Objective To establish the early warning model based on the control chart method for hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Wuchang District and to determine the optimum alarming threshold to provide the data support for HFMD monitoring work.Methods The data of HFMD in Wuchang District during 2009-2014 were collected from the National Infectious Diseases Notification System for constructing the data base.The mobile percentile method was adopted to establish the early alarming model,which was evaluated by the screening test.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated.Then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the optimum alarming threshold was found out.Results The early alarming threshold of HFMD in Wuchang District was P90,its sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 75.00％,93.88％,50.00％ and 97.87％,respectively.Conclusion Determining the early warning threshold should be optimized according to onset characteristics combining with the local epidemic situation,which pays attention to regional specificity and increases the monitoring ability of infectious diseases.

Objective To invesitgate the relationship between 8-iseprostane (8-iso-PG) level in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) and severity of asthma and explore the role of 8-iso-PG in asthma evaluation and monitoring.Methods Fifty-nine patients with asthma were enrolled.In which 15 eases were acute exacerbation, 13 eases were mild intermittent, 15 eases were mild persistent, and 16 eases were mederate-to-severe persistent.Thirteen healthy volunteers were recruited as control.EBCs were collected using EeoSereen system.The 8-iso-PG levels in EBCs were measured by a specific enzyme immunoassay.The patients with mild intermittent asthma were treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for one month and their EBCs were recollected for 8-iso-PG measurement.Results Exhaled 8-iso-PG levels were obviously increased in the patients with acute asthma compared with those chronic asthmatics [(47.2±6.8) pg/mL vs (24.5±12.0) pg/mL, P < 0.01].In the chronic persistent asthma, the levels were significantly higher in patients with mild persistent and moderate-to-severe asthma [(17.9±1.2) pg/mL and (39.7±4.0) pg/mL, P <0.01].While 8-iso-PG level did not differ significantly in intermittent asthma [(13.5±1.1) pg/mL] compared with the control subjects (P > 0.05).After one-month ICS treatment the 8-iso-PG level in the patients with mild intermittent asthma did not change significantly although the ACT score improved.Conclusions 8-iso-PG levels in EBC are associated with the severity of asthma,implicating 8-iso-PG may be useful in monitoring airway oxidative stress in asthma.ICS treatment is incapable of decreasing the 8-iso-PG,suggesting the ICS has minor impact on oxidative stress.

Objective To compare the difference of IL-8 and MMP-9 levels in the serum and sputum before and after treatment in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD,and to analyze the correlation between IL-8 and MMP-9 levels and lung function.Method A total of 20 cases of AECOPD patients were randomly selected in the observation group and 15 cases of healthy people were selected in the control group.Pulmonary function was measured and the specimens of sputum and blood were collected during the admission and discharge for AECOPD patients.FEV1 and FEV1/FVC％ were recorded,and the concentration of IL-8 and MMP-9 in the sputum supernatant and serum were tested with double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment.All the data and correlation were analyzed with t test and SPSS software.Results (1) Before the treatment,serum IL-8 concentration in COPD patients was 28.30 ± 14.39 pg/mL,higher than that in the control group [17.46 ± 3.48) pg/mL,P=0.008].After treatment,the serum IL-8 concentration was significantly decreased [(13.30 ± 6.31) pg/mL,P=0.000].IL-8 concentration of sputum significantly decreased after treatment [(501.60 ± 508.61) pg/mL,P=0.042] than one before treatment (639.40 ± 703.12) pg/mL.(2) Before treatment,serum MMP-9 concentration in patients with AECOPD was 1.12 ± 0.36 ng/mL,lower than control group [(17.89 ± 11.00) ng/mL,P=0.000)].After treatment,the serum MMP-9 concentration was significantly decreased [(0.87 ± 0.31) ng/mL,P=0.000].MMP-9 concentration of sputum before treatment (12.04 ± 12.22) ng/mL decreased significantly after treatment [(8.02 ± 7.13) ng/mL,P=0.005].(3) Before treatment,no correlation was seen between the concentration of serum IL-8 and FEV1,FEV1/FVC.Negative correlation was observed between the sputum IL-8 concentration and FEV1/FVC and no correlation was found with FEV1.After treatment,we found that no correlation showed between the concentration of IL-8 and FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and negative correlation was seen between the IL-8 concentration in sputum and FEV1,FEV1/FVC.(4) Before treatment,no correlation between the concentration of serum MMP-9 and FEV1,FEV1/FVC was observed and no correlation between the sputum MMP-9 concentration with FEV1 was seen.Negatively correlation was found between the sputum MMP-9 level wtih FEV1/FVC.After treatment,we observed no correlation between the serum concentration of MMP-9 and FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and negative correlation between the concentration of MMP-9 in sputum and FEV1,FEV1/FVC.Conclusion The concentration of IL-8 and MMP-9 in serum and sputum in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD is higher than those in the stable phase.IL-8 and MMP-9 levels in serum show no correlation with lung function.Negative correlation was observed between IL-8 and MMP-9 levels in sputum and lung function.We can test the levels of IL-8 and MMP-9 in sputum to evaluate the severity of the disease.

