Objective To observe the curative effect and adverse reaction of benazepril on polycythemia (PTE ) after renal transplantation. Methods Twenty-two patients undergoing kidney transplantation for the first time at the Department of Urinary Surgery of the 309 th Hospital of People's Liberation Army and developed PTE after renal transplantation from June 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled as the object of study.The patients were divided into the hypertension group (n =14)and the normal blood pressure group (n =8)according to whether the patients were with hypertension or not.The hypertension group was given benazepril with an initial dose of 10 mg/d and increased to the maximum dose of 40 mg/d according to the changes of patients’conditions.The normal blood pressure group was given benazepril with an initial dose of 5 mg/d and with the maintenance dose of 2.5 mg/d after hemoglobin and hematokrit returning to normal.The patients in two groups were followed up for 6 months.The curative effect and adverse reactions during the follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results After 6 months of treatment,12 patients had marked effect,1 had effect and 1 was improved in the hypertension group.Six patients had marked effect, 1 had effect and 1 had no effect in the normal blood pressure group.The difference of efficacy had no statistical significance between the two groups (P >0.05).During the treatment,the blood pressure of the hypertension group dropped significantly (P <0.05 ),while that of the normal blood pressure group had no significant change.Red blood cells,neutrophils,platelets,serum creatinine,uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate of the two groups had no obvious abnormality before and after treatment.One patient in the hypertension group developed irritable cough during the treatment and recovered after withdrawal.Conclusions It is safe and effective to take benazepril for patients with PTE after renal transplantation.It is recommended to start with small dose and the dose shall be adjusted according to blood pressure.The blood pressure,blood routine and renal function shall be monitored during the treatment.