Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) contains multiple-antigen-specific IgGs and may protect the host from a wide spectrum of pathogens including but not limited to virus and bacteria.With a low IgG level, neonates, especially preterm infants are prone to infection.IVIG can rapidly increase the concentration of serum IgG level, and enhance the anti-infectious and immune-regulatory functions.It has been widely used as a common treatment against neonatal infections.However, there has been inadequate evidence to support the routine usage of IVIG.While prolonged IVIG usage may be beneficial to the extremely or very low birth weight with sepsis, the prophylactic usage of IVIG to decrease the risk of late-onset sepsis in preterm infants depends on the situation of nosocomial infections in different NICUs and the cost-effect efficiency.

Objective To evaluate the femoral neck anteversion (FNA) of patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and reveal the developmental regularity of the proximal femur.Methods 366 three-dimensional CTs of unilateral DDH patients were categorized into three age groups:＜18 months, 18 months-3 years,and＞3 years.The femoral neck anteversion of both sides were measured and a statistical comparison was performed between them.The line chart showing the relationship of femoral neck anteversion and age was drawn to reveal the developmental regularity of the proximal femur.Results In total,the affected side of unilateral DDH had an femoral neck anteversion 1°～5° significantly larger than the unaffected side (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference between affected and unaffeted sides in age group＜18 months and 18 months-3 years,while it was significant in age group＞3 years.Conclusion Pathological changes of the proximal femur were observed not only the affected side in unilateral DDH but also the unaffected side.The FNA symmetrically developed with age older.

Objective To observe the therapeutical effect of posterior vertebral column resection on chronic thoracolumbar tuberculosis with secondary paraplegia and to provide a safe and effective method for the treatment of chronic thoracolumbar tuberculosis with secondary paraplegia.MethodsFrom Aug.2007 to Mar.2010,12 cases with chronic thoracolumbar tuberculosis and secondary paraplegia were surgically treated by posterior vertebral column resection and Titanium net support for bone graft and internal fixation operation treatment.Cobb angle was measured,and conditions of internal fixation were observed before and after the operation by X-ray films.Neurological status were evaluated by Frankel grades.ResultsThe follow-up periods was 6- 18 months( on average 11 months).Operations eased all patients' back and chest pain.Frankel grade increased from C preoperatively to grade D or E postoperatively in 6 cases,from grade D to E in 4 cases and from grade B to C in 1 case.No obvious improvement of Frankel grade was observed in the other patient of grade B.The average Cobb angles were(76.0 ± 23.4) ° before surgery,( 15.5 ± 6.3 ) ° at one week after surgery and ( 16.0 ± 8.2) °at the last follow-up.The difference in the Cobb angle before and at one week after treatment was significant( t =3.41,P ＜ 0.01 ).No difference was found in the Cobb angle between at one week after treatment and at the last follow-up (t =1.58,P ＞ 0.05 ).All patients got bony fusion with Titanium net.No complications occurred with internal fixation.Conclusion Posterior vertebral column resection is a feasible method for the treatment of chronic thoracolumbar tuberculosis with secondary paraplegia.It achieves neurological decompression with high correction rate and minor injury,and no anterior surgery is needed.

Objective To define the normal reference values of acetabular index and Sharp angle through 2333 standard anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs. Methods In our study, 2333 normal anteriorposterior pelvic radiograph images with standard exposure were selected. All the images were diagnozed normal by two radiologists and two pediatricians according to the criteria of T(o)nnis. All subjects were without any neuromuscular diseases and congenital defoemity. The acetabular index was measure in the subjects between age 0 to 10 years, and the groups were divided monthly within 1 year and yearly between 1 to 10years. The Sharp angle was measure in the subjects after 10 years, and the groups were divided yearly in adolescence and decadely in adults. Normal values of each age groups and the correlation charts were completed according to statistical analysis. Results The mean acetabular index was 28.39° in neonates followed by a steep decrease in the first three months after born. It decreased to 22.17°in the 1st year, 12.80°in the 10th years and then kept constant. Acetabular index of the female was generally 1°-2°larger than that of the male with statistical significance. The mean Sharp angle was 46.72°in the 10th years, which decreased to 39.10°in the 18th years and 35.69°in elderly people. Another declination was observed after age 40.Generally no gender difference was observed. Conclusion Acetabular index and Sharp angle vary with age.They reflect a dramatic morphological change in the acetabulum before adulthood and stay constant afterwards. Gender difference is obvious in many age groups but not all. Normal reference ranges of both gender at all age groups should be considered in clinical evaluation.

Objective To observe the therapeutical effect by using pedicle screw and interbody fusion cage,and compare with posterior interbody simple autogenous bone graft. Methods From August 2006 to January 2009,46 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis patients were treated by using pedical screw internal fixation system, including 24 cases of cage-graft (group A), 22 cases of interbody simple autogenous bone graft (group B), efficacy evaluation using JOA evaluation standard, and measured lumbar olisthe reset rate, relative intervertebral space height and lumbosacral angle of recovery and observed fusion rate through the preoperative and postoperative follow-up X-ray films. Results All the patients' waist pain symptoms relieved after operative reduction. At 18 months of follow-up , group A of lumbar olisthe reset rate was 94.7%, relative intervertebral space height was (74.93 ± 7.85)% ,lumhosacral angle was 36.6° ± 3.6° ,meanwhile group B was 89.9%, (68.72 ± 12.40)%,39.3°± 5.6°. There were significant differences between two groups (P<0.05). Bone graft fusion rate in group A was 95.83% (23/24), in group B was 90.91%(20/22), there was significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pedicle screw system and interbody cage-graft in treatnent of lumber spondylolisthesis can effectively prevent the loss of reduction,mid and long-term effects are satisfactory,it is a stable and reliable method.