Objective To observe the effect of the advanced glycation end products(AGEs)on the iNOS expression in cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells.Methods Cultured the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.After AGEs of the different dose(50～200 mg/L)and different times(0～24 h)played the role on the cells,we determined the NO generation and iNOS protein expression of all groups.Results NO generation and iNOS protein expression increased with the AGEs-dose increasing and treatment time.The results were significantly different.Conclusion These results demonstrate that AGEs may induce iNOS to produce toxic NO in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells,then the diabetic cardiomyopathy occures.

Objective To compare imaging quality and radiation dose of different anode filter combination for full-field digital mammography.MethodsThe image of FLUKE NA 18-220 phantom were taken at full-field digital mammography (FFDM),system with Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh,Rh/Rh anode/filter combination by automatic exposure control,record the exposure factors and doses.The images on monitor with the best window width and window level were read by 4 independent radiologists,the images of specks groups,nylon fibers and masses was assessed by the 4 experienced readers at the criterion of American College of Radiology 1999 mammography quality control manual.Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance.ResultsThe nylon fibers scores of Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were 5.50 ± 2.12,4.50 ± 1.85 and 4.38 ± 1.38 ; the specks groups scores of Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were 5.38 ± 1.98,4.25 ± 1.56 and 4.38 ± 1.38;the masses scores of Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were 5.38 ± 1.98,4.38 ±1.68 and 4.25 ± 1.56,the detection of specks groups,nylon fibers was not statistically significant ( F =4.56 and 4.32,P ＞ 0.05 ),but the detection of masses was statistically significant ( F =36.65,P ＜ 0.05).The radiation doses were different,the entrance surface dose (ESD) and average glandular dose (AGD) of Rh/Rh were (5.11 ± 1.89) and ( 1.08 ± 0.13 ) mGy,the ESD and AGD of Mo/Mo were (6.66 ± 2.33 )and ( 1.29 ± 0.38 ) mGy,the ESD and AGD of Mo/Rh anode/filter combination were (5.67 ± 2.02) and ( 1.29 ± 0.38) mGy.ConclusionsThe radiation dose of Rh/Rh and Mo/Rh anode/filter combination of FFDM were lower,and the imaging was clear,so Rh/Rh and Mo/Rh anode/filter combination of FFDM prefer to mostly patients,especially when the thinkness is large,Rh/Rh anode/filter combination is preferred,because the kV values was higher,the penetration of X-ray was stronger.The Mo/Mo anode/filter combination was used when the needs of high-resolution,because the detection of masses of it was better.

Child ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; genetics

Objective:To investigate the effects of the Paecilomyces Lilacinuson extracellular polysaccharides on the phenotypic and maturation of murine dendritic cells. Methods: Imature DCs were induced in vitro from the murine bone marrow cells in the presence of rmGM-CSF and rmIL-4, and then they were cultured with different dosage of the extracellular polysaccharides. The morphological characterization was analyzed under microscopy. The expressions of the DCs surface costimulating factors and phagocytic function to FITC-dextran were detected by flow cytometry. The level of IL-12 secreted by DCs was observed by ELISA. At the same time the influence of DCs on the proliferation of T cells was determined by MTT. Results:Treating with the polysaccharides for 48 h could up-regulate the expression of DCs surface molecules,such as CD11c,MHCⅡ,CD80 and CD86,and the 400 μg/ml was the optimal dose,comparing with the blank control group, the difference was significant (P<0. 01), contrast to LPS control group that was not different ( P<0. 05 ) . The uptaking FITC-dextran ability of the DCs treated with 300 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml polysaccharides was significant lower than the unstimulated DCs(P<0. 05). At the same time the extract at different concentration could distinctly enhance the proliferation of T cells by DCs too. Conclusion:The extracellular polysaccharides could stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells and induce the production of mature dendritic cells.

