Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Constipation/therapy* ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Patients

The incidence of early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC) is consistently increasing, and its etiology is notably complex. This increase may be attributed to distinctive factors that differ from those associated with late-onset gastric cancer (LOGC), including genetic predispositions, dietary factors, gastric microbiota dysbiosis, and screening of high-risk cases. These factors collectively contribute to the onset of cancer. EOGC significantly differs from LOGC in terms of clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Moreover, multiple differences in prognosis and clinical management also exist. This study aimed to systematically review the latest research advancements in the epidemiological characteristics, etiological factors, clinicopathological and molecular features, prognosis, and treatment modalities of EOGC.

Lysine methyltransferase 2A( KMT2A) rearrangement (KMT2A-r) is a high-risk gene subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children with a high relapse rate, poor prognosis and suboptimal response to conventional chemotherapy.Improving the treatment and prognosis of childhood KMT2A-r ALL is an urgent problem.In recent years, with an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of KMT2A-r, more accurate risk stratification of KMT2A-r ALL has been carried out, and great progress has also been made in its immune and targeted therapy.In this article, the genetic and biological characteristics, risk stratification, treatment strategies and prognosis of children KMT2A-r ALL were reviewed in order to provide theoretical support for clinical work and future research.

Objective:To construct a diagnostic model for fatty liver using body composition analysis and further evaluate the diagnostic effect of the model on fatty liver.Methods:726 cases with chronic liver disease who visited Tianjin Second People's Hospital from April 2019 to June 2022 and had body composition analysis tests were retrospectively enrolled and were divided into a fatty liver group (551 cases with fatty liver) and a control group (175 cases without fatty liver) according to the measured values of abdominal ultrasound and controlled attenuation parameter. An independent sample t-test and a non-parametric rank sum test were used for statistical processing. Logistic regression was used to construct a diagnostic model. Hosmer-Lemeshow was used to validate the fit of model. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to confirm the diagnostic efficiency of the model. In addition, 341 cases of chronic liver disease who visited Tianjin Second People's Hospital were included to further verify the application effect of the model between July 2022 and February 2023.Results:Compared with the control group, the differences in various indicators of body composition analysis in the fatty liver group were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Basal metabolic rate (X1), visceral fat area (X2), and body fat (X3) were eventually included in the diagnostic model for BCA-FL (body composition analysis-fatty liver)= -7.771+0.002X1-0.035X2+0.456X3 with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P=0.059). The measured area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the sensitivity, and the specificity were 0.888, 0.889, and 0.726, respectively, when the diagnostic threshold value was 0.615 with the Youden index and the receiver operating characteristic curve. In the validated model group, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.875, 0.624, 0.799, and 0.825, respectively. Conclusion:The diagnostic model BCA-FL for fatty liver constructed using human body composition analysis has good diagnostic efficacy and is suitable for screening fatty liver in different basic liver disease populations.

Background::The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with high-risk (HR) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) is still under evaluation. Moreover, relapse is the main factor affecting survival. This study aimed to explore the effect of allo-HSCT (especially haploidentical HSCT [haplo-HSCT]) on improving survival and reducing relapse for HR childhood T-ALL in CR1 and the prognostic factors of childhood T-ALL in order to identify who could benefit from HSCT.Methods::A total of 74 newly diagnosed pediatric T-ALL patients between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were stratified into the low-risk chemotherapy cohort ( n = 16), HR chemotherapy cohort ( n = 31), and HR transplant cohort ( n = 27). Characteristics, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors of all patients were then analyzed. Results::Patient prognosis in the HR chemotherapy cohort was significantly worse than that in the low-risk chemotherapy cohort (5-year overall survival [OS]: 58.5% vs. 100%, P = 0.003; 5-year event-free survival [EFS]: 54.1% vs. 83.4%, P = 0.010; 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse [CIR]: 45.2% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.011). In HR patients, allo-HSCT improved the 5-year EFS and CIR compared to that of chemotherapy (5-year EFS: 80.1% vs. 54.1%, P = 0.041; 5-year CIR: 11.6% vs. 45.2%, P = 0.006). The 5-year OS was higher in the HR transplant cohort than that in the HR chemotherapy cohort (81.0% vs. 58.5%, P = 0.084). Minimal residual disease re-emergence was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS, EFS, and CIR; age ≥10 years was an independent risk factor for OS and EFS; and high white blood cell count was an independent risk factor for EFS and CIR. Conclusion::Allo-HSCT, especially haplo-HSCT, could effectively reduce relapse of children with HR T-ALL in CR1.

