Objective To explore the expression and significance of Rac1 and WAVE2 protein in glomerulus of high-
fat diet induced C57BL/6J model mice. Methods Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice (3-week old) were randomly assigned into two groups(16 in each group). The control group was fed with basic diet (10%fat) for 4 weeks. The high-fat diet group was fed with high-fat diet (60%fat) for 4 weeks. The kidney morphological changes were examined by HE and PAS staining. The expressions of Rac1 and WAVE2 protein were examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results HE and PAS results showed that there were glomeruli mesangial matrix hyperplasia and exudation in high-fat diet group compared with control group. The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that expressions of Rac 1 and WAVE2 in glomerulus were both increased in high-fat diet group compared with those of control group. Conclusion Rac1 and WAVE2 protein may be involved in glomerular injuries induced by high-fat diet.

Background and aims:To investigate the safety and efficacy of direct-acting antiviral(DAA)regimens in a cohort of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection. Methods:A total of 222 adult Chinese patients were enrolled and treated via DAA regimens in accor-dance with HCV management guidelines.Treatment responses were evaluated 4 weeks after treatment,at the end of treatment(EOT)and 12 weeks post-treatment.Virological responses,biochemical re-sponses,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)and Child-Pugh(CP)scores were recorded. Results:A total of 218 patients(98.2％)achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks post-treatment and 4 patients relapsed.The combined number of rapid virological responses for all six regimens was 170/222(76.6％),and 221/222(99.6％)had achieved virological responses by the end of treatment.In decompensated cirrhosis patients the baseline mean CP score was 6.8±1.3 and the mean MELD score was 10.1±3.3.Compared with the mean CP score at baseline,the mean score is significantly lower at the end of treatment(5.7±1.3)and 12 weeks post-treatment(5.6±1.0).Estimated glomerular filtration rates did not differ significantly from baseline during the treatment or 12 weeks post-treatment.The incidence of adverse events in patients with chronic hepatitis C and compensated cirrhosis was 42/172(24.4％),and in patients with decompensated cirrhosis it was 8/22(36.4％).The most frequently reported adverse events were elevated indirect bilirubin,fatigue and rash.There were no cases of serious adverse events,death or treatment discontinuation because of adverse events. Conclusion:DAA regimens were highly effective and well tolerated irrespective of HCV genotype,cirrhosis,liver or kidney transplantation,hepatocellular carcinoma,HCV/hepatitis B virus co-infection,or renal failure.