Objective To investigate the incidence of renal injury caused by strong intensity military training in the navy.Methods One thousand three hundred and twenty servicemen of the navy were enrolled in the present study including 568 recruits and 752 veterans.Urine protein and hemoglobin were determined using the dry chemistry method after a five-kilometer armed field race.Urine samples were collected and centrifuged for erythrocyte count under microscope after training.Retinol binding protein(RBP) and N-acetyl-?-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Detection of creatine kinase(CK) above 950U/L was assumed to be rhabdomyolysis positive.Results The average incidence of hematuria,hemoglobinuria and proteinuria was 2.1%,7.4% and 44 %,respectively,and the incidence of abnormal RBP and NAG was 57.3% and 57.1%,respectively.Significant difference in each of the indexes existed between the recruits and veterans(P

Objective To explore the long-term dialysis therapies suitable for Chinese patients by comparison of the long-term clinical effect of daily ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ( DAPD ) and hemodialysis (HD) on patients with end-stage renal failure.Methods Forty-six outpatients and inpatients with end-stage renal failure were enrolled from our hospital and divided into group A (24 patients) and group B (22 patients) randomly.Participants in group A received HD treatmant,including conventional HD,hemodiafiltration (HDF),hemoperfusion (HP),etc.For three times in total 12 - 15 h each week;patients in group B received DAPD with a daily dialysate dose of 6 - 8 L and a replacement in every 3 - 4 h for each bag of peritoneal dialysate,as well as a break overnight.The subsequent long-term monitoring was performed,and the following variables were compared for the patients in these two groups:sufficiency of dialysis (i.e.Kt/V),nutritional status [ including SGA and sALB ),complication control ( including Hb,CO2CP,K+,Ca2+,P-,iPTH and blood pressure (MAP) ],infection incidence,employment rate and annual medical expense.The evaluation on daily activities of living was also performed using Barthel Index (BI) and the presence of depressive dsymptoms was assessed by HAMD.Results Patients in both group A and group B could survive under long-term dialysis,and there was no statistically significant difference in sufficiency of dialysis (Kt/V),nutritional status (SGA and sALB ),complication control ( Hb,CO2 CP,K +,Ca2 +,P -,and MAP) and infection incidence ( P ＞ 0.05 ).One year after dialysis,the urine volume [ (274 ± 102) ml vs.( 205 ± 86 ) ml,P =0.017 ],BI ( 82 ± 13 vs.73 ± 11,P =0.044) and employment rate (40.9％ vs.12.5％,P=0.044) of the patients in group B were higher than those of the patients in group A,but the ultra-filtration volume [ ( 1162 ± 124 ) ml vs.( 1542±136 ) ml,P ＜ 0.001 ],iPTH [ (77.5 ± 12.7 ) ng/L vs.( 104.4±11.3 ) ng/L,P ＜ 0.001 ],HAMD ( 8 ± 3 vs.18 ± 4,P ＜ 0.001 ) and annual medical expense [ (7.67±1.48 ) ng/L vs.( 11.35 ± 2.52 ) ng/L thousand yuan,P ＜ 0.001 ] were lower than those of the patients in group A.Five years after dialysis,B1 ( 80 ± 13vs.71 ± 14,P =0.029 ) and employment rate ( 36.4％ vs.8.3％,P =0.032 ) in group B were greater than those in group A,while iPTH [ (83.8 ± 13.4) ng/L vs.( 123.8 ± 12.4) ng/L,P ＜ 0.001 ],HAMD ( 8±2 vs.19 ± 2,P ＜ 0.001 ),and annual medical expense [ ( 10.32±1.64 ) thousand yuan vs.( 13.47 ±2.38 ) thousand yuan,P ＜ 0.001 ] were lower than those in group A,and there was no statistically significant difference in survival rate (70.8％ vs.86.4％,P=0.289) and dialysis duration [ ( 56.82 ± 6.13 ) mouths vs.(57.35 ± 6.30) months,P =0.774 ] between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The comparison between the patients treated by long-term DAPD and those treated by conventional HD shows that DAPD has a satisfactory clinical effect in the aspects of sufficiency of dialysis,maintainence of nutritional status,control of complications,regulation of blood pressure and decrease of infection incidence,and it is also superior in reducing depressive symptoms,ensuring better quality of life and mitigating economic burden of patients.