Objective:To evaluate three-stage induced membrane technique combined with anterior and posterior double-plate fixation in the treatment of a total talus defect after infection.Methods:Included in this study were 11 patients with talus infection who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to December 2018. They were 8 males and 3 females, aged from 23 to 63 years (mean, 37.0 years). The infection followed re-implantation after open dislocation of total talus in 4 cases, internal fixation for open talus fracture of Gustilo type Ⅲa in 3 cases and surgery of open ankle fracture of Gustilo type Ⅲc in 2 cases, and was complicated with ankle intraarticular tuberculosis in 2 cases. The three-stage operations consisted of debridement, total talus resection, implantation of antibiotic bone cement and vacuum sealing drainage at the first stage, change of bone cement, re-debridement, wound closure or flap covering at the second stage 7 to 10 days later, and reconstruction after infection control using anterior and posterior double-plate fixation and induced membrane technique at the third stage 6 to 12 weeks later. Assessment of lower limb shortening was performed by comparing the full length of the leg between the normal and affected sides; the functions were assessed by comparing the ankle-hindfoot scores of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) between preoperation and the final follow-up.Results:The 11 patients were followed up for an average of 24.3 months (from 12.2 to 37.5 months). Superficial skin necrosis was observed in 2 patients and injury to superficial peroneal nerve in one. Absolute calcification of the autograft area was observed in all patients, leading to ankle fusion. The final follow-ups observed no significant difference in the full length of the leg between the normal and affected sides [(380.4±35.5) mm versus (376.3±32.8) mm] ( P>0.05) , a significant increase in the ankle-hindfoot AOFAS scores from preoperative 28.0±3.4 to 72.8±5.4, and a significant decrease in VAS scores from preoperative 5(5,6) to 0(0,1) (all P<0.05). Slight varus developed in 2 patients and slight ankle stiffness in 3; recurrence of infection or breakage of implants was found in none of the patients. Conclusion:Three-stage induced membrane technique combined with anterior and posterior double-plate fixation can effectively control infection of the talus, maintain the length and reconstruct the function of the lower limb after a total talus defect.

Objective:To study the efficacy of minimally PCWO combined with Akin osteotomy on severe hallux valgus.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on 45 patients (50 feet) with severe hallux valgus treated by minimally PCWO combined with Akin osteotomy in Eight Department of Bone, Foshan Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2016 to August 2018. HVA, IMA, DMAA, DASA, IPA were measured by X-ray examination preoperatively and after operative 3, 6, 12 months and at the final follow-up. The efficacy was evaluated in accordance with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Association (AOFAS) Ankle Hindfoot Scale and the Olerud-Molander Ankle (OMA) Score. The absolute and relative lengths of the first metatarsus were measured by X-ray examination preoperatively and at the last follow-up, with calculating the differences.Result:All patients were followed up within 18.20±2.04 months. There was no recurrence during follow-up period. HVA was 42.83°±4.63°, 12.83°±1.53°, 13.49°±1.33°, 14.08°±1.49° and 14.12°±1.35° at the preoperative, postoperative 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and the last follow-up, respectively, and the difference between pre-operation and post-operation was statistically significant ( P<0.05). IMA was 18.29°±0.94°, 7.84°±1.22°, 8.31°±1.03°, 9.01°±1.08° and 9.09°±1.11° at the preoperative, postoperative 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and the last follow-up, respectively, and the difference between pre-operation and post-operation was statistically significant ( P<0.05). AOFAS scores were 50.64±7.94, 88.80±2.68, 90.10±3.51, 91.20±3.89 and 91.37±3.71 points at the preoperative, postoperative 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and the last follow-up, respectively, and the difference between pre-operation and post-operation was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The OMA scores were 61.00±7.00, 90.90±5.02, 91.60±4.57, 93.20±3.61 and 93.48±4.91 at preoperative, postoperative 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and the last follow-up, respectively, and the difference between pre-operation and post-operation was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The absolute shortening of the first metatarsal was 3.03 mm and relative shortening was 0.72 mm. Conclusion:For severe hallux valgus, minimally PCWO combined with Akin osteotomy can effectively correct the hallux valgus deformity with small surgical incision, high safety and curative effect, which is worthy of popularization and application in clinical.

Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Obesity ; microbiology ; pathology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid(TXA)admin-istration combined with intra-articular"cocktail"+TXA infusion in primary total knee arthroplasty(TKA). Meth-ods 90 patients were randomly divided to experimental group A,control group B and control group C,30 cases in each group.There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in the preoperative general informations,such as age, sex,body mass index,hemoglobin,hematocrit,D-dimer,preoperative KSS score,knee activity ROM,VAS scores,operation time,time of using tourniquet. All the patients were intravenously injected with TXA 1g before using the tourniquet. After suturing the capsule,for the group A,100 ml of TXA and cocktail mixture(TXA 1g, ropivacaine 40 mg,epinephrine 0.1 mg,methylprednisolone 40 mg) were perfused into the articular cavity through the drainage which then be clamped.By the same ways,group B patients infused with tranexamic acid solution 100 mL(TXA 1g),group C patients infused with saline 100 mL.The total blood loss volume,drainage volume,intraop-erative blood loss,hidden blood loss,the change of hemoglobin and hematocrit in postoperative 3 days,blood trans-fusion,adverse reactions,the VAS scores at 6,12,24,72 h in the postoporative quiescent condition and the VAS scores at 12,24,72 h in the postoporative activity condition were measured and compared.Results The volume of total blood loss,hidden blood loss,drainage,were(685.7 ± 120.6)mL、(259.9 ± 162.0)mL、(151.5 ± 48.9)mL in group A,the decrease of hemoglobin and hematocrit at postoperative 3 d were(18.6 ± 3.2)g/L、(3.1 ± 1.3)% in group A,there was statistically significant(P<0.05) comparing with the control groups.The VAS scores of experi-mental group in the resting and the active state were lower than that in control groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion The application of intravenous tranexamic acid administration combined with intra-articular"cocktail"+TXA infu-sion can reduce the volume of postoperative total blood loss,drainage and hidden blood loss.Simultaneously,it can significantly alleviate the early postoperative pain,which is conducive to early rapid recovery,while not increasing the risk of thrombosis,and no adverse reactions.

Objective To establish a stable and reliable mouse model as an alternative to the traditional model of impaired glucose tolerance induced by calorie restriction and its effect on glucose homeostasis.Methods Forty 16-week-old SPF C57BL/6J mice (half male and half female) were randomly divided into four groups by sex and the way of feeding.The mice in the ad libitum (AL) group had free access to basic diet, while the mice in the intermittent fasting (IF) group had normal diet and fasting on alternate days, with free access to water on the fasting days.The changes of body weight and blood glucose concentration in each group were monitored, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test in mice were performed before and after the 12-week IF treatment.Results At 12 weeks after IF treatment, the body weight and blood glucose concentration of mice did not show significant difference.After i.p.injection of glucose, the blood glucose concentration of IF mice was less increased than the AL group, and after the insulin injection, the blood glucose concentration was more decreased.Compared to the AL group, the areas under the curve of tolerance test in the IF group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Conclusions After IF treatment, the mice show an enhanced sensitivity to insulin and improved glucose tolerance.This establishment method of mouse model of intermittent fasting is easy and simple, therefore, can be used as an effective alternative to traditional calorie restriction model of impaired glucose tolerance.