Objective To determine the optimal dose range of naloxone to enhance the analgesic effect of morphine.Methods One half of a total of 84 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into seven groups(6 rats for each group).Rats in group NS received normal saline,and in group M received 6mg/kg of morphine.Different doses of naloxone(1?g/kg,100ng/kg,10ng/kg,1ng/kg and 0.1ng/kg)with 6mg/kg of morphine were given to the rats in group MN1,group MN2,group MN3,group MN4 and group MN5.Pain thresholds were determined at different time points before and after subcutaneous injection of normal saline or morphine or mixture of the drugs(morphine and naloxone).Another 42 rats were randomly assigned into seven groups similar to the above grouping,but the morphine doses for group M and groups MN were changed to 2mg/kg.Acute pain was prodused by an in cision on the hind paw.Then they were given subcutaneous injection of the drugs in different doses as categorized above.Cumulative pain scores were observed within an hour.Results Compared with group NS,the pain thresholds of all the other groups were significantly increased at the time points from 5 minutes to 120 minutes after subcutaneous injection(P0.05).Conclusions Low-dose of naloxone can enhance the analgesic effect of morphine,and the dose range 1ng/kg~100ng/kg may be acceptable.Dose of 1?g/kg naloxone may antagonize the analgesic effect of morphine,while dose of 0.1ng/kg naloxone,perhaps,is too low to show an effect.

0.5 mV and change in color of myocardium. Blood samples were taken from right atrium for determination of plasma SOD activity and plasma MDA level and from coronary sinus and artery for determination of blood lactate level before occlusion of LAD ( T0 ) , before reperfusion (T1),1,2,3,4,5,6 h after reperfusion (T2-7 ) . Myocardial lactate production was calculated from the difference between coronary sinus and arterial blood lactate concentrations. Results ( 1) In HTEA group HR, MAP and CVP decreased by 22% , 25% and 28% after epidural blockade, while in control group there was no significant change after epidural saline. (2) In HTEA group plasma SOD activity started increasing at T6 and blood MDA level decreased at T4 and T5, whereas in control group blood SOD activity started decreasing and blood MDA level started increasing at T3 . (3) Myocardium released no lactate before ischemia. Myocardial lactate release greatly increased during ischemia and started decreasing after reperfusion in both groups. But myocardial lactate production was significantly less in HTEA group than that in control group. (4) One animal died from ventricular fibrillation at the beginning of reperfusion in HTEA group while in control group four animals died. Conclusion HTEA can alleviate the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injyry by blocking sympathetic nervous activity.

Objective To study the effects of whole-body irradiation(WBI)with different doses of X-rays on apoptosis in mouse splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages.Methods The apoptosis percentages of mouse splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages were detected with flow cytometry(FCM)at different time after the whole-body X-irradiation using the staining of Annexin-V and PI.Results As compared with the control,the percentage of apoptosis in mouse splenocytes began to increase gradually 24 h after WBI with 2 Gy X-rays(P

Objectives To investigate the ratios of peripheral blood CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD25+ regulative T cells, and explore the association with hepatic damnification and anti-AMA-M2 antibodies.Methods The percentage of CD4+CD8+T cells and CD4+CD25+T cells in peripheral blood from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) (n=27)、26 patients with other hepatic desease、30 normal individuals were measured by flowcytometry.Results Patients with PBC had statistically higher levels of CD4+CD25+T cells than the patients with other hepatic disease (P

Objective To study the influence of sampling,handling,shipping and storage on low-molecular-weight serum proteome profiling.Methods Serum samples instantly separated and aliquoted,some stored at-80 ℃ for up to 6 months,others stored at 4 ℃ or room temperature(25 ℃) for 2 to 72 hrs.The variations of protein profiling under these conditions on WCX magnetic beads were studied.Profiling influenced by hemolysis,multi freeze-thaw cycles,storage conditions.Results Different handling procedures and storage conditions have different effects on serum profiling.Serum stored at-80 ℃ up to 6 months,stored at 4 ℃ or 25 ℃ for 2 h or one freeze-thaw cycle,had little effects on serum proteomic analysis.If serum diluted into 9 mol/L urea buffer at room temperature,the result is stable for 24 hours.Statistics analysis shows that 35.9% peaks have significant changes(P

0.05).The apoptotic percentage was increased significantly after X-rays irradiation with the dose of 6 Gy(P

Objective: To investigate the ratios of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+,CD4+CD8+ regulative T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients, and explore the association with disease active stage,nephropathy,serum anti-ds-DNA antibody,and both IgG and C3 levels. Methods: The percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells and CD4+CD8+T cells of peripheral blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)(30 females and 7 males),30 rheumatism controls and 30 normal individuals were measured by flowcytometry. Results: Patients with active disease had statisitically lower levels of CD4+CD25+T cells than did normal controls(P

