Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the expression of fractalkine (FKN) in the nerve tissues of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, aged 10-12 weeks, were divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using the random number table: control group (group C), sham operation group (group S), group NP, and hyperbaric oxygen group (group H).NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in anesthetized rats.The left sciatic nerve was exposed, and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread.Group H received hyperbaric oxygen therapy once a day for 5 consecutive days starting from day 1 after CCI.The rats were placed into the hyperbaric oxygen chamber, which was pressurised to 2 atmosphere absolute at a rate of 10 kPa/min, and maintained at this level for 60 min.The pressure was then decreased to the normal pressure at a rate of 10 kPa/min.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before CCI, and 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after CCI.After measurement of pain threshold at 3 and 7 days after CCI, 4 rats were selected and sacrificed.The sciatic nerve and lumbar segment of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of FKN by Western blot.Results Compared with group C, the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was shortened at each time point after CCI, the expression of FKN in the sciatic nerve at 3 days after CCI, and in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord at 3 and 7 days after CCI was upregulated in group NP (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group S (P＞0.05).Compared with group NP, the MWT was significantly increased, and TWL was prolonged at each time point after CCI, and the expression of FKN in the sciatic nerve at 3 days after CCI, and in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord at 3 and 7 days after CCI was down-regulated in group H (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which hyperbaric oxygen mitigates NP is related to inhibition of over-expression of FKN in the nerve tissues of rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of tempol administered via different routes on neuropathic pain (NP) in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group NP,intrathecal tempol group (group T1),and intraperitoneal tempol group (group T2).Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.The sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread.The sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated in group S.After successful establishment of the model,a catheter was inserted at L4.5 interspace into the epidural space.In S and NP groups,0.9％ normal saline 20 μl was injected intrathecally,and 0.9％ normal saline 200 μl was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days.In group T1,tempol 30 μg (in 20 μl of normal saline) was injected intrathecally,and 0.9％ normal saline 200 μl was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days.In group T2,tempol 30 μg (in 200 μl of normal saline) was injected intraperitoneally,and 0.9％ normal saline 20 μl was injected intrathecally once a day for 7 consecutive days.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 3 days before operation,and at 1,3,5,7,10 and 14 days after operation.The animals were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at day 14 after operation.The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the TWL was shortened at each time point after operation,the content of MDA in the spinal cord was increased (P＜0.05),and no significant difference was detected in SOD activity in group NP (P＞0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased at 5,7,10 and 14 days after operation,the TWL was prolonged at 1,3,5,7,10 and 14 days after operation,the content of MDA in the spinal cord was decreased,and the SOD activity was increased in group T1 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the indexes mentioned above in group T2 (P＞0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal tempol can reduce NP in rats,and the mechanism is related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the spinal cord.

Objective Pathologic complete response (pCR) has been suggested as a surrogate prognostic indicator in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.We assessed whether the likelihood of pCR and survival is associated with the immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtypes.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of l01 patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2007 and January 2010.Patients were dassified into four molecular subtypes based on the immunohistochemistry prnfiles of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,and HER2.Logistic regression was used to analyze variables associated with pCR.Results The pCR was achieved in 19 patients (18.8％).The triple negative subtype was an independent predictive factor for pCR (odds ratio,3.35,95％ confidence interval,1.25-9.79,P =0.012),and the Her-2 subtype showed a trend for higher pCR rates (odds ratio,3.11;95％ confidence interval,1.09-10.89,P =0.021) compared with the luminal A subtype.The pCR was significantly associated with prolonged disease-free survival (P =0.002).The triple negative subgroup had shorter disease-free survival (P =0.0006) and overall survival (P =0.008) than the other subgroups.Conclusions We demonstrated that the triple negative and Her-2 subtypes are more likely to obtain pCR when neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given,compared to the luminal A subtype.Despite the high pCR rate,the triple negative subtype showed worse survival outcomes,paradoxically,primarily due to patients who had residual disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) pretreatment on cognitive decline and neuronal damage in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups: normal saline (NS), AD, and HBO+AD. In the AD group, amyloid β peptide (Aβ)₁₋₄₀ was injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of the brain. NS rats received NS injection. In the HBO+AD group, rats received 5 days of daily HBO therapy following Aβ₁₋₄₀ injection. Learning and memory capabilities were examined using the Morris water maze task. Neuronal damage and astrocyte activation were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Dendritic spine density was determined by Golgi-Cox staining. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10 production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neuron apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Protein expression was examined by western blotting. RESULTS: Learning and memory dysfunction was ameliorated in the HBO+AD group, as shown by significantly lower swimming distances and escape latency, compared to the AD group. Lower rates of neuronal damage, astrocyte activation, dendritic spine loss, and hippocampal neuron apoptosis were seen in the HBO+AD than in the AD group. A lower rate of hippocampal p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was observed in the HBO+AD than in the AD group. CONCLUSION: HBO pretreatment improves cognition and reduces hippocampal damage via p38 MAPK in AD rats.