Objective To analyze the causes of early death in elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD) and major risk factors.Methods A retrospective study was conducted.Fourty-three patients who had undergone MHD between January 2005 and December 2015 and died within 3 -12 months after hemodialysis in the Hemodialysis Center of China Aerospace Center Hospital were included in Group A while 106 patients who had undergone hemodialysis in the same period but survived for over 12 months were selected as control group(Group B).Results The main causes of early death of 43 elderly patients with MHD were cardiovascular ( 46.5%) and cerebrovascular diseases ( 25.6%) (CCVD), and infections(14.0%).The age,proportion of patients with diabetes and CVD,and the proportion of patients using the central venous catheter( CVC) as vascular access were higher in Group A,but the level of hemoglobin and serum albumin was lower.Indicators of cardiac structure and function showed that the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),and left ventricular myocardial quality index(LVMI)in Group A were well above those in Group B, but EF and E/A ratio were significantly lower(P<0.05 and P<0.01).COX regression analysis indicated that the comorbidity with CVD, a lower level of serum albumin and EF were the main risk factors for early mortality in elderly patients under MHD.Conclusion The main cause of early death in elderly MHD patients is CCVD.The comorbidity of CVD, malnutrition and decreased left ventricular systolic function might be the main risk factors for early mortality in elderly MHD patients.Early and adequate dialysis,active treatment of underlying diseases, and the correction of hypoalbuminemia can decrease complications,prolong life and improve the quality of life.

Research on laboratory animals is an important issue in biomedicine.Children are a special drug-using population.The selection of suitable experimental animals is a key issue to ensure the scientific quality of research for pediatric drugs.Based on the review of a large number of literature, the authors summarized the application of suckling mice in the pharmacological research and toxicological evaluation of pediatric drugs for the treatment of common diseases in children.We also summarized the existing problems in pediatric toxicology and proposed solutions for providing a reference of test animal application in pediatric drug research.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical characteristics and influential factors of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.MethodsOne hundred and two patients with MHD patients whose therapy time were all more than one year were enrolled from June 2008 to May 2009.Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and parameters related with cardiac structure and function were checked out by echocardiography.These patients were divided into two groups according to PASP:PH group[PASP≥35 mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)] and non-PH group(PASP ＜ 35 mm Hg).Gender,age,dialysis time,dialysis access and urine volume during dialysis was recorded.The blood biochemistry,parathyroid hormone(PTH),hemoglobin,postdialysis urea nitrogen was recorded too and Kt/V was calculated.ResultsPH was detocted in 26 MHD patients (25.5％,26/102).Right atrium transverse diameter,right atrium long diameter and pulmonary artery internal diameter in PH group [(32.00 ± 8.13),(41.00 ±9.15),(24.38 ± 3.88) mm] were higher than those in non-PH group [(27.44 ± 4.43),(36.45 ±8.88 ),(21.78 ± 2.46) mm] and LVEF in PH group [(55.59 ± 7.88 )％] was lower than that in non-PH group [(59.09 ± 5.69)％] (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in calcium-phosphorus product,PTH,serum phosphorus and hemoglobin between PH group and non-PH group [(61.36 ± 17.83)mg2/dl2 vs.(53.24 ± 18.28) mg2/dl2,(365.95 ± 178.65) ng/L vs.(287.02 ±209.91 ) ng/L,(2.24 ±0.60)mmol/L vs.( 1.95 ± 0.68) mmol/L,(98.65 ± 25.69) g/L vs.( 114.29 ± 22.31 ) g/L] (P ＜ 0.05 ).Logistic regression found that PTH levels,hemoglobin and calcium-phosphorus product were the major risk factors for PH.ConclusionsMorbidity of PH in MHD patients is obviously high.Secondary hyperparathyroidism,anemia and high calcium-phosphorus product level may take part in the pathogenesis of PH in MHD patients.

