In recent years, the incidence of myopia has been increasing alongside the growing global population, emerging as a significant public health challenge worldwide. Individuals with myopia exhibit an elongated axial length, which leads to various structural and functional ocular changes, resulting in the risk of related eye diseases and, in severe cases, blindness. Unfortunately, once myopia develops, it is irreversible. The only way to prevent or slow its progression is through appropriate treatment. The current focal point in myopia prevention and control is the peripheral myopic defocus theory. This paper summarizes the relevant research on defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS)lenses, following a systematic analysis of the literature. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of DIMS compared to other myopia control methods, and discusses the application prospects and future directions of defocus lenses represented by DIMS, aiming to provide reference and guidance for the control of myopia progression in children and adolescents.

[Objective] To explore the safety and efficacy of submucosal injection of glycerol and fructose saline in bladder tumor endoscopic submucosal dissection (BT-ESD) with a 450 nm blue laser semiconductor treatment machine in the treatment of non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). [Methods] Clinical data of 20 patients with bladder tumor treated with submucosal injection of glycerol and fructose saline BT-ESD via a 450 nm blue laser semiconductor treatment machine at our hospital during Nov.2023 and Apr.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients included 13 males and 7 females, aged (64.95±6.89) years, tumor diameter (1.02±0.24) cm, and preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) (130.55±4.36) g/L.The operation time, Hb the next day after operation, positive rate of tumor basal biopsy, postoperative bladder irrigation time, catheter indwelling time, postoperative hospital stay, complications and recurrence rate were recorded. [Results] All operations were successful, and 28 lesions were removed.The postoperative pathological results confirmed that all cases were NMIBC, and the basal mucosa biopsies were negative.The operation time was (9.40±3.14) min, postoperative Hb (130.15±4.59) g/L, bladder irrigation time (17.70±1.34) h, catheter indwelling time 1 day, and postoperative hospital stay 1 day.There were no complications such as obturator nerve reflex, bladder perforation.There were no need for blood transfusion, no conversion to open surgery, and no secondary bleeding after operation.No tumor recurrence was found during 6-month postoperative follow up. [Conclusion] Submucosal injection of glycerol and fructose saline BT-ESD with a 450 nm blue laser semiconductor treatment machine is a safe and effective method for the treatment of NMIBC.It has advantages of whole enucleation of bladder tumor, clear basal layer, small amount of bleeding, short operation time and few complications.It can be used as a day surgery and is worthy of clinical promotion.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral helper T (T PH ) cells are uniquely positioned within pathologically inflamed non-lymphoid tissues to stimulate B-cell responses and antibody production. However, the phenotype, function, and clinical relevance of T PH cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are currently unknown. METHODS: Blood, tumor, and peritumoral liver tissue samples from 39 HCC patients (Sep 2016-Aug 2017) and 101 HCC patients (Sep 2011-Dec 2012) at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were used. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the expression, phenotype, and function of T PH cells. Log-rank tests were performed to evaluate disease-free survival and overall survival in samples from 39 patients and 101 patients with HCC. T PH cells, CD19 + B cells, and T follicular helper (T FH ) cells were cultured separately in vitro or isolated from C57/B6L mice in vivo for functional assays. RESULTS: T PH cells highly infiltrated tumor tissues, which was correlated with tumor size, early recurrence, and shorter survival time. The tumor-infiltrated T PH cells showed a unique ICOS hi CXCL13 + IL-21 - MAF + BCL-6 - phenotype and triggered naïve B-cell differentiation into regulatory B cells. Triggering programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) induced the production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) by T PH cells, which then suppressed tumor-specific immunity and promoted disease progression. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of T PH cell-regulatory B-cell-mediated immunosuppression and provides an important perspective for determining the balance between the differentiation of protumorigenic T PH cells and that of antitumorigenic T FH cells in the HCC microenvironment.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism* ; Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Female ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism* ; Flow Cytometry ; Interleukin-21 ; Aged ; Chemokine CXCL13/metabolism*

