Objective To investigate the application of numerical simulation technique in supraorbital and frontal osseous defect.Methods The data of the patients with complex supraorbital and frontal osseous defects were obtained by helix CT scan.Numerical model based on the data was built up by computer.And the true model was produced by Rapid Prototyping.Being stimulated before this operation.the model was directly used in the operation.Results All of these 12 patients(one of defect of brow,four fracture of brow and zygoma,seven of old fracture of brow and zygoma)in this study were satisfied and their brows were symmetry after operation.All of them were satisfied after 1 or 2 years,without implantation exposure and transfiguration except one with infection.Conclusion Based on numerical technique difficulties of repairing,complex supraorbital and frontal osseous defect could be resolved by such process as collecting the bone data,stimulating operation by true models,and producing implantation before the operation.The accuracy of these operations can be improved.

The cardiovascular ion channel disease is one of the main among ion channel diseases.It plays the important effect of cardiovascular disease.Ion channel diseases are responsible for almost all arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.This text reviews genetic and acquired cardiac ion channel diseases,and associated treatments are introduced briefly.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin type A injection and acupuncture on periorbital wrinkles.Methods From May to September in 2015,24 patents were randomly divided into experimental and control group according to random number table:the patients in experimental group were treated with disposable acupuncture needles,20 min for each treatment,once a day,five times each course for courses,2 days interval between the two courses;the patients in control group were treated with 20 units of hotulinum toxin type A injection.The therapeutic results were observed 2 weeks after the treatment by the third-party doctor according to skin wrinkles grading.Results The periorbital wrinkles in both groups improved remarkably,and the wrinkle grading in control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (0.67±0.67 vs 1.33±0.61,P＜0.05).The skin quality and facial expression sensation in the experimental group improved significantly when compared with those in the control group.Conclusions Acupuncture can be used as a complementary treatment of periorbital wrinkles,and it improves the skin quality in terms of elasticity and color and keeps the natural facial expression sensation.

Objective To study the pathologenesis and to evaluate an operative method of blepharochalasis. Methods A double eyelid-fold incision was made. The lacrimal glands were found and repositioned into lacrimal glands fossa behind superolateral orbital rim. Then redundant skin and muscles as well as hernia septal fat were removed. Results Twenty-three patients were successfully treated by the mentioned methods from 1998 to 2002. A good clinical results in both function and appearance were achieved. Conclusion It is convenient and effective to treat blepharochalasis through a double eyelid fold incision.

Weight loss may reduce the risk of diabetes,cardiovascular disease,hypertension,certain cancers and so on.Current weight-loss methods include surgery,diet and exercise.According to ingredient ratio,weight-loss diet is classified as low-fat diet,low-carbohydrate diet and high-protein diet.This review summarizes recent evidence on the efficacy of the weight-loss diet on serum lipid levels.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) incision for pain induced by brachial plexus injury. Methods A cohort study was performed in 41 consecutive patients with pain induced by brachial plexus injury treated with DREZ incision from July 2005 to December 2007. Of all, 19 patients were amputated and had phantom limb sensation. Oral pain relief (0%-100%) and complications were followed up by one professional doctor. Oral pain relief rate ≥50% was considered satisfactory outcome. Results The proportion of patients with satisfactory pain relief was 90% (37/41), 81% (30/37), 77% (24/31) and 70% (16/23) at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and last follow-up (over one year) after surgery. At last follow-up, 15 out of 16 patients with over 10 years of pain duration got satisfactory pain relief; while only 16 out of 25 patients with less than 10 years of pain duration got satisfactory pain relief (x2 =4.682, P =0.030). In 16 amputees who were followed up for more than three months, seven patients with alteration of phantom limb sensation got satisfactory pain relief, while only four out of nine patients without alteration of phantom limb sensation got satisfactory pain relief. Among 37 patients followed up for more than three months, severe neurological defects were found in three patients including one with mild motor disturbance in the ipsilateral lower limb and two with severe sensory disturbance in the ipsilateral lower limb. Conclusions DREZ incisions are effective and safe neurosurgical procedure for relieving pain induced by brachial plexus injury. The possible predictive factors of better outcome are the long preoperative pain duration and postoperative phantom limb sensation among amputees.

BACKGROUND:Among the factors causing vascular endothelial cell injury,angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) caused by renin-angiotensin system (RAS), especially by local RAS, plays an important patho-physiological role.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on the vascular endothelial cells secreting nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene expression as well as intracellular Ca2+ level induced by Ang Ⅱ, and investigate the protective effect of tanshinone ⅡA on vascular endothelial cells.DESIGN: Controlled observation experiment.SETTING: Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Experimental Center for Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2006 to October 2006. Porcine aorta used in this experiment was provided by the Department of Pathophysiology of Tongji Medical College.METHODS: Nitric acid deoxidization method and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the effects of Ang Ⅱ of different concentrations (10-8 to 10-6 mol/L) on endothelial cells secreting NO and eNOS mRNA expression in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells at different time points (1,6 and 24 hours) separately, then 50 mg/L tanshinone Ⅱ A was respectively added at different time point (0, 6 hours) when Ang Ⅱ was at 10-6 mol/L, and changes in NO production and eNOS gene expression were detected respectively at 1, 6 and 24 hours. Intracellular Ca2+ level was also detected with laser scanning confocal microscopy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① NO content. ②eNOS mRNA expression. ③Intracellular Ca2+ level.RESULTS: ① NO production and eNOS mRNA expression were decreased with increase of Ang Ⅱ concentration and prolongation of time (P ＜ 0.01). ② NO production and eNOS mRNA expression in each tanshinone ⅡA-treated group were significantly higher than those in the Ang Ⅱ group. At 1 and 6 hours of tanshinone ⅡA treatment, production of NO and eNOS mRNA expression in the Ang Ⅱ + tanshinone ⅡA group were significantly higher than those in the Ang Ⅱ 6 hours + tanshinone ⅡA group (P ＜ 0.05); There were no significant differences in NO production and eNOS mRNA expression between two groups at 24 hours (P ＞ 0.05). ③Intracellular Ca2+ level in the Ang Ⅱ group was significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.01), and intracellular Ca2+ level in the tanshinone ⅡA + Ang Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in the Ang Ⅱ group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Tanshinone Ⅱ A has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells and their functions by suppressing the inhibition of Ang Ⅱ on NO level and eNOS gene expression in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of year-round respiratory viral infection in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and the relationship between respiratory viral infection and allergen sensitization in exacerbating asthma. Methods A total of 231 hospitalized children with acute LRTI were investigated from May 2013 to April 2014. The 5 most common respiratory viruses were isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirate using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (AV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), influenza virus (IFV) and rhinovirus (RV). Atopic sensitization was defined if more than 1 serum specific immunoglobulin E level measured using immunofluorescence experiment was over 0.35 IU/mL. Results RSV was the most common pathogen of bronchiolitis in hospitalized children through the year. RV or IFV infections were more prevalent in asthma exacerbations compared to other LRTIs. AV was more likely to cause pneumonia. RV and IFV were associated with asthma exacerbations in children with atopic sensitization, but not in nonatopic children. Conclusion RV and IFV are associated with hospitalization for asthma exacerbation in children with atopic sensitization.

Objective To identify the risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of ALRI. Methods Several databases including Pubmed, Databases-Medline (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL and Global Health Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Date were searched (1990.1-2014.12) for references. All selected studies were about risk factors of ALRI in children. The screening and quality evalua? tion of the literature data was conducted independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 11.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results Meta-analysis of 27 included literature showed that seven risk fac?tors were significantly associated with severe ALRI:low birth weight, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, crowded household, ex?posure to indoor air pollution, malnutrition, living in a house with smokers or smoking in pregnant and HIV-exposed unin?fected condition. Conclusion The above seven risk factors play the important role in the development of ALRI in children. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further studies investigating other potential risk factors to decrease the possibility of childhood ALRI.

Purpose To explore the effects of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B ( PR-A,PR-B) on carcinogenesis and progres-sion of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma ( OSC) . Methods The expressions of PR-A and PR-B in 52 cases of OSC, 22 cases of o-varian borderline serous cystadenoma ( OBSC) , 22 cases of umbrella of normal fallopian