To observe the effects of paeoniflorin and total flavones extracted from Qixue Bingzhi Recipe on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in endothelial cell conditioned medium (EC-CM) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and the expressions of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor genes.

Objective To investigate mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified by nerve growth factor to repair acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods Fifty six Wistar rats of inbred strain were randomly divided into sham operation group cell transplantation group and simple injury group. The spinal cord injury model was prepared according to the modified Allen's method. NGFβ (hNGFβ) and GFP genes were transfected into MSCs by replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector (Ad-hNGFβ) and replication-deficient recombinant retrovirus vector (Rt-GFP) respectively. GFP positive MSCs were transplanted into intradural space of injured spinal cord at 7 days after spina coral injury. Spinal cord was dissected at 24 h, 1 and 2 weeks after transplantation. To observe the expression of GFAP and nestin and the distribution of MSCs after transplantation following the spina corol injury. Results MSCs migrated to the injured parenchyma In transplantation group, the expression of GFAP and NGF protein was higher than in the control group (P<0.05), the BBB score in transplantation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The MSCs transplantation repaired the injured spinal cord to some extent.

Objective To investigate the expression of occludin in the intestinal epithelial cells of neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC) . The influence of vitamin D on NEC and the expression of occludin was also explored. Methods Sixty neonatal Wistar rats from different litters were divided into four groups 48 hours after birth:10 in the breast-fed+ control group,10 in the breast-fed +vitamin D group,20 in the NEC+ control group and 20 in the NEC+ vitamin D group. In groups with NEC,neonatal rats were sep-arated from their mothers and treated with rat milk substitute+hypoxia+hypothermia. In groups with vitamin D treatment,paricalcitol was given through intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before,one day and two days after the induction of NEC. The tissue was harvested from the ileum of the rats 72 hours after induction of NEC. Microscopically,the tissue was assessed according to the Nadler scoring system. The expression and location of occludin was observed after immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting was performed and quantified to compare the expression of occludin among groups. Results In NEC rats,the intestinal structure was destructed. Separation of the submucosal or muscular layer,discharge or disappearance of the villa was accompanied by necrosis of the intestinal cells. Vitamin D treatment could significantly alleviate those chan-ges,with the Nadler score 1. 70 ± 0. 21 compared to 2. 90 ± 0. 23 without vitamin D treatment ( P<0. 01 ) . The expression of occludin was decreased in NEC rats and vitamin D could partly rescue this decrease (P<0. 01). The distribution of occludin was sparse and discontinuous in NEC rats while after vitamin D treatment,the distribution was maintained even and continuous. Conclusion The expression of occludin in intestinal epithelial cells is significantly reduced in NEC rat. Vitamin D treatment may inhibit the development of NEC by maintaining the expression of occludin.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) standardization serves as an important foundation of TCM modernization and internationalization, and TCM standardization strategy is the core of the subject. Recently, some developed countries and developing countries with a better economic basis have set development strategy for TCM standardization. China is at the beginning on TCM standardization strategy study. This paper explored the methods for setting TCM standardization development strategy. Firstly, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of TCM were analyzed based on SWOT method to set development tactics. On the above basis, the authors defined the total goal and stage goal under the guidance of the relevant laws and regulations. To achieve the strategic goal, priority areas were formed by literature analysis and expert inquiry method, and the safeguard measures were formulated by expert symposium. Secondly, the draft for development strategy of TCM standardization was made based on the above content. Finally, the authors revised and formed the official development strategy of TCM standardization.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the water extractives of regulating qi and blood prescription (WQBP) had effects on early atherosclerosis of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE-mice) at the age of 19 weeks or not, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Forty ApoE-mice, six weeks of age, were given high-fat diet and randomly divided into four groups: high-dose WQBP-treated group (360 mg/kg), low-dose WQBP-treated group (72 mg/kg), simvastatin-treated group (25 mg/kg) and untreated group, with ten mice in each group. Meanwhile, ten C57BL/6 mice of same genetic background were allocated to normal control group. Mice in the high- and low-dose WQBP-treated groups and simvastatin-treated group were administered with corresponding drugs from the 15 to 19 weeks. Mice in the untreated and normal control groups were administered with isovolumic water. Sacrificed at 19 weeks, the level of blood-lipid, the plaque construction, plaque integral, and the contents of plaque macrophages and vessel smooth muscle cells of the mice were analyzed by immunohistochemical method and a computer picture processing system. RESULTS: Compared to the untreated group, high-dose WQBP group could obviously decrease the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Simvastatin group could decrease the levels of LDL-C and total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.01). In high-dose WQBP-treated group and simvastatin-treated group, the thickness of fiber cap and the quantities of vessel smooth muscle cells increased (P<0.05), the quantities of plaque macrophages and the ratio of lipid and plaque reduced (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: WQBP and simvastatin can interfere in early atherosclerosis of ApoE-mice, attenuate and stabilize plaque in some extent. The mechanisms may include adjusting blood lipid, decreasing macrophage number and increasing the quantities of vessel smooth muscle cells.