Objective To observe the impact of RNA interference-induced ADAR1 down-regulation on cell proliferation of liver cancer.Methods Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into liver cancer cell line SMMC-7721.ADAR1 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Results After transfection for 24,48,and 72 h,ADAR1 mRNA expression was 0.612 ± 0.086,0.264 ± 0.018,0.156 ± 0.063 in experimental group and 1.032 ± 0.107,0.898 ± 0.092,0.968 ± 0.074 in control group,respectively.Experimental group had significantly lower ADAR1 mRNA than the other groups (P ＜ 0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference between control and blank group (P ＞ 0.05).ADAR1 protein relative expression was 0.684 ± 0.079,0.324 ± 0.042,0.145 ± 0.058 in experimental group and 1.002 ± 0.092,0.917 ± 0.068,0.972 ± 0.073 in control group,respectively,which was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After transfection with siRNA,the proliferation ability of SMMC-7721 cells was enormously inhibited (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ADAR1 mRNA and protein level could be significantly decreased by specific RNA interference,and cell proliferation in SMMC-7721 cells were also greatly inhibited.

Objective To investigate comparative analysis of PKP and conservative treatment for old osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures ,to provide a reference for clinical treatment .Methods From January 2011 to March 2014 48 cases of OVCF patients were selected ,they were divided into two groups according to treatment which were observation group (26 cases) and con‐trol group (22 patients) ,control group with the implementation of conservative treatment ,observation group was implemented with surgical treatment for patients with PKP .Two groups of patients before and after treatment quality of life scores (SF‐36) ,pain vis‐ual analogue scale (VAS) ,Oswestry Disability Index and radiographic findings were compared .Results The observation group and the control group before and after treatment VAS scores were significantly different (F= 84 .393 ,P= 0 .019 ;F= 61 .388 ,P=0 .028);VAS score in observation group after treatment 1d ,6 months were significantly lower than the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (t= -18 .843 ,P=0 .000;t= -17 .174 ,P=0 .000);SF‐36 scores in the observation group was 85 .18 ± 8 .01 ,significantly higher than 74 .29 ± 6 .93 ,the difference was statistically significant (t=8 .569 ,P=0 .006);in observation group after treatment Oswestry disability scores compared with the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (t=6 .217 , P=0 .010);in the observation group after 1 d ,6 months the middle of vertebral height was (19 .72 ± 2 .44) mm ,(19 .70 ± 2 .17) mm ,were higher than before treatment ,the difference was statistically significant (F=23 .221 ,P=0 .028) .Conclusion PKP can improve pain and quality of life for patients ,which is worthy of clinical application .

Objective To explore the effects of inhibiting DDR2 expression by siRNA on hepatic stellate cells and evaluate the role of DDR2 gene in hepatic fibrogenesis. Methods (1) Three pairs of chemically synthesized siRNAs targeting DDR2 were respectively transfected into HSC-T6 cells for evaluation of silence efficacy, and the most effective siRNA was used. (2) HSC-T6 cells were divided into three groups, group A served as normal controls, group B served as negative control and group C was RNA interference DDR2 (siRNA-DDR2) expression of HSC. The most effective RNA interference sequences targeting DDR2 gene was chosen to transfect HSC-T6 cells by plasmid transfection. The tendency of DDR2, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and collagen-Ⅰ mRNA expression were estimated using RT-PCR, and the protein expression of DDR2 was evaluated by Western blot. Meanwhile, MTT assay was employed to analyze the proliferation of HSC. Results (1) DDR2 siRNA, which began at nt 868, inhibited DDR2 gone expression stronger than the other two siRNAs. (2) After transfection of siRNA-DDR2, the mRNA expression of DDR2 (P<0.01) and α-SMA (P<0.01) significantly decreased compared with the normal group, and the protein expression of DDR2 also significantly decreased (P<0.01). In addition, the proliferation of HSC was also markedly suppressed as compared with the normal group (P<0.01). However, compared with the negative control group, none of them was markedly suppressed. Conclusion SiRNA targeting DDR2 significantly suppresses the activation, proliferation of HSC, and thus attenuates hepatic fibrogonesis in vitro.

