Clinical data of 153 patients with multiple myeloma admitted from January 2005 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed,including 56 cases complicated with herpes zoster (case group) and 97 cases without herpes zoster (control group).The risk factors for herpes zoster in multiple myeloma patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Univariate analysis showed that herpes zoster significantly associated with albumin/globulin ratio (A/G) ＜ 0.5 (x2 =10.989,P ＜0.05),unremitted myeloma(x2 =12.310,P ＜ 0.05),neutropenia (x2 =8.100,P ＜ 0.05) and treatment with bortezomib(x2 =9.465,P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that herpes zoster was positively correlated with A/G ＜ 0.5 (OR =6.344,95％ CI:1.511-26.645,P ＜ 0.05),neutropenia (OR =6.402,95％ CI:1.420-28.869,P ＜ 0.05),treatment with bortezomib (OR =7.335,95％ CI:1.587-33.911,P ＜ 0.05);and negatively correlated with remitted myeloma (OR =0.064,95％ CI:0.017-0.237,P ＜ 0.05).It is necessary to take corresponding countermeasures targeting the risk factors to prevent herpes zoster in multiple myeloma patients.