Alzheimer Disease/*therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*administration & dosage ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Cognition/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hippocampus/*enzymology ; *Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Interleukin-10/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis ; Learning/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Neurons ; Peptide Fragments/*administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal kindlin-1 in neuropathic pain in rats and the relationship with Wnt3a.Methods Eighteen clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,aged 10-12 weeks,were divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),neuropathic pain group (group NP) and kindlin-1 inhibitor group (group K).Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic compression of the sciatic nerve.The sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated in group S.In group K,shRNA was intrathecally injected at 21 days before operation to inhibit the expression of kindlin-1.Vector virus was intrathecally injected at 21 days before operation in S and NP groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before operation and 1,4,7,10 and 13 days after operation.Rats were sacrificed at 13 days after measurement of pain threshold and the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of kindlin-1 and Wnt3a (by Western blot) and expression of Wnt3a mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction).Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at 4,7,10 and 13 days,and the expression of Wnt3a protein and mRNA and kindlin-1 was up-regulated in group NP (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at 4,7,10 and 13 days,and the expression of Wnt3a protein and mRNA and kindlin-1 was down-regulated in group K (P＜0.05).Conclusion Kindlin-1 is involved in the development of neuropathic pain by up-regulating the expression of Wnt3a in rats.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of c-CBL overexpression on activation of astrocytes in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain and the relationship with Kindlin-1.Methods:Eighteen clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 250-280 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), neuropathic pain group (NP group) and c-CBL overexpression group (c-CBL group). The model of neuropathic pain was developed by chronic compression of the sciatic nerve in anesthetized rats.On 1 day before operation, c-CBL overexpression vector 10 μl was intrathecally injected in group c-CBL, while blank vehicle 10 μl was intrathecally injected in S and NP groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured on 1 day before operation (T 0) and 1, 4 and 7 days after operation (T 1-3). The rats were sacrificed by decapitation after measurement of the pain threshold at T 3, and the spinal cord of L 4-6 was taken for determination of the expression of Kindlin-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (by Western blot) and co-expression of Kindlin-1 with c-CBL (by co-immunoprecipitation). Results:Compared with group S, the MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 2, 3 in group NP and group c-CBL, the expression of Kindlin-1, GFAP, TNF-α and IL-1β was significantly up-regulated in group NP, and the expression of c-CBL was significantly up-regulated in group c-CBL ( P<0.05). Compared with group NP, the MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T 2, 3, the expression of Kindlin-1, GFAP, TNF-α and IL-1β was down-regulated, and the expression of c-CBL was up-regulated in group c-CBL ( P<0.05). The results of co-immunoprecipitation showed that there was a protein interaction and co-expression relationship between Kindlin-1 and c-CBL in group NP, and the co-expression of Kindlin-1 with c-CBL was enhanced in group c-CBL when compared with group NP. Conclusions:The overexpression of c-CBL can inhibit activation of astrocytes by down-regulating the expression of Kindlin-1 in the spinal cord, thus reducing inflammatory responses and relieving neuropathic pain in rats.

Nursing intervention based on WeChat platform is a novel model of continued nursing care which is timely, convenient, smart, versatile and free from temporal, spatial or economic restrictions and can provide a personalized continued nursing care protocol for orthopedic patients. This article analyzes the status quo of WeChat-based continued nursing care for orthopedic patients after surgery, illuminates the demand of continued nursing care of orthopedic patients, advantages of WeChat in orthopedic continued nursing care, implementation and evaluation system of WeChat-based continued nursing care in orthopedics as well as existing problems and suggestions, so as to propose more uses of WeChat in continued nursing care in orthopedics.