaning method(P＜0.05).Conclusions Bedside pre-washing could increase the cleaning degree of gastroscope;Endocheck lumen could be regarded as an evaluation method for the cleaning degree of gastroscope.

Objective: To study the cytocompatibility of nanophase alumina ceramics with osteoblasts. Methods: Alumina ceramics were prepared via wet chemistry techniques. The grain size of alumina of interest in the present study was determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy with image analysis software. Primary osteoblast culture was established from rat calvaria. Protein content, synthesis of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and deposition of calcium-containing mineral by osteoblasts cultured on nanophase alumina ceramics and conventional alumina ceramics for 7, 14, 21 and 28 d were respectively examined. Results: The average surface grain size of the nanophase and conventional alumina compact formulations was 60 nm and 1.80 ?m respectively.Synthesis of ALP and deposition of calcium-containing mineral were significantly greater by osteoblasts cultured on nanophase than those on conventional ceramics after 21- and 28- day culture. Conclusions: Nanophase alumina may stimulate ALP synthesis and calcium deposition of osteoblasts.

Objective To investigate the effects of genistein used alone and in combination with cisplatin on the treatment of human ovarian carcinoma transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Methods Nude mouse model of human ovarian carcinoma transplanted subcutaneously was established. A total of 30 mice were divided into 5 groups: control group (0 04% saline), genistein group (subcutaneous injection of genistein at 0 2 mg/kg and 0 4 mg/kg), cisplatin group (intravenous injection of cisplatin at 4 mg/kg), and genistein plus cisplatin group. The growth of the subcutaneously transplanted tumor and changes of mouse body weight in each group after treatment using different medication regimens were observed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. Histopathological examination was also conducted. Results Genistein (0 4 mg/kg) had significantly inhibitory effect on the transplanted xenograft growth in vivo . Tumor volume, tumor weight, and T/C ratio (mean volume of treated group/mean volume of control group) decreased. Significantly enlarged necrotic areas were found in genistein treated group. The weight loss of nude mice after treatment with genistein was not significantly different from in the control group. Conclusion Genistein has the inhibitory effect on the growth of human ovarian carcinoma transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Genistein (0 4 mg/kg) in combination with cisplatin (4 mg/kg) has a synergistic effect on xenograft of human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV 3 in nude mice. The results provide the evidence for the potential usefulness of genistein for the prevention and treatment of human ovarian carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the inhibition effects of c erbB 2 and c raf 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) combined transfection on the human ovarian epithelial cancer transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice Methods There were 7 groups: normal control group,c erbB 2 sense observed group,c raf 1 sense observed group,c erbB 2 antisense observed group,c raf 1 antisense observed group,whole dose combined group,half dose combined group Human ovarian epithelial cancer cells SKOV3 were treated by different oligodeoxynucleotides,then transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice,respectively The changes of tumor volume were observed and the tumor growth inhibitory rate was calculated Results There was no difference between sense observed group and normal control group There was a larger growth inhibitory rate in whole dose combined group and half dose combined group,the first time that can be detected was 13 7 days and 15 2 days,and the maximum tumor growth inhibitory rates were 61 1% and 71 3%,respectively Conclusions The results suggested that ASODN combined transfection can inhibit the tumorigenesis of ovarian epithelial cancer cells in nude mice,it may be a more useful gene therapy for the ovarian epithelial carcinoma

There exist some problems in the medical level of the doctors who work in the medical and health institutions of rural areas. How to train them to have the appropriate skills is the hot spot issue to be studied. The researchers sum up a set of training methods suitable for the doctors who work in the medical and health institution of rural areas, namely the simulated training model of top seeds, the follow-up training model for the key medical institutions and the object-oriented training model for the team. If these three methods are combined with each other, it will be beneficial to the popularity and training of the rural health appropriate technology and it will also help enhancing the service level and ability of the medical workers in grassroots health-care institutions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection pathogens.METHODS The data of pathogen′s origin and antibacterial resistance of Intensive Care Unit(ICU) inpatients from Apr 2008 to Mar 2009 in a Hospital were analyzed.RESULTS There were 226 strains pathogens isolated from 116 nosocomial infection cases,from which the Gram-negative bacteria were predominate(63.27%).The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii was the highest in Gram-negative bacteria,more than 70% isolates resistant to almost antibacterial.The main Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,and the rate of meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) was 41.3%.All S.aureus were sensitive to vancomycin and Linezolid.CONCLUSIONS To control the antibacterial resistance of pathogens and decrease the nosocomial infection,it is important to strengthen the appropriate use of antibiotics.

