Acid-sensing ion channels( ASICs )are ubiquitously expressed both in periphery nervous system, where they are involved in nociception,mechanosensation,inflammation ,cardiac angina, and in central nervous system,where they are essential to a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes,such as synaptic plasticity ,learning ,memory and ischemic brain injury. Here in the article, we present a collection of key points about ASICs, ranging from molecular identity and expression, regulatory mechanisms responsible for channel gating to their multiple functions. Finally, a future prospect for the investigation of ASICs is outlined.

Aim To investigate the blockade of cadmium on store operated calcium channels and the fluorescence interference of cadmium with Fura-2.Methods PC12 cells were used to determine the intracellular calcium concentration [Ca~(2+)]i indicated by change in Fura-2 fluorescence ratio(F_(340)/F_(380)).Results Introduction of cadmium induced a significant increase in Fura-2 fluorescence ratio following thapsigargin-evoked calcium entry;Besides,cadmium gave rise to a remarkable elevation in Fura-2 fluorescence ratio following breakdown of the plasma membrane by triton,a detergent.The Fura-2 fluorescence was increased in the presence of cadmium and Fura-2/AM,simultaneously in the absence of PC12 cells.Conclusion Cadmium can interfere with the Fura-2 fluorescence.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of exosomes divided from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) on pancreatic cancer in vivo through regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) polarization.Methods:Ten male C57BL/6 mice weighing approximately 20 g, ages 4 weeks, were used for BMSC exosomes extraction and PKH26 labelling. Thirty female SPF BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice weighing approximately (18.56±0.85) g, ages 4-6 weeks, were adopted for pancreatic carcinoma models. The models were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each: control group (injected with PBS through tail vein), portal vein treatment group (injected with exosomes in PBS through portal vein), tail vein treatment group (injected with exosomes in PBS through tail vein). After the models were executive 8 weeks later, the percentage of PKH26 positive-exosomes in pancreas tissue was quantified by flow cytometry technique. The volume of the primary pancreatic tumor, the tumor volume of inhibitory rate, the number of metastatic nodule, and the ascitic fluid were assess. Also, the weight of liver and the tumor weight were evaluated. The expression of M1 and M2 macrophage-activate biomarkers and the content of pancreatic cancer marker B7-H4 tumor carbohydrate antigen 199 in peripheral blood was detected. Moreover, the expression of Survivin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in pancreatic cancer tissue cells was also detected.Results:There was no significant difference for the tumor volume of inhibitory rate between portal vein treatment group (72.4±21.6)% and tail vein treatment group (70.1±20.7)% ( t=0.24, P=0.811). Compared with control group, the volume of the primary pancreatic tumor, the weight of liver, the tumor weight, the number and rate of liver metastatic nodule, the ascitic fluid, and the number of other metastatic nodule were totally lower in the 2 treatment groups with significant difference (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, iNOS and CD68 in portal vein treatment group and tail vein treatment group were increased, while Arginase, CD206, B7-H4, tumor carbohydrate antigen 199, Survivin and matrix metalloprotein-9 were decreased, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Exosomes derived from BMSC can inhibit the polarization of TAM to the M2 phenotype and induce their polarization to the M1 phenotype, thereby suppressing the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer.

This paper discussed the pathogenesis and treatment ideas of recurrent angina pectoris after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） based on qi and blood vessels. It is believed that patients after PCI often have poor qi and blood circulation and damaged vessels and collaterals as the basis， and subsequently suffer from binding of phlegm and stasis， accumulated and sticky， which further lead to the vessels congested and blocked， qi and blood declined， and the body and functions of the heart damaged. Accordingly， in terms of the treatment principles， it has been proposed to regulate qi and transport blood， unblock and nourish vessels， dissolve phlegm and dispel stasis， direct turbidity downward and unblock collaterals， supplement qi and nourish the body， unblock vessels and rejuvenate meridians， by using self-made Tiaoqi Yunxue Formula （调气运血方）， self-made Huoxue Jiangzhuo Formula （活血降浊方） and self-made Shenrong Tongmai Formula （参茸通脉方） in their modifications respectively， in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.