Objective To study the mechanism of the hyperuricemia among the middle and elderly populations. Methods Serum uric acid, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), fasting gluose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) were detected in 1073 subjects with hyperuricemia and 1235 subjects with normal serum uric acid as control of middle and elder groups. Results The means of Cr, BUN, FG, TG ,TC in hyperuricemia were significantly higher than those in the control group,respectively (males: t′ =7. 508,P ＜0.05;t′ =9. 484,P ＜0.05;t=6.208,P＜0.05;t′ =7.055,P ＜0.05;t = 5. 097,P ＜0.05;females;t′ = 11.221,P ＜0.05;t′= 8.314,P ＜0.05 ;t =5. 641 ,P ＜0.05 ;t′ =8. 328 ,P ＜0.05 ;t =7. 227 ,P ＜ 0.05). In males,the mean of the BUN; FG and TG were significant different among the different age groups (the control group: F = 3. 500, P ＜ 0.05; F = 5. 607, P ＜0.05 ;F =3. 378,P ＜0.05 ;the hyperuricemia group: F= 15.400,P ＜0.05 ;F =5. 111 ,P ＜0.05 ;F = 11. 143 ,P ＜0.05), the positive rate of BUN, Cr, FG and TG were significant different among the different age groups (control group:χ2 = 17. 112,P ＜ 0.05;χ2 =7. 807,P ＜0.05 ;χ2 = 17. 829,P ＜0.05;χ2=8.433,P ＜0.05; hyperuricemia group:χ2 =35. 587,P ＜0.05 ;χ2 =83. 005 ,P ＜0.05 ;χ2 =41. 639,P ＜0.05 ;χ2 =31. 466,P ＜0.05). In the same age group,the mean and the positive rate of BUN and Cr were significantly higher in the hyperuricemia group than in the control group(P ＜ 0.05). The mean of TG was significantly higher in every age group of the hyperuricemia group than controls (P ＜ 0.05), but the positive rate had no significant differences in the age group of ≥ 70 years (P ＞0.05). The mean and the positive rate of FG and TC were significant differences in middle age group between the hyperuricemia and the control group (P ＜ 0.05), but were no differences in elder age group(P ＞ 0.05). In females,the mean and positive rate of Cr, BUN, FG,TG and TC were significant different in different age groups of the controls(BUN:F = 13. 759,P ＜0.05;χ2 = 19. 491 ,P ＜0.05; FG: F = 13. 554,P ＜0.05;χ2 = 33. 438,P ＜0.05;TG:F= 18. 160,P ＜0.05;χ2 = 16. 978,P ＜0.05;TC: F = 37. 647,P ＜0.05;χ2 =60.547,P ＜0.05) ,but in the hyperuricemia group that were only significant difference in BUN, Cr and TC (BUN:F = 5. 830, P ＜ 0.05; χ2 =11.941,P＜0.05;Cr:F=4.057,P ＜0.05;χ2 =20.097,P＜0.05;TC:F=7.934,P ＜0.05;χ2 = 16.405,P ＜0.05). In same age group compared of all the indices were similar with male. Conclusions The mechanism of serum uric acid increasing are different in middle age and elderly age. In middle age, it is metabolic disturbance. However,in elderly age it is descending of the kidney function.

Objective To study the pathogenesis of upper gastrointestinal rehaemorrhagia after the transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt (TIPS) and its influencing factor.Methods Fifty postoperative patients with TIPS were selected.The patients were followed-up,and the effect of the various factors in the role of upper gastrointestinal rehaemorrhagia after TIPS was analyzed.Results The portal vein pressure of 50 patients with TIPS decreased from preoperative (39.8 ±9.2) cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa) to postoperative (25.2 ± 5.8) cmH2O,and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Fourteen patients appeared upper gastrointestinal rehaemorrhagia after TIPS,which accounted for total of 28％ (14/50) and included 3 cases of postoperative vomiting blood within 3 days.Acute stomach mucosa lesions bleeding was considered,and bleeding was controlled within a short-term medical treatment (1 patient after more than a year in recurrent upper gastrointestinal rehaemorrhagia).Twelve cases of patients appeared upper gastrointestinal rehaemorrhagia within 2 years after TIPS,and the causes of rehaemorrhagia in 6 cases were esophageal variceal rehaemorrhagia,gastric and duodenal ulcer in 3 cases,erosive gastritis in 2 cases,coagulation abnormalities in 1 case.Esophageal variceal rehaemorrhagia rate was 12％ (6/50).Conclusions The main reasons of upper gastrointestinal rehaemorrhagia after TIPS are variceal rehaemorrhagia and non variceal rehaemorrhagia,both of which are important causes of rehaemorrhagia after TIPS.Variceal rehaemorrhagia after TIPS occurs more than 3 months,and non variceal rehaemorrhagia occurs within 3months,so it is very important to protect gastric mucosa with proton pump inhibitor in postoperative patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of hepatic pedicle exclusion and low central venous pressure (LCVP) on blood loss in right lobe tumor resection and evaluate its influence on hepatic and renal function. Methods Forty-eight patients with right lobe tumor admitted from December 2006 to June 2008 were randomly allocated to the LCVP group (23 cases) and routine hepatectomy, (control group 25 cases). During the parenchymal transection phase of surgery, CVP < 5 mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) and SBP ≥90 mm Hg were maintained in the LCVP group by drugs. However, no special management of CVP and SBP was done in control group. The parenchymal transection blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative hepatic and renal function changes between two groups were compared, and the incidence of comphcation was also observed. Results There were no significant difference in type of hepatectomy, time of vascular clamping, period of operation, postoperative complication rate, postoperative hepatic and renal functions between two groups. Parenchymal transection blood loss in the LCVP group was significantly lower than that in the control group (326.67 ± 109.13 ) ml vs (538.33 ± 177.07 ) ml, (P < 0.01 ). Postoperative hospital stay in the LCVP group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (8.52 ± 1.78) d vs (9.40±1.68) d, (P < 0.05). Conclusions Hepatic pedicle exclusion and LCVP during hepatectomy is safe. It can reduced blood loss during parenchymal transection and decrease postoperative hospital stay. It is no detrimental effect to hepatic or renal function.