Objective To understand the functional status and radiation protection requirements of helical tomotherapy (TOMO) unit when it is applied in clinic treatment so as to promote the construction of TOMO quality control system.Methods A helical tomotherapy unit with a type of tomotherapy Hi-Art was employed as the radiotherapy unit.A series of tests and analyses on dosimetric and radiation safety performance parameters of the TOMO unit were conducted with the use of a A1SL ionization chamber,a set of solid water equivalent phantoms and other test equipments.The performance parameters were compared with that of a conventional 6 MV accelerator with a type of ARTISTE.Results The deviations of static and dynamic output dose were-1.51％ and 1.18％,respectively.The values of PDD10/PDD1.5 and PDD20/PDD1.5 were 0.608 and 0.318 within the range of X-ray quality parameters calibration.Under the different field conditions of 40 cm × 5 cm,40 cm × 2.5 cm and 40 cm × 1 cm,the stability of transverse/longitudinal dose distribution curve was no more than 1.20％ and the offset distance of Jaw width was smaller than 0.5 mm.Radiation leakage ratio of the treatment rotating center from the muhileaf collimator (MLC) was 0.20％.No matter the average or the maximum value of the leakage radiation from couch plane was less than 0.02％.Conclusions The performances and testing requirements of TOMO unit are different from a conventional electron linear accelerator,the quality control index of TOMO unit should be set seperately and tested strictly in terms of the specific requirements of the unit by complying with the QC programme.The reliable quality control system should be established and effectively implemented to serve the radiotherapy quality and radiation safety effectively in the tomotherapy.

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of double-channel flexible ureteroscopy and electronic flexible ureteroscopy.Methods From April 2007 to 2016 July, clinical data of 836 cases flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were collected. All the patients were randomly divided into electronic lfexible ureteroscopy group (n = 427) and double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy group (n = 409), the operation time, success rate of surgery, complications, residual stone rate of the two groups were compared.Results The success rate of surgery was 92.5% and 83.6% of the two groups respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.05); postoperative systemic inlfammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were occurred in 10 cases and 13 cases respectively, which were cured and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the average operation time was (81.1 ± 7.9) min and (95.3 ± 7.6) min respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.05); The formation of stone street of electronic lfexible ureteroscopy group and double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy group were 17 cases and 25 cases. The residual stone rate of electronic flexible ureteroscopy group and double-channel flexible ureteroscopy group were 6 cases and 8 cases, of them were cleared after extracorporeal shockwave lithotrips (ESWL). There were no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Both double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy and electronic lfexible ureteroscopy are effective and safe therapeutic modalities. Electronic flexible ureteroscopy is better than double-channel lfexible ureteroscopy in success rate of surgery because of its high deifnition and lfexible operation.

Objective To study the radiation dose level and dose distribution of leakage and scattering radiation in a helical tomotherapy (TOMO) room,and to identify the dose distribution characteristic which is different from the conventional radiotherapy so as to provide scientific data for the radiation protection of TOMO.Methods A helical tomotherapy facility typed Tomotherapy Hi-Art was employed as the radiotherapy device.The air kerma from leakage radiation and scattering radiation distributed on the couch plane and in TOMO room were detected mainly by GR-200A TLDs of LiF(Mg,Cu,P),while 100 Gy were being accumulated under the condition of simulation radiation treatment.Then,the leakage radiation ratio and scattering-leakage radiation ratio (the ratio of site radiation dose to isocenter standard output dose) were calculated.Results The radiation level and dose distribution of leakage radiation and scattering radiation in the TOMO treatment room were in bilateral symmetry to the rotation isocenter and the treatment couch longitudinal axis,and the radiation level in front of the radiotherapy device was significantly higher than that of the rear of the TOMO equipment.In the plane of treatment couch,the maximum leakage radiation ratio at the position 100 cm away from the isocenter was only 1.3 × 10-4,and the mean value of the leakage radiation ratio at the position 300 cm away from the isocenter was lower than 2.0 × 10-5.The scattering radiation at 200-300 cm away from the isocenter was accounted for 25％-30％ of the leakage radiation from the responding sites,and the indoor scattering radiation decreased faster than leakage radiation with the distance from the isocenter.Conclusions The radiation level of leakage and scattering in a TOMO room is significantly lower than that in a conventional radiotherapy room.