Elemene is widely recognized as an effective anti-cancer compound and is routinely administered in Chinese clinical settings for the management of several solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its detailed molecular mechanism has not been adequately demonstrated. In this research, it was demonstrated that elemene effectively curtailed NSCLC growth in the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Mechanistically, employing high-throughput screening techniques and subsequent biochemical validations such as microscale thermophoresis (MST), microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) was pinpointed as a critical target through which elemene exerts its anti-tumor effects. Interestingly, elemene serves as a binding stabilizer for miR-145-5p, demonstrating a strong binding affinity (dissociation constant (K _D) = 0.39 ± 0.17 μg/mL) and preventing its degradation both in vitro and in vivo, while not interfering with the synthesis of the primary microRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) and precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). The stabilization of miR-145-5p by elemene resulted in an increased level of this miRNA, subsequently suppressing NSCLC progression through the miR-145-5p/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3)/nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) pathway. Our findings provide a new perspective on revealing the interaction patterns between clinical anti-tumor drugs and miRNAs.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has a unique structure that makes monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparation challenging. This study aims to develop a method for preparing HbA1c mAbs and establish a fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (FICA) for rapid detection of HbA1c. Three glycosylated peptides were synthesized and used to prepare complete antigens, which were identified by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The complete antigens and natural HbA1c were used for cross-immunization of mice, and the optimal complete antigen was selected. The mouse with the highest serum titer was chosen for mAb preparation. The purity and specificity of the mAbs were verified, and a FICA method was developed. The optimal complete antigen, with a titer of 1:512 000, was successfully prepared and selected. Fusion with splenocytes resulted in four specific HbA1c antibodies (purity > 90%). The best antibody exhibited a binding constant (Ka) of 1.67×10¹⁰ L/mol with the antigen. Based on this antibody, a FICA method was successfully established, capable of producing results within 15 min. The method demonstrated a good linear range (3%-13% HbA1c, y=0.071 3x+0.005 6, R²=0.993 7), recovery rates of 98%-102%, precision < 10.00%, and no nonspecific reactions. Clinical testing of 210 samples showed positive agreement of 96.36%, negative agreement of 97.00%, and overall agreement of 96.68%. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an area under curve (AUC) of 0.980 9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.961 0-1.000 0], with high consistency verified in multicenter studies. We successfully developed a key technique for preparing HbA1c monoclonal antibodies and established a FICA method for rapid detection of HbA1c. It will provide an efficient and convenient detection method for the early diagnosis and long-term management of diabetes and its complications.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis* ; Animals ; Mice ; Glycated Hemoglobin/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Humans ; Antibody Specificity ; Chromatography, Affinity/methods* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods* ; Female

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with thalamic infarction.Methods The clinical data of 47 patients with simple thalamic infarction hospitalized in Beijing Shuili Hospital from January 2016 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted imaging were used to determine the infarct area of the thalamus,and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with different thalamic infarction regions were observed.Results Among 47 patients with simple thalamic infarction,there were 4 cases of anterior nucleus infarction,22 cases of lateral nucleus infarction,13 cases of medial nucleus infarction and 8 cases of posterior nucleus infarction.The most common clinical manifestations were contralateral hemiplegia,hemidysesthesia and memory impairment.The clinical prognosis of patients with lateral nucleus,anterior nucleus and posterior nucleus infarcts was better,and the prognosis of patients with medial nucleus infarcts was worst.At 90 days of follow-up,the scores of the modified Barthel index were significantly higher than those at admission(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with thalamic infarction were prone to clinical manifestations such as hemiplegia,hemidysesthesia and memory impairment,but the overall prognosis is good.

