D-amino acids were believed to have no function in higher organisms several years ago. Recently, D-serine was proved to be synthesized by astrocytes in vivo and be released to work as an effective coagonist at the “glycine-binding” site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors in central nervous system. In this paper, the synthesis, metabolism and function of D-serine were reviewed briefly.

Objective To establish the expression of exogenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) gene in human umbilical vein endotheliocytes to provide both theoretical basis and new method for gene therapy of ischemic heart disease and prevention of postoperative vessel re-stenosis. Methods Expression vector pcDNA3 1(+)TPA was constructed, and transfected into human umbilical vein endotheliocytes cultivated in vitro by lyposome. The exogenous TPA expression was observed. Results The expression vector pcDNA3 1(+)TPA could efficaciously express TPA in human umbilical vein endotheliocytes. The protein quantity of TPA in the transfected cells was 568 6ng/10 6cell/24h, when measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while that in the non-transfected cells was 17 8ng/10 6 cell/24h. The exogenous TPA's activity in the transfected cells was 108 8IU/10 6cell/24h, when measured by chromogenic substrate assay, while that in the non-transfected cells was 5 6 IU/10 6cell/24h. Conclusion When pcDNA3 1(+)TPA was transfected into human umbilical vein endotheliocytes, exogenous TPA could be expressed efficaciously, which provides theoretical basis and new method for TPA gene therapy of ischemic heart disease.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of the modified subinguinal approach for the treatment of acetabular anterior column and wall fractures.Methods A clinical retrospective study was performed of the 5 patients who had been treated at our department from January 2011 to April 2015 for acetabular anterior column and wall fractures and conformed to follow-ups.They were 3 males and 2 females,aged from 19 to 45 years (mean,35.6 years).The duration from injury to surgery averaged 7.6 days (range,from 4 to 10 days).The subinguinal ligament approach was adopted in the 5 cases,through which the inguinal ligament was preserved intact after sharp dissection of its insertion at the anterior superior iliac spine and medial-upper advancement,the advantage of expanded exposure of the first window by the Farid sub-ilioinguinal approach was retained,and additional lesions due to iliac osteotomy were avoided.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative reduction and time for fracture union were documented.Merle d' Aubigne and Postel scoring system was used to assess the hip joint function of the affected limb at the final follow-ups.Results The operation time ranged from 110 to 150 minutes (mean,125 minutes);the intraoperative bleeding ranged from 415 to 550 mL (mean,450.2 mL).By the Matta's criteria,the postoperative reduction was rated as excellent in 4 cases and good in one.The 5 patients were followed up for an average of 32.4 months (range,from 6 to 43 months).Their fractures united clinically after an average of 4.6 months (range,from 3 to 6 months).The hip joint function was rated as excellent in 2 and good in 3 by the Merle d' Aubigne and Postel scoring system at the final follow-ups.Follow-ups observed no serious complications like inguinal hernia,internal fixation failure,myositis ossificans,or avascular necrosis of the femoral head.Conclusions As the modified subinguinal approach can provide a broad surgical exposure,lead to minimal injury to the inguinal ligament,avoid lesions caused by iliac osteotomy,and decrease operation time and bleeding,it may be a better approach for acetabular anterior column and wall fractures.

Long-term potentiation(LTP) of synaptic activity in the hippocampal is the most widely researched model of synaptic plasticity,which is believed to underlie the brain function of learning and memory.Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) respond to a variety of cellular and extracellular stimuli, such as growth factors,cytokines,extracellular mitogen and stresses.MAPK are involved in complex processes such as in cell differentiation,proliferation and programmed cell death.It has been reported that the upstream regulators and downstream substrats of MAPKs still widely exist in the mature neuron.MAPKs cascade induces phosphorylation of many functional protein including some receptors and kinases that is associated with induction and maintain of the LTP in the neuron,indicating that MAPKs do play a crucial role in the synaptic plasticity.Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38 activity and its relationship with LTP are reviewed.