Objective: To explore the improvement influence of three combined exercise programs on sleep quality among college students with sleep disorders, so as to provide reference for the construction of exercise intervention programs for sleep disorder. Methods: A total of 35 college students with sleep disorders were randomly divided into AR group ( n =10), AM group ( n =8), RM group ( n =9) and CG group ( n =8). The three exercise groups were provided with exercise intervention for 8 weeks, 3 times/week , 60 min/time, and the CG group maintained previous lifestyle.Before and after the intervention,evaluation of subjective sleep quality and reduction rate of sleep disorder by PSQI, and Actigraph GT3X+ was used to monitor the changes in the objective sleep quality. Results: After the intervention,the total score of PSQI ( t =3.49, 2.31, 2.73), sleep quality score ( t =2.71, 3.00 , 5.29),sleep duration of AR group ( t =2.74), daytime dysfunction of AM group ( t =2.64) and sleep duration of RM group ( t = 2.29) significantly decreased ( P ＜0.05); The scores of sleep duration in AM group were significantly lower than those in AR group, and the scores of PSQI,sleep quality and daytime dysfunction in AM group were significantly lower than those in CG group (P<0.05). After intervention,TST ( t =-4.41, -8.37, -6.79) and SE ( t =-4.40, -5.86, -4.91) of AR group, AM group and RM group significantly increased( P <0.05), SOL ( t =4.18, 9.93), WASO ( t =2.91, 3.46) and NA ( t =4.80, 3.37) of AM group and RM group significantly decreased ( P <0.05). The changes of TST,SE and WASO in RM group were significantly higher than those in CG group, and SOL was significantly lower than those in CG group ( P <0.05). Conclusion The three kinds of combined exercise programs can improve the subjective and objective sleep quality of college students with sleep disorders, and reduce the incidence of sleep disorders; different combined exercise programs have different influence on the improvement of sleep quality of college students with sleep disorders, aerobic combined meditative movement exercise program has a prominent influence on the improvement of subjective sleep quality, and resistance combined meditative movement exercise program has a prominent influence on the improvement of objective sleep quality.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with uremic tumoral calcinosis (UTC).Methods:A total of 10 patients with UTC were enrolled in this study, who were admitted in the Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital and Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital from March 2013 to February 2019.Results:The average age of 4 male and 6 female patients on regular hemodialysis was (39.90±8.57) years. The average dialysis duration was(5.90±2.57) years. Three patients presented as single lesion of one joint, the other 7 patients as involvement of multiple large joints. Serum calcium was elevated in 2 patients,both over 2.75 mmol/L. Serum hyperphosphatemia was seen in all patients with average level 2.22 (1.94,2.44) mmol/L. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was remarkably increased in 9 patients with average level 1 348.0(854.8,1 800.0) ng/L, while only 1 patient reported slight elevation (92.4 ng/L).High-sensitivity C-reactive protein increased in all 10 patients with average 35.81 (17.60,74.20) mg/L. The imaging findings before treatment suggested that a large number of irregular masses of calcification shadows deposited in the soft tissue adjacent to the joints. The outlines of calcification were clear without significant bone absorption. Nine patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) were treated with parathyroidectomy, resulting in lesions diminishing or even disappearing. A total of 32 parathyroid glands were resected, and pathological results showed that 7 parathyroids were diffuse hyperplasia, 11 as diffuse/nodular hyperplasia, the rest 14 as nodular hyperplasia. At least one hyperplastic parathyroid gland was seen in each patient. Only 1 patient received medical therapy yet no obvious improvement was observed.Conclusion:UTC is a rare complication in patients on regular hemodialysis, which is usually associated with severe SHPT. Parathyroid surgery may improve the clinical outcome.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a major public health problem worldwide. Infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is extremely strong. The one major target of the virus is the lung, which leads to the deaths of respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. The kidney is also one of the main organs attacked by viruses, which directly damage the renal tubules through angiotensin converting enzyme-2 and cause cytokine storm, resulting in kidney damage and increasing the risk of death in the patients. Early investigation of risk factors for kidney injury, detection of kidney injury indicators, timely supporting treatment and renal replacement therapy for the existence of kidney injury patients are useful for reducing the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.
Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2

Annotation of the genome sequence of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) is indispensable to understand its evolution and pathogenesis. We have performed a full annotation of the SARS-CoV genome sequences by using annotation programs publicly available or developed by ourselves. Totally, 21 open reading frames (ORFs) of genes or putative uncharacterized proteins (PUPs) were predicted. Seven PUPs had not been reported previously, and two of them were predicted to contain transmembrane regions. Eight ORFs partially overlapped with or embedded into those of known genes, revealing that the SARS-CoV genome is a small and compact one with overlapped coding regions. The most striking discovery is that an ORF locates on the minus strand. We have also annotated non-coding regions and identified the transcription regulating sequences (TRS) in the intergenic regions. The analysis of TRS supports the minus strand extending transcription mechanism of coronavirus. The SNP analysis of different isolates reveals that mutations of the sequences do not affect the prediction results of ORFs.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Genome, Viral ; Isoelectric Point ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Open Reading Frames ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis ; Transcription, Genetic

In order to develop clinical diagnostic tools for rapid detection of the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) and to identify candidate proteins for vaccine development, the C-terminal portion of the nucleocapsid (NC) gene was amplified using RT-PCR from the SARS-CoV genome, cloned into a yeast expression vector (pEGH), and expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Hisx6 double-tagged fusion protein under the control of an inducible promoter. Western analysis on the purified protein confirmed the expression and purification of the NC fusion proteins from yeast. To determine its antigenicity, the fusion protein was challenged with serum samples from SARS patients and normal controls. The NC fusion protein demonstrated high antigenicity with high specificity, and therefore, it should have great potential in designing clinical diagnostic tools and provide useful information for vaccine development.
Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Vectors ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Yeasts ; genetics