Objective To evaluate immunogenicity of the recombinant protein GST-p55/570 of Pneumocystis carinii.Methods The fusion protein GST-p55/570 was expressed from the prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-570,and purified by using glutathione-agarose.The expressed product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.Thirty-three mice were randomly divided into three groups,immunized with GST-p55/570,GST and PBS,respectively.Each group was immunized for four times at 2 week intervals.At the 7th day after final immunization,spleen was removed to obtain single cell suspension.Proliferation ability of lymphocytes was determined by MTT.Serum samples were collected at pre-immunizaton and two weeks after each immunization.Antibody level in sera of mice was determined by ELISA.The immune response to the recombinant GST-p55/570 recognized by sera of immunized mice was examined by Western blotting.Results The expressed fusion protein GST-p55/570 showed a Mr 47 000.Compared with GST group(1.134 5?0.073 5) or PBS group(1.124 8?0.041 6),a higher stimulation index(2.063 0?0.160 2) was revealed in GST-p55/570-immunized mice(P

Objective To explore the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced iNOS expression and NO production in rat Schwann cells by the use of inhibitors PD98059 selective for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(EPK1/2), SB202190 for P38 MAPK and SP600125 for the c-Jun NH_2-terminal kinase (JNK). Methods Schwann cells were pretreated with PD98059 (30, 50, 70?mol/L), SB202190 (10, 20, 40?mol/L) and SP600125 (10, 30, 50?mol/L) at the indicated concentrations for 1 hour before the stimulation with LPS (10mg/L) for 4 hour. The estimation of iNOS mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA was performed by RT-PCR; the changes of iNOS protein expression were investigated by Western blotting. The NO level was observed with measurement of nitrite in the cell culture medium. Results LPS could significantly activate MAPK signal pathway and lead to the expression of iNOS and NO production. The iNOS expression and NO production induced by LPS stimulation were significantly inhibited by the three highly specific inhibitors of MAPK. In addition, the inhibitors decreased LPS-induced the expression of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA. Conclusion Activation of MAPK pathway is involved in iNOS expression and NO production in rat Schwann cells, and the inhibition of the signal transduction pathway can be effective to reduce the production of iNOS and NO, which may be a useful strategy against inflammatory and immune reaction after peripheral nerve injury.

Objective To evaluate the pancreaticojejunostomy procedures selection strategy after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 305 cases who received pancreaticoduodenetomy at Shanghai Renji Hospital from Jan 2010 to Jan 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with pancreatic duct diameter≥3 mm,duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy was applied(120 cases).For duct diameter ＜ 3 mm,modified Child pancreaticojejunostomy was applied to 80 cases when pancreatic stump was large,or binding pancreaticojejunostomy procedures was applied to 105 cases while pancreatic stump was small.Results The diameter of the pancreatic stump in modified Child group was significantly larger than that in the binding group (F =5.78,P ＜ 0.05).The overall incidence of pancreatic fistula was 11.1％ (34/305).There were no significant differences in the incidences of pancreatic fistula,peritoneal bleeding,abdominal infection,digestive dysfunction rate,the mean duration of hospital and the death cases among the three groups (x2 =1.51,2.78,1.16,3.75,1.94,F=2.13,P＞0.05).Conclusions Three different pancreaticojejunostomies based on the size of pancreatic duct and pancreatic stump are equally safe and effective as a reconstructive method after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objective To evaluate the mechanism of altered gastrointestinal motility in portal hypertensive rats. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups:sham- operation control (SO, n=8), prehepatic portal hypertension by partial stenosis of the portal vein (PHPH, n=8 ), intrahepatic portal hypertension induced by injection of CCl 4 (IHPH, n=8), and intrahepatic portal hypertension with portacaval shunt (IHPH-PCS, n=8). Gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity and motility were monitored. Gastrointestinal hormones were measured with radioimmunoassay.Results Compared with SO rats, gastrointestinal motor index(MI) were reduced and abnormal myoelectrical activity were recorded (P