Recombinant human adenovirus p53(Ad-p53)injection has been used for treating tumors in combination with several local therapeutic methods. Taking liver cancer as an example,this article introduces the combination of Ad-p53 in procedures of interventional therapy. Mechanisms of their effects are emphasized to pursue an optimal synergism in killing tumors. Intratumoral injection is suggested as the first choice of Ad-p53 administration with the least recommended dosage for a single tumor. The optimal time for intervention of liver cancer is supposed to be 2 to 5 days after the administration of Ad-p53. There are several theories on the therapeutic method taking p53 as a target,some of them are contradictional; therefore one has to select either activating or inhibiting the p53 pathway beforehand. For advanced malignancies,the selection should be cautious for appropriater cases from the proper candidates.

Angiogenesis, i.e. neovascularization from preexisting vasculature, is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes of the body, including the initiation, maintenance and progression of tumors. The process of angiogenesis depends on the dynamic balance between the activities of proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Angiogenesis inhibitors specifically prevent endothelial cells from proliferation, migration and tube formation. One of the inhibitors is endostatin, which is of wide spectrum and possesses profound angiogenesis inhibition and therapeutic effects on tumors with rich vasculature. This paper aims to explain the mechanism of the action, structure and biological function of endostatin, and to discuss its application in anti-neoplastic therapies and the issues in the field of interventional radiology. The authors point out emphatically that the application scheme must be designed strictly and scientifically. Only when combination use of endostatin with other therapeutics which can effectively destroy tumor tissues is carried out to gain synergistic and intensified effect, can marked objective efficacy be obtained.

Objective To find out if apoptosis is induced after intra-radiotherapy and its effects on pericarcinomal tissue. Methods From 1994 to 1998, 44 patients with unresectable liver cancer received 32 P-GMS intra-radiotherapy. After 2 to 6 months the tumors in 3 cases could be resected and we used this cases as the treatment group. We use 4 patients with resectional HCC of same age, diseased region, differentiated but without anyother therapy as the control group. The TUNEL staining was used to stain the resected tissue, and the apoptosis index was counted. Results The apoptosis index of carcinoma was 29%～34%, average (31?16)% in the treatment group and that of the control group was 4%～6%, average (5?12.2)%. The apoptosis index of pericarcinomal tissue was 27%～37%, average (35?11)% in the treatment group and that of the control group was 0.3%～5%, average (4.1?3.3)%. Conclusion 32 P-GMS intra-radiotherapy can enhance the apoptosis of HCC and its adjacent tissue.

CalliSpheres(R) embolic microspheres for embolization of the vasculature of liver cancer are designed,manufactured,and verified,in order to improve the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatnent of primary liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with first-episode liver metastasis of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and risk factors for liver metastasis of breast cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 122 breast cancer patients with first-episode liver metastasis from January 2009 to January 2014.According to the cell surface receptors of breast cancer,these patients were divided into the four molecular subtypes of Luminal A,Luminal B,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression,and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).The association of patients' age at initial diagnosis,body mass index (BMI),menstruation status,clinical TNM (cTNM) stage,levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at recurrence,liver metastasis,and treatment condition with the patients' prognosis were analyzed.The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data,the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis,the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis of influencing factors,and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis.Results Among the 122 patients,12 had Luminal A subtype,61 had Luminal B subtype,30 had HER2 overexpression subtype,and 19 had TNBC subtype.In the patients with Luminal A,Luminal B,HER2 overexpression,and TNBC subtypes,the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 32,23,16,and 10 months,respectively (P =0.001),the median overall survival (OS) was 54,35,26,and 13 months,respectively (P =0.003),and the median OS after liver metastasis was 30,16,10,and 9 months,respectively (P =0.019).In HER2-positive patients,the application of trastuzumab in the past significantly prolonged the patients' DFS by 11 months and OS by 18 months (P ＜ 0.05).The results of the multivariate analysis showed that cTNM stage,molecular subtype,and targeted therapy were independent influencing factors for DFS of breast cancer patients with liver metastasis (P ＜ 0.05),and that BMI,increased LDH at recurrence,cTNM stage,molecular subtype,salvage chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted therapy were independent influencing factors for OS of breast cancer patients with liver metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).The patients with TNBC,HER2 overexpression,and Luminal B subtypes exhibited worse prognosis and had a risk of recurrence 15.97,8.81,and 4.76 times higher than those with Luminal A subtype.The risk of death in the patients with TNBC,HER2 overexpression,and Luminal B subtypes was 8.42,6.02,and 3.86 times that in those with Luminal A subtype.Conclusion The prognosis of breast cancer patients with first-episode liver metastasis is associated with the increase in LDH when liver metastasis occurs,BMI,cTNM stage,and molecular subtype.Compared with the patients with Luminal subtypes,those with HER2 overexpression and TNBC subtypes tend to develop liver metastasis in early stage and have a shorter OS.Salvage chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and radiotherapy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with liver metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of sole percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) compared to that of PMCT combining with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of primary hepatoma.Methods A total of 50 patients diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were recruited and divided into two groups.Group A included 15 patients only treated with PMCT.The other 35 ones falling into group B were treated with PMCT in combination with TACE.Analysis of therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects were conducted.Results The objective effect rates in group A and group B were 40.0％ and 62.8％,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P =0.136).The one-year survival rates of the two groups were 46.6％ and 71.4％,respectively(P =0.095);and the twoyear survival rates were 26.7％ and 42.8％,respectively (P =0.048).No grade Ⅲ adverse effects or beyond were observed.Conclusion PCMT combining with TACE is safe and more effective in one-year survival than PCMT alone for the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.