By making investigation on the animals with venom protein and peptied.In China sea we find that Coelenterata of them mainly includes 14 kinds of Jellyfist,15 kinds of Sea anemone,one kind of Corals and two kinds of Hydrozoa,altogether 32 kinds;Mollusea of them mainly includes 34 kinds of Conus,two kinds of Aplysia and 3 kinds of Cephalopoda,altogether 39 kinds;Nemartina of them has one kind;Echinodermata of them mainly includes two kinds of starfish and 8 kinds of Sea urchins,altogether 10 kinds;fishes of them mainly include one kind of Venomous fishes,two kinds of Ichthyocrinotoxic fishes and 74 kinds of Venomous fishes,altogether 77 kinds;Sea snake is 15 kinds.These animals with venom protein and peptide mainly are distributed in South sea of China.

0.05).The absorption of NCTD was a first-order process with passive diffusion mechanism.The absorption law in vivo was the same as in vitro,the correlation coefficient between them was 0.999 4.Conclusion NCTD-CS-NP could improve the absorption of NCTD in rat small intestine.NCTD is well absorbed at the superior and middle segments of intestine.The concentration of NCTD has no distinctive effect on the absorption kinetics.The release of drug in vitro and its uptake is well correlated.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the technology of supercritical CO2 extraction from Zingiberis rhizoma. METHODS:With the comprehensive score of the contents of 6-ginger phenol,8-ginger phenol and 10-ginger phenol and the extraction rate of the oil from Z. rhizoma as the index,uniform design method was adopted to investigate the effects of extraction pressure,extrac-tion temperature and extraction duration on the extraction result;verification tests were conducted. RESULTS:The optimal condi-tions were as follows as the extraction pressure of 25 MPa,extraction temperature of 30 ℃ and extraction duration of 2 h. In the verification tests,the average extraction rate of the oil from Z. rhizoma was 3.2%(n=3),and the comprehensive score was 1.874 2 (RSD=0.65%,n=3),with the relative deviation of 0.6% between the measured value and the predicted value. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal extraction technology is stable and feasible,with the advantages of low temperature,short duration.

Aim Tongluoxingnao effervescent tablets ( TLXNET) ,based on the ancient formula of QiongGui Tang, can improve cognitive dysfunction in different AD models. This research is aimed to study the effects of TLXNET on the Aβmetabolism and explore the anti-AD mechanism in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells. Methods Cells were incubated for 48h in dif-ferent concentrations of medicated serum ( containing 0% ~40% of TLXNET in the serum ) . Firstly, the non-toxic concentration was measured by MTT assay, the activity of cells was detected by LDH methods, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 . Then, the gene and protein expressions of APP were detected via RT-PCR and Western blot of which the expressions of shearing fragments such as sAPPα and sAPPβ were investigated by Western blot, the same as the expressions of IDE and NEP. Addi-tionally, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence detection kits respectively. Eventually, MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability after the SH - SY 5 Y cells were treated with various concentrations of medicated serum and Aβ25-35 for 48h. Results There was no significant toxicity of TLXNET medicated serum in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells ( P >0 . 05 ) . TLXNET could signifi-cantly inhibit Aβ secretion in SH-SY5 Y-APP cells ( P<0 . 05 ) , but had no effect on Aβ secretion in SH-SY5Y-C99 cells, the same as the level of APP mRNA and protein in SH-SY5 Y-APP cells and the expressions of IDE and NEP (P>0. 05). Additionally, TLXNET could still notably inhibit the expression of sAPPβ pro-tein in a dose-dependent way, with statistical signifi-cance ( P <0. 05 ) . Meanwhile, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were also significantly decreased by TLXNET (P <0. 01). Moreover, the medicated serum of TLXNET had a protective effect on SH-SY5 Y apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 ( P <0 . 01 ) . Conclusion TLXNET could obviously inhibit β-secretase enzyme, and has an antagonistic effect a-gainst Aβneurotoxicity, which suggests that the inhibi-tion of β-secretase enzyme and antagonism against Aβneurotoxicity are the main anti-AD mechanism of TLX-NET .

AIM: To investigate the genes differential expression in cortex during rat focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: cDNA microarray chips containing numerous cDNAs were used to investigate the gene expression pattern between samples of focal cerebral ischemia and sham-control operation rats. RESULTS: Two hundred and eleven genes differentially expressed were screened out, among these genes, up-and down-regulated genes were 199 and 12, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of gene expression pattern of focal cerebral ischemia based on cDNA microarray can realize high-throughput screening of the genes associated with the focal cerebral ischemia. The differential expression of genes may be related to the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemic diseases.

OBJECTIVEBased on relevent theory of prescription and syndrome, to compare the gene expression differences of TLR2, TRAF6, and Faslg with adjuvant arthritis in rat spleen among Wutou decoction, Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction and Baihu Guizhi decoction.

METHODThe experiment animal model of adjuvant arthritis in rats was established. Relative expression amount of TLR2, TRAF6, and Faslg in rats spleen was detected by SYBR Green I dye methods and implementation of fluorescence quantitative PCR technology with 18sRNA as an internal gene. 2(delta delta CT) method was used for computing and data analysis.