Outer membrane vesicle (OMV), originating from the outermost membrane of cells, is the extracellular vesicles released by gram-negative bacteria, containing bacterial outer membrane components such as phospholipids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane protein, and bacterial-specific antigens. OMV plays an important role in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis, involving in biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, stress and inflammatory responses, and delivery of toxins and other biomolecules. It also plays a vital role in immune regulation and the establishment and maintenance of balanced intestinal microflora. This article provides an overview of the roles of OMV in bacterial infections and immune regulation and the potential application value of OMV in tumor-targeted therapy and new vaccine preparation in the hope to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy and safety of 450 nm blue laser with 6 o’clock positioning in the treatment of middle lobe hyperplasia of prostate, in order to promote the clinical application of this surgery. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 20 patients with middle lobe hyperplasia of prostate treated with 450 nm blue laser with 6 o’clock positioning during Mar.and Aug.2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time, postoperative bladder irrigation time, catheter indwelling time, hospital stay, and complications were recorded.The maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual volume (PVR), quality of life scale (QoL), international prostate symptom score (IPSS) before surgery and 1 month after surgery were compared. 【Results】 The operation time was (26.80±7.22) min, and bladder irrigation time was (20.50±1.79) h.The catheter was removed on the next day after surgery and all patients were discharged 2 days after operation.Compared to preoperative, one month after surgery, the Qmax [(7.40±1.05) mL/s vs.(19.60±1.76) mL/s] was significantly higher, PVR [(73.50±12.26) mL vs.(9.25±4.94) mL], QoL [(4.55±1.19) vs.(1.95±0.95)], and IPSS [(26.55±1.88) vs.(10.05±1.36)] were significantly lower, the differences being statistically significant (P<0.05).No complications occurred during operation and 1-month follow-up. 【Conclusion】 The 450 nm blue laser with 6 o’clock positioning is a new, safe and effective surgical treatment of middle lobe hyperplasia of prostate, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of"ditching and ridge removal"with 450 nm semiconductor blue laser in the treatment of large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),in order to promote the clinical application of this method.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients with large volume BPH treated with"ditching and ridge removal"with 450 nm semiconductor blue laser in Yingsheng Branch of Tai'an Central Hospital during Sep.and Dec.2023.The laser operation time,level of hemoglobin before and after operation,bladder irrigation time after operation,urinary catheter indwelling time,postoperative hospital stay,and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.The changes of international prostate symptom score(IPSS),quality of life scale(QoL)score,maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax)and post-void residual volume(PVR)were compared before and 1 month after operation.Results The volume of prostate was(104.5±14.52)mL,the laser operation time was(20.13±2.98)min,and the bladder irrigation time was(20.27±2.56)h.The catheter was removed in all patients 2 days after operation,and all patients were discharged 3 days after operation.One month after operation,the IPSS,QoL,Qmax and PVR were significantly improved as compared with those before operation(P＜0.05).No complications occurred during the follow-up.Conclusion"Ditching and ridge removal"with 450 nm semiconductor blue laser is a new,safe and effective method in the treatment of large volume BPH.

Objective To explore the effects of transurethral blue laser vaporization of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)on the sexual function and lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 91 BPH patients admitted to our department during Mar.and Aug.2023.The patients were divided into two groups,46 in the blue laser group,and 45 in the transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate(PKRP)group.The operation time,bladder irrigation time,catheter indwelling time and postoperative hospitalization time of the two groups were compared.Postvoid residual(PVR),maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),international prostatic symptoms score(I PSS),quality of life score(QoL),international index of erectile function-5(IIEF-5)score,the Chinese index of premature ejaculation(CIPE)score and incidence of retrograde ejaculation were compared before and 6 months after operation.Results The operation time[(24.66±5.38)min vs.(62.50±3.85)min],bladder irrigation time[(20.40±2.78)h vs.(51.93±5.02)h],catheter indwelling time(1.65±0.89)d vs.(6.73±2.98)d]and postoperative hospitalization time[(4.26±1.57)d vs.(8.45±2.28)d]were significantly shorter in the blue laser group than in the PKRP group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in Qmax,PVR,QoL and IPSS between the two groups before and 6 months after operation(P＞0.05).Six months after surgery,the IIEF-5 score and CIPE score of the blue laser group were higher than those of the PKRP group[(20.02±2.63)vs.(17.64±1.75);(30.88±3.45)vs.(26.25±3.51)],but the incidence of retrograde ejaculation was lower(4.35％vs.35.60％),with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Blue laser vaporization of the prostate can improve lower urinary tract symptoms and protect sexual function.