Objective To provide a basis for clinical diagnosis,a serum metabonomic dynamic study was carried out on the Tg2576 mouse model at different stages of Alzheimer's disease(AD) whose pathological progress is similar to that of human AD patients.Methods Serum samples of Tg2576 mice were collected at the early(6 months) and late(12 months) stages of Alzheimer's disease.The 1H NMR spectra of the serum samples were collected and the metabolic characteristics were analyzed by multivariate analysis.Results Significant differences in serum metabonomics were found in the transgenic Tg2576 mice and C57 mice at 6 and 12 months of age,and there were significant metabolic changes in Tg2576 mice at different stages of Alzheimer's disease.Compared with C57 mice,the Tg2576 mice at early stage of Alzheimer's disease showed higher levels of serum lactate,myo-inositol and amino acids(such as leucine,isoleucine,alanine),and lower levels of lipids,choline,phosphorylcholine,glycerol phosphorglcholine,betaine,glycine and glucose.At the late stage of Alzheimer's disease,the transgenic Tg2576 mice had higher levels of lactate,myo-inositol and alanine,while the serum levels of lipids,choline,phosphorylcholine,glycerophosphorylcholine,betaine,and glycine continued to drop.Meanwhile glutamine and creatine levels started to decline.By comparing the early and late serum metabolites of Alzheimer's disease,serum metabonomic profiles of the late stage of Alzheimer's disease indicated an up-regulation of lactate,myo-inositol and alanine,and a down-regulation of lipids,choline,phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholinelevels.Moreover,the levels of lactate,lipids,choline,phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholine showed statistical significance at the early stage of AD,and they were closely correlated with the severity of Alzheimer's disease.Conclusions The above results show that the changes of lactate,myo-inositol and alanine are positively-correlated with the development of AD,while the serum levels of lipids,choline,phosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylcholine are inversely-proportional to the severity of AD.These metabolites are dynamically and progressively changed along with the disease progression,which hopefully may serve as early metabolic markers for the diagnosis of AD in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the incidence of aspirin resistance (AR) in patients with Type Ⅱ Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the correlation between AR and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) as well as the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Methods A total of 69 patients with Type Ⅱ DM and another 23 patients without DM as control group were enrolled between October 2009 and July 2010. Blood lipid, blood routine, fasting blood glucose, Glycated hemoglobin (GHb/Hb A1c) ,fasting insulin were determined at first. After aspirin treatment for at least 7 days, platelet aggregation stimulated by arachidonic acid(AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were measured. In addition, the level of serum AGEs was measured by using ELISA assay. The degree of insulin resistance was obtained by using HOMA-IR. Results The incidence of AR in patients with Type Ⅱ DM was higher than that in the controls(30.4% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.037 ); the levels of serum AGEs and HOMA-IR in patients with Type Ⅱ DM were higher than those in the controls [ (359.56 ± 120. 14) pg/mL vs. (275.45 ± 118.06)pg/mL, P=0. 004; (4.42 ±4.78) vs. ( 1.5 ±0.78), P＜0.01, respectively]; platelet aggregation stimulated by AA in the diabetic group was correlated with serum AGEs and HOMA-IR( R =0.463, P ＜0.01; R=0.290, P =0.016, respectively); and platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP was only positively correlated with HOMA-IR(R =0.242, P = 0.045). Conclusions The incidence of AR in patients with Type Ⅱ Diabetes mellitus is higher than that in the controls, and diabetics with higher serum AGEs and HOMA-IR are more likely to develop aspirin resistant.

In this study, the effects of hyperosmolality on the expression of urea transporter A2 (UTA2) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) were investigated in transfected immortalized mouse medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cell line. AQP2-GFP-pCMV6 and UTA2-GFP-pCMV6 plasmids were stably transfected into mIMCD3 cells respectively. Transfected mIMCD3 and control cells were cultured in different hypertonic media, which were made by NaCl alone, urea alone, or an equiosmolar mixture of NaCl and urea. The mRNA and protein expression of AQP2 was elevated by the stimulation of NaCl alone, urea alone and NaCl plus urea in AQP2-mIMCD3 cells; whereas NaCl alone and NaCl plus urea rather than urea alone increased the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 in UTA2-mIMCD3 cells, and all the expression presented an osmolality-dependent manner. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 was found to be synergistically up-regulated by a combination of NaCl and urea in mIMCD3 cells. It is concluded that NaCl and urea synergistically induce the expression of UTA2 rather than AQP2 in mIMCD3 cells, and hyperosmolality probably mediates the expression of AQP2 and UTA2 through different mechanisms.