RESULTTLR2, TRAF6, and Faslg gene in adjuvant arthritis rat spleen was significantly higher than those in the blank group. The various doses of Wutou decoction, Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction and Baihu Guizhi decoction can significantly inhibit or reduce the abnormally high expression of TLR2, TRAF6, and Faslg genes. The gene expression level caused by three decoctions mentioned above was followed by strong to weak as Wutou decoction Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction and Baihu Guizhi decoction with the clinical equivalent dose, but the strength of the trend to reduce the role of TRAF6 is just the opposite with the TLR2 and Faslg genes.

CONCLUSIONWutou decoction, Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction and Baihu Guizhi decoction can reduce the abnormally high expression of TLR2, TRAF6 and Faslg in rat spleen with adjuvant arthritis, but the differences of intensity exist and remain relatively consistent with that of pharmacodynamics and regulation trends of T cell subsets. Results suggest that the suppression of TLR2/TRAF6 signal pathway and apoptosis Faslg receptor gene may be the reasons that the pharmacodynamics of three decoctions on peripheral T cell subsets in regulating intensity was different.

Animals ; Arthralgia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Calibration ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fas Ligand Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism

Anaphylaxis is the most common adverse reaction caused by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection, the most serious of which is type I, so post-marketed safety re-evaluation is necessary. Skin test can be used to screen type I allergy reaction, which is of great significance for TCM injection safe use. Skin test is not only able to find the population sensitization situation of TCM injection, but also is a way of understanding the mechanism of allergy reaction. TCM injection varieties that often occur type I anaphylaxis are applicable to skin test, and study population include healthy volunteers and patients whose disease is listed in the drug specification, intracutaneous test and prick test are the alternative method. The concentration of skin-test solution may influence the positive rate of skin test, penicillin skin-test solution preparation method can be used as the reference in TCM injection. Different doses of TCM injection skin-test solution,glucose injection and normal saline, histamine hydrochloride are comprised in comparison. Given the characteristics of type I allergy reaction,we should be pay close attention to skin test reaction in half an hour, and observation index need be designed based on post-marketed re-evaluation of clinical safety.
Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Skin Tests ; methods

Adverse drug reaction induced by injection of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) often occurs. Post-marketed re-evaluation of clinical safety in injection of TCM is indispensable,in order to solve the clinical safety problems. It is necessary to conduct Phase 0 clinical trials for containing toxic medicine and injection of TCM. Phase 0 clinical trials, involving very limited human exposure, and using microdose of drugs, are intended to collect the necessary safety and pharmacokinetic data in limited period. Microdose reflects allergies of injection of TCM. Phase 0 clinical trials provide a new method for post-marketed re-evaluation of safety in injection of TCM. Its use depends on whether there is a safety problem for injection of TCM,and the determination of initial dose and sample size are key questions in study design.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of monitoring ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: Clinical data of 13 children received allo-HSCT in Peking University Institute of Hematology from May 2009 to March 2016 were retrospectively collected. The ETV6-RUNX1 gene was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) . The correlation between its expression level and the disease status was analyzed. Results: Of 13 enrolled ALL cases, the ETV6-RUNX1 expression of 7 patients converted to positive after transplant at a median time of 137 days (range, 28-270 days) . The expression level of the first positive sample was 0.034% (range, 0.004%-0.061%) . The duration from ETV6-RUNX1 positive to hematological relapse was 196 days (range, 28-666 days) . Four patients experienced relapse at a median time of 294 days (range, 104-803 days) after allo-HSCT. The ETV6-RUNX1 expression converted to positive prior to MRD. Patients with positive ETV6-RUNX1 gene expression pre-transplantation would be more likely to relapse. Conclusion Monitoring ETV6-RUNX1 by RQ-PCR could be used to evaluate MRD status after allo-HSCT. Patients with positive ETV6-RUNX1 after transplant had a poor prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the impact of overweight/obesity on postoperative complications in breast reduction surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent breast reduction surgery in our hospital from 2016 to 2022. Basic patient information and postoperative complications, such as poor wound healing, infection, hematoma, nipple necrosis, etc., were collected. Patients were categorized into normal/low weight group and overweight/obese group according to their body mass index (BMI). The differences in postoperative complications between the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed.Results:The study included 82 patients, 48 in the normal/low weight group and 34 in the overweight/obese group. The gender, age, and surgical methods of the two groups of patients were relatively balanced, and there was no statistical difference. However, the incidence of postoperative complications was 50.0% (17/34) in overweight/obeseitg group, higher than 18.8% (9/48) in normal/low weight group. Common complications included delayed healing such as infection or dehiscence in 8 cases (9.8%), skin necrosis in 5 cases (6.1%), and hypertrophic scars in 5 cases (6.1%). The incidence of skin necrosis and delayed healing in the overweight/obese group was higher than that in the normal/low weight group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Postoperative hematoma and hypertrophic scars occurred in both groups, while fat liquefaction and thrombosis only occurred in the overweight/obese group. Conclusions:Overweight/obesity is an important risk factor for postoperative complications in breast reduction surgery. Patients should be evaluated before surgery, and necessary measures should be taken to reduce the risk of complications.