Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient in the evaluation of sinonasal masses.Methods Sixty-seven sinonasal solid masses over 1 cm in diameter confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed,all patients underwent preoperative routine MRI with DWI,the ADC values were measured in ROI within the solid mass.The patients were divided into benign and malignant groups by the histopathology,according to pathological findings,the patients were further divided into the hematolymphoid tumors,the malignancy of epithelium and mesenchymal tissue,the benign tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue,and vasogenic masses.ANOVA test and t test were used to compare the ADC values of different groups.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was constructed using various cut points of ADC for different parameters to confirm the diagnostic threshold value and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.Results All lesions were solitary.There were 22 malignant tumors,of which 6 lesions were hematolymphoid tumors and 16 lesions malignancy from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue.There were 45 benign tumors,of which 22 lesions were benign tumors from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue and 23 lesions vasogenic masses.The mean ADC value of malignant and benign masses was(0.88 ± 0.26) × 10-3 mm2/s and (1.54 ± 0.41) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively.There was statistically significant differences between them (t =6.897,P ＜ 0.01).The mean ADC value was(0.63 ± 0.10) × 10-3 mm2/s in hematolymphoid tumors,(0.97 ±0.24) × 10 3 mm2/s in malignancy from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue,(1.38 ± 0.23) × 10-3 mm2/s in benign tumors from epithelium and mesenchymal tissue,(1.68 ± 0.49) × 10-3 mm2/s in vasogenic masses respectively.There was statistically significant difference among all 4 groups(F =22.788,P ＜ 0.01),and the differences between any 2 groups were still statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).The area under the ROC calculated was 0.945.Using an ADC value of 1.08 × 10-3 mm2/s as the threshold value for differentiating malignant from benign lesions,the best result obtained had a sensitivity of 81.8％ (18/22),specificity of 97.8％ (44/45),accuracy of 92.5 ％ (62/67).Conclusion The ADC value is a valuable tool in differentiating benign from malignant masses and different kinds of masses in sinus and nasal cavity.

Objective To study the effects of whole-body irradiation(WBI)with different doses of X-rays on apoptosis in mouse splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages.Methods The apoptosis percentages of mouse splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages were detected with flow cytometry(FCM)at different time after the whole-body X-irradiation using the staining of Annexin-V and PI.Results As compared with the control,the percentage of apoptosis in mouse splenocytes began to increase gradually 24 h after WBI with 2 Gy X-rays(P

Objective To study the influence of sampling,handling,shipping and storage on low-molecular-weight serum proteome profiling.Methods Serum samples instantly separated and aliquoted,some stored at-80 ℃ for up to 6 months,others stored at 4 ℃ or room temperature(25 ℃) for 2 to 72 hrs.The variations of protein profiling under these conditions on WCX magnetic beads were studied.Profiling influenced by hemolysis,multi freeze-thaw cycles,storage conditions.Results Different handling procedures and storage conditions have different effects on serum profiling.Serum stored at-80 ℃ up to 6 months,stored at 4 ℃ or 25 ℃ for 2 h or one freeze-thaw cycle,had little effects on serum proteomic analysis.If serum diluted into 9 mol/L urea buffer at room temperature,the result is stable for 24 hours.Statistics analysis shows that 35.9% peaks have significant changes(P

Objective To explore the features of inflammatory pseudotumor in the maxillary sinus on CT and MRI.Methods The CT and MRI data of 8 patients with histology-proven inflammatory pseudotumor in the maxillary sinus were retrospectively analyzed.All 8 patients underwent CT scans and 7 of them also underwent MRI examinations.In addition, the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)MR imaging were analyzed in 3 patients.Results Two cases had lesions in the left maxillary sinus, while the others showed lesions in the right maxillary sinus.All the lesions showed irregular shape with well-defined margins in 5 cases and hazy margins in 3 cases.The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 51 mm (ranged from 29 mm to72 mm).On non-enhanced CT, the lesions were isodense to gray matter in 6 and slightly hypodense in 1 patients.Only 2 patients had post-contrast CT with moderate enhancement of their lesions.The lesions caused adjacent bony absorption and destruction with residual bony sclerosis.On MR T_1 WI, inflammatory pseudotumor showed hypointense in 2 patients and isointense in 5 cases in relative to gray matter.On T_2 WI, the lesions revealed inhomogeneous hypointense in 6 patients and isointense in 1 patients.Inflammatory pseudotumor showed heterogeneously slight contrast enhancement in 2 cases and moderate enhancement in 5 cases.The TIC showed a steady enhancement pattern in 3 patients.The lesions extended to nasal cavity in 6 cases, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa in 4, orbit in 4, and cheek in 3 cases.Six patients underwent follow-up for 2-5 years after surgery and 2 of them were found to have recurrence.In comparison to CT, MRI was proved to show the extent of the lesions more clearly.Conclusions Bony destruction with sclerosis and hypointense signal on MR T_2 WI are typical manifestations of inflammatory pseudotumor in the maxillary sinus.Combined CT and MRI can provide clinicians with more comprehensive information for the diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up of these lesions.

Objective To clone and construct the recombinant plasmid containing Jo-1 of HepG2 cells,then purify the protein and identify the immunoreactivity of the recombinant protein.and establish the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELSA)to detect Jo-1 autoantigen correlative antibodies in diagnosis of polymyositis/dermatomyositis.Methods The constructed plasmid was transformed into E.coli.DH5α and BL21(DE3).This fusion protein was purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and its immunnoreactivity was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.ELISA with the fusion protein was established to detect the Jo-1 autoantigen correlative antibodies in sernm samples of 75 patient with PM/DM,30 patients with SLE.30 patients with RA,10 patients with SS and 30 normal controls.Results The sequence of Jo-1 autoantigen gene Was the same as the sequence reported on the literatures.SDS-PAGE gel analysis showed the molecular weisat of fusion protein was approximately 55 000 Da. Western blotting analysis showed that the fusion protein had the same immunoreactivity as human Jo-1 autoantigen.The results of ELISA indicated that the positive rate of anti-Jo-1 antibody was 28%.but the antibody was negative in other controls.There was significant difierence of positivity of the autoantibody between PM/DM and disease controls or normal controls (x2=31.84,P＜0.01).Conclusions The plasmid containing Jo-1 is successfully cloned into E.coli.DH5α and BL21 (DE3).EUSA analysis shows its good antigenicity and specificity.

Objective To study the CT and MRI findings of hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps. Methods The imaging data of 17 cases with hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. CT was performed in 14 cases, MRI in 16 cases, of which 15 also underwent contrast-enhanced MRI. Results All 17 lesions with well-circumscribed margin originated in the areas of maxillary sinus ostia and extended into adjacent nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. The lesions appeared as lobular shape in 16 cases and oval shape in 1 case. On non-enhanced CT, 14 lesions showed heterogenous soft tissue density masses, the hyperdense strip and nodule were detected on the periphery and in the center of 2 lesions respectively. All the involved bony walls were compressed and remodeled with focal defect,especially in the medial wall of maxillary sinus. On MRI, all 16 lesions revealed inhomogenous signal. The central region of the lesions appeared hypointense signal on T_1WI compared to gray matter and hyperintense signal on T_2WI with line-like hypointense signal septa in 14 cases, the irregular hypointense signal rims were also found on the periphery of 15 lesions on T_2WI, postcontrast MR imaging showed strongly inhomogenous enhancing masses with non-enhancing hypointense rim, the appearances of enhancement showed multiple nodules in 10 cases, patches in 4 cases and leaf-like in 1 case. The typical simple polyps were present in the ipsilateral nasal cavity of the lesions in 4 cases, extending into nasal vestibule anteriorly and choana posteriorly. On dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in 11 cases, the timeintensity curves (TIC) showed increasing enhancement type in 7 cases and rapid enhancement and slow wash-out type in 4 cases. Conclusion The inhomogenous hyperintensity surrounded by the peripheral hypointense rim on MR T_2WI and marked nodular and patchy enhancement appearance are typical features of hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps. CT is helpful to judge the nature of lesions, but difficultly confirms the diagnosis, while MRI should be the imaging modality of first choice for hemorrhagic and necrotic nasal polyps.

Objective To investigate the association of TGF-β receptor typeⅡ(TβRⅡ)mRNA with lupus nephritis (LN) and disease activity by testing its expression levelin peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Methotis Forty-four patients with LN were included in this study.They were all had active LN.Twepty-eight LN patients were taking glueocorticoids and/or immunosuppressive agents and sixteen had never taken steroids or immunosuppressive agents.The expression levels of T13R H mRNA were semi-quantitativelydetermined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Resuits The expression levels of TβRⅡ mRNA in PBMCs from LN patients(1.7±1.0)were lower than those of non-lupus nephritis(4.0±3.1) and healthy subiects(4.1±2.5),(P<0.01).The difference of the expression levels between patients who took and had never taken glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressive drugs was significantly statistically(P<0.05).The expression levels of TβRⅡ mRNA in PBMCs of patients with LN were correlated significantly with the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI)scores(r-0.309.P<0.05),titers of anti-dsDNA antibody(r=-0.401,P<0.01)and serum complement C3 level(r=0.621,P<0.01).Conclusion This study suggests that TβRⅡ may be involved in the development of LN,and the TβRⅡ mRNA expression levels in PBMCs from patients with SLE are significantly correlated with LN activity.Glucocortieoids or immunosuppressive drugs can increase the expression levels of TβRⅡ mRNA and ameliorate renal damage.

Objective To determine the CT and MRI features of the sinonasal cavity. Methods The CT and MRI of nine patients with histologically proved hemangiopericytoma in the sinonasal cavity were retrospectively reviewed. All nine patients underwent CT and seven of them underwent MRI. In addition, the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI were analyzed in three patients. Results The lesions were from the nasal cavity in 5 cases, the maxillary sinus in 3 cases, and the sphenoid sinus in one case. The lesions appeared spindle in 4 cases, oval in 3, and irregular in 2. The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 31 mm (range, 15 to 52 mm). Seven hemangiopericytomas had welldefined margins and 2 had ill-defined margins. On plain CT, the lesions were isodense to gray matter in six (66. 7% ) and slightly hyperdense in three (33. 3% ) patients. Only two patients had post-contrast CT and the tumors showed marked enhancement. The lesions caused adjacent bony compression and absorption in 7 cases and bony destruction in 2. On MR T1WI, hemangiopericytomas appeared hypointense in 3 (42. 8% ) patients and isointense in 4 (57. 2% ) patients. On T2WI, the lesions appeared hyperintense in three (42.8%) patients and isointense in four (57.2%) patients. On T1WI, all the lesions showed relatively homogeneous signal, while 2 lesions revealed heterogeneous signal on T2WI. Hemangiopericytomas showed marked homogeneous contrast enhancement in 4 cases and heterogeneous contrast enhancement in 3.TIC showed a steady enhancement pattern in 3 patients. The lesions involved the orbit in 2 cases and,cavernous sinus, anterior skull base meninge, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa in one case. Five patients underwent follow-up for two to eight years after surgery. Two patients were found to have recurrence.Conclusions Marked enhancement and steady enhancement pattern of TIC on MRI are typical manifestations of hemangiopericytoma of the sinonasal cavity. Bone changes may help to identify the nature of the lesion. Imaging can accurately detect the scope of hemangiopericytoma in this region.

Objective To detect the value of autoantibedy profile in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Methods 96 serum samples of patients with primiary biliary cirrhosis, 100 serum samples of other antoimmune disease and 49 serum samples of healthy were tested for anti- M2, anti-3E(BPO), anti-Sp100,anti-PML,anti-gp210,anti-LKM-1 ,anti-LC-1 ,anti-SLA/LP by EUROLine. Results The positive of the anti-M2,anti-BPO, anti-Sp100, anti-PML and anti-gp210 for PBC was 76. 0%, 84.4%, 32. 3%, 28. 1% and 35.4% ,respectively. The positive of the anti-M2, anti-BPO, anti-Sp100, anti-PML and anti-gp210 for other autoimmune disease was 13.0% ,9. 0% ,3.0% ,2.0% and 1. 0%, respectively. The sensitivity of the anti-M2 for PBC was 76. 0% ,with specificity of 87. 0%. The sensitivity of the anti-BPO for PBC was 84. 4%, with specificity of 91.0% ;the sensitivity of the anti-Sp100 for PBC was 32. 3%, with specificity of 97.0%. The sensitivity of the anti-PML for PBC was 28. 1% ,with specificity of 98.0%. The sensitivity of the anti-gp210 for PBC was 35.4%, with specificity of 99. 0% . Anti-LKM-1, anti-LC-1, anti-SLA/LP positive patients with PBC were not detected;the incidence rate of liver function failure in anti-gp210 positive serum higher than anti-gp210 negative serum (χ2 = 11.17, P < 0. 01). Conclusions Multiple autoantibedies can be detected in the sera of PBC patients. The detection of autoantibody profile is useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PBC, and may he helpful for therapy and prognosis of PBC.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of eostimulating factor B7-H4 in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and the pathogenesis of PBC. Methods The expression of B7-H4 mRNA on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of 65 patients with PBC was tested by real-time PCR. Serum levels of IL-2 were assayed by ELISA. CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes expression level and B7-H4 expression rate before and after activation were measured by three-color flow cytometry (FCM). Re-sults (1) Expression of B7-H4 mRNA and BT-H4 percentage in PBC group were significantly lower than that in none-PBC group and healthy controls(P<0.01);(2)After 72 h activation, the percentage of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+ CD8+T lymphoeytes and serum levels of IL-2 decreased (P<0.05), and the percentage of CD4+, CD4+ CD8+T lymphocytes and serum levels of IL-2 were significantly higher than that of none-PBC group and healthy controls(P<0.01);(3)Levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate amin-otransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT) of patients with posi-tive anti-mitochondrial antibody(AMA)-M2 rose. There was no significant difference of B7-H4 expressions on T cells between patients either with or without AMA-M2 antibody. Conclusion The costimulating factor B7-H4 can express on T lymphocytes which is activated by phytohemagglatinin(PHA) aad plays a negative role on T cells responses.