A case of lymphoepithelial was reported and the literature were reviewed. Early surgical treatment can help to get the better prognosis. There is currently no effective treatment methods and the disease have no lethal tendency. The early surgical treatment is recommended for its possibility of canceration.
Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Salivary Glands ; pathology

Objective To assess the effect of neutrophil?to?lymphocyte ratio ( NLR) on the recurrence rate of patients with alpha?fetoprotein (AFP) ?negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the value of NLR in predicting prognosis. Methods The clinical data of seventy?seven patients diagnosed with AFP?negative HCC and treated with hepatocellular carcinoma surgery in the First Hospital in Weinan from June 2015 to March 2017 were analyzed. According to the recurrence at the end of the follow?up, the patients were divided into the recurrence group and the non?recurrence group. Cox single factor analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the clinicopathological features and postoperative recurrence, and the clinical risk factors with statistically significance in the univariate analysis were placed in the Cox multivariate regression analysis to determine whether it is independent risk factor. Results The differences between the two groups in the number of tumors (31/15,28/3),tumor size (>5 cm) (5. 53±1. 83,4. 65±1. 73),portal vein tumor thrombus (18/28,2/29),microvascular invasion (14/32,2/29) were all statistically significant (P<0. 05). Cox univariate analysis showed that preoperative NLR levels ( RR=1. 125, 95%CI 1. 052-1. 203, P=0. 029 ) , tumor number ( RR=0. 943,95%CI 1. 007-1. 330, P=0. 019 ) , tumor size (>5 cm ) ( RR=0. 550, 95%CI 0. 316-0. 956, P=0. 038),portal vein tumor thrombus (RR=1. 294,95%CI 1. 208-1. 386,P=0. 022),microvascular invasion (RR=1. 575,95%CI1. 209-2. 052,P=0. 028) were the risk factors of postoperative recurrence. Cox regression model showed that tumor number (RR=1. 830,95%CI 1. 184-2. 828,P=0. 026),portal vein tumor thrombus ( RR=2. 860,95%CI 2. 062-3. 968,P=0. 001) ,microvascular invasion ( RR=1. 760,95%CI 1. 019-3. 041,P=0. 037) and preoperative NLR level ( RR=1. 890,95%CI 1. 056-3. 383,P=0. 028) were independent risk factors of the recurrence in AFP negative HCC patients after surgery. Among the 77 patients,46 cases were in the recurrent group, the average value of NLR was 3. 49 ± 0. 30, and the average preoperative NLR of the non?recurrence group ( 31 patients ) were 3. 01 ± 0. 30, the difference between the two groups in NLR value was statistically significant (t=-6. 885,P=0. 000). According to the ROC curve,the NLR=3. 17 corresponded to the maximum Youden index,the sensitivity of NLR was 82. 6%,the specificity was 67. 7%. Conclusion The preoperative NLR level is inversely proportional to the recurrence?free survival time of patients with AFP?negative HCC,which is one of the independent risk factors for recurrence. The optimal critical value of NLR is 3. 17.

Objective To investigate the effect of active fraction A (TXR-A) extracted from Tiaoxin Recipe (TXR) on inhibition of corticosterone on long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) in rat hippocampal slices. Methods The slices were divided into control, corticosterone, corticosterone+TXR, and corticosterone+different concentration of TXR-A groups, then were incubated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) added by drugs for 1 h before recording and were perfused with the same ACSF during recording. Population spike (PS) was recorded from stratum pyramidale of area CA1 using extracellular recording following stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in rat hippocampal slices. Then a 100 Hz, 100 pulses HFS was used to induce LTP. Results PS amplitude was decreased significantly vs that in the control group, when the slices were pre-incubated in ACSF added by corticosterone (2 ?mol/L) over 1.5 h, meaning that LTP was inhibited by corticosterone. However, PS amplitude of the slices pre-incubated in ACSF added by corticosterone (2 ?mol/L) and high concentration TXR-A was increased significantly vs that of corticosterone pre-treating slices, meaning that high concentration TXR-A enhanced LTP inhibited by corticosterone. Furthermore, increased LTP amplitude in high concentration TXR-A was much more than that in TXR. Conclusion TXR-A is one of main TXR active ingredients which facilitate LTP inhibited by corticosterone in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices. The antagonist (effect) on corticosterone inhibition on LTP is one of the mechanisms to benefit the intelligence.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between cancer-related fatigue and cortisol in cancer patients and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods:A total of 80 cancer cases were divided into two groups:fatigue group (50 cases with cancer-related fatigue) and non-fatigue group (30 cases without fatigue). The scores were evaluated through the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) and the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) report. Serum specimens were examined through electrochemiluminesence immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum cholesterol was examined through the CHOD-PAP method, and serum total protein and albumin were determined via the Biuret method. Agarose gel electrophoresis was conducted to determine alpha 2 globulin ratio and to calculate serum alpha 2 globulin concentration. Results: The cortisol level in the fatigue group was significantly lower than that in the non-fatigue group[(119.68±5.34) nmol/L vs. (163.45± 31.49) nmol/L, P<0.05], and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level in the fatigue group was significantly higher than that in the non-fatigue group [(104.50 ± 17.15) ng/L vs. (51.43±13.24) ng/L, P<0.05]. Cortisol negatively correlated with MFSI-SF (r=-0.867, P<0.001) but positively correlated with ACTH (r=0.809, P<0.001). Furthermore, cortisol negatively correlated with FSI (r=-0.747, P<0.001) but positively correlated with ACTH (r=0.70, P<0.001). The levels of serum cholesterol [(1.25±0.70) mmol/L vs. (3.28±0.73) mmol/L, P<0.05], albumin[(18.24 ± 7.03) g/L vs. (37.40 ± 8.05) g/L, P<0.05], and alpha-2 globulin [(2.25±1.07) g/L vs. (5.36±1.09) g/L, P<0.05]were significantly lower in the fatigue group than in the non-fatigue group. Conclusion:The patients with cancer-related fatigue exhibited increased MFSI-SF score, decreased serum cortisol level, and enhanced ACTH level. The low serum cortisol levels caused a disorder in the serum ACTH and cancer-related fatigue of malignant tumor patients. The mechanism underlying the reduction in serum cortisol level correlated with the insufficient amounts of serum cholesterol, the composite material of cortisols, and of serum albumin, particularly alpha-2 globulin, the carrier protein of serum cholesterol.

Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of preoperative CTP score,MELD score and MELD-Na score on short-term prognosis (≤ 3 months) after liver transplantation,to analyze factors which correlated with survival,and to seek indicators that accurately predicted short-term outcomes.Methods The clinical data of 73 consecutive patients with end-stage liver diseases who underwent liver transplantation in a single center were retrospectively analyzed.The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to determine the predictive power.Correlated factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.The statistical processing package used was SAS 9.1.3 software.Results 11 (15.1％) of 73 patients died within 3 months after liver transplantation.The areas under the ROC curve of the preoperative CTP score,MELD score and MELD-Na score for predicting short-term survival were 0.817,0.839 and 0.860 respectively.There was no significant difference among these 3 scoring systems.On univariate analysis,indicators significantly correlated with early mortality were preoperative serum sodium,serum urea,PT-INR,CTP score,MELD score and MELD-Na score.On logistic multiple regression,only MELD-Na score remained as a significant indicator (P =0.001,β =-2.496,OR =0.085,95％ CI:0.019 ～ 0.370).Conclusions The MELD-Na scoring system showed superior predictability of early mortality in patients who underwent liver transplantation.The preoperative MELD-Na score was an independent risk factor of short-term survival.The higher the MELD-Na score,the higher was the early mortality.

Objective To analyze the complexity of molecular structure in porcine T cell receptor gene and its similarity compared to humans.Method Based on the gene of porcine T cell receptor alpha chain ( TCRα) from the Gen-Bank database, 93 swine T cell receptor alpha chain genes ( STA) were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph nodes and spleen.Result Sequence analysis showed that STA genes all contain a domain of variable signal peptide and V, hypervariable J and conservative C.Howev-er, nucleotide sequence of STA was not completely identical with only 68.4%to 98.7%homology among genes, and had extremely sophisticated polymorphism and diversity.This was accord with the genetic structure of TCRαchain.Molecular structure, genetic evolution and classification of these genes were carried out according to the homology of TCRαgene, which all have several sites and zones of mutation on the domain of signal peptide, FR1 and CDR1, FR2 and CDR2, FR3 and CDR3.Analysis of similarity and classification of TCRαV domain(STAV)and J domain (STAJ) of Hezuo minipig u-sing IMGT/V-QUEST tools compared with those of humans found the genetic evolution relationship that was closer, and each of TRAV and TRAJ also found to have a corresponding fragment of humans, ever in 92% of similarity of TRAV be-tween swine and humans.Conclusion Our results indicate that inbred Hezuo minipig possesses genetic diversity against complicated environment of microbes in healthy status, and Hezuo minipig is suitable as an animal model for research on human immunology and diseases.