Four patients with coexistence of sarcoidosis and primary Sj(o)gren syndrome (pSS) were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were female,who were referred to our department mainly because of respiratory symptoms.Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) was detected in 2 patients and anti-Sj(o)grens syndrome A (SSA) antibody positive in 1 patient.All patients presented specific histologic patterns of both sarcoidosis and pSS.Publications related to coexistence of these two diseases were reviewed.Forty-one patients were finally included in the analysis,among whom 37 confirmed patients were from literature search.There were 37 women and 4 men.The main clinical features presentation were xerophthalmia in 40,xerostomia in 38,hilaradenopathies in 28,interstitial lung disease in 15,respiratory symptoms in 13.The main immunologic data were positive ANA in 23,SSA antibody in 19,anti-Sj(o)grens syndrome B antibody in 10 and rheumatoid factor in 12.All patients presented specific histologic patterns of both diseases.Patients with both sarcoidosis and pSS of ten represent multisystemic involvement and positive immunologic parameters,as well as the dual expression of specific histologic characteristics.

Objective To determine the CT and MRI features of the sinonasal cavity. Methods The CT and MRI of nine patients with histologically proved hemangiopericytoma in the sinonasal cavity were retrospectively reviewed. All nine patients underwent CT and seven of them underwent MRI. In addition, the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI were analyzed in three patients. Results The lesions were from the nasal cavity in 5 cases, the maxillary sinus in 3 cases, and the sphenoid sinus in one case. The lesions appeared spindle in 4 cases, oval in 3, and irregular in 2. The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 31 mm (range, 15 to 52 mm). Seven hemangiopericytomas had welldefined margins and 2 had ill-defined margins. On plain CT, the lesions were isodense to gray matter in six (66. 7% ) and slightly hyperdense in three (33. 3% ) patients. Only two patients had post-contrast CT and the tumors showed marked enhancement. The lesions caused adjacent bony compression and absorption in 7 cases and bony destruction in 2. On MR T1WI, hemangiopericytomas appeared hypointense in 3 (42. 8% ) patients and isointense in 4 (57. 2% ) patients. On T2WI, the lesions appeared hyperintense in three (42.8%) patients and isointense in four (57.2%) patients. On T1WI, all the lesions showed relatively homogeneous signal, while 2 lesions revealed heterogeneous signal on T2WI. Hemangiopericytomas showed marked homogeneous contrast enhancement in 4 cases and heterogeneous contrast enhancement in 3.TIC showed a steady enhancement pattern in 3 patients. The lesions involved the orbit in 2 cases and,cavernous sinus, anterior skull base meninge, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa in one case. Five patients underwent follow-up for two to eight years after surgery. Two patients were found to have recurrence.Conclusions Marked enhancement and steady enhancement pattern of TIC on MRI are typical manifestations of hemangiopericytoma of the sinonasal cavity. Bone changes may help to identify the nature of the lesion. Imaging can accurately detect the scope of hemangiopericytoma in this region.

Objective To explore the features of inflammatory pseudotumor in the maxillary sinus on CT and MRI.Methods The CT and MRI data of 8 patients with histology-proven inflammatory pseudotumor in the maxillary sinus were retrospectively analyzed.All 8 patients underwent CT scans and 7 of them also underwent MRI examinations.In addition, the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)MR imaging were analyzed in 3 patients.Results Two cases had lesions in the left maxillary sinus, while the others showed lesions in the right maxillary sinus.All the lesions showed irregular shape with well-defined margins in 5 cases and hazy margins in 3 cases.The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 51 mm (ranged from 29 mm to72 mm).On non-enhanced CT, the lesions were isodense to gray matter in 6 and slightly hypodense in 1 patients.Only 2 patients had post-contrast CT with moderate enhancement of their lesions.The lesions caused adjacent bony absorption and destruction with residual bony sclerosis.On MR T_1 WI, inflammatory pseudotumor showed hypointense in 2 patients and isointense in 5 cases in relative to gray matter.On T_2 WI, the lesions revealed inhomogeneous hypointense in 6 patients and isointense in 1 patients.Inflammatory pseudotumor showed heterogeneously slight contrast enhancement in 2 cases and moderate enhancement in 5 cases.The TIC showed a steady enhancement pattern in 3 patients.The lesions extended to nasal cavity in 6 cases, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa in 4, orbit in 4, and cheek in 3 cases.Six patients underwent follow-up for 2-5 years after surgery and 2 of them were found to have recurrence.In comparison to CT, MRI was proved to show the extent of the lesions more clearly.Conclusions Bony destruction with sclerosis and hypointense signal on MR T_2 WI are typical manifestations of inflammatory pseudotumor in the maxillary sinus.Combined CT and MRI can provide clinicians with more comprehensive information for the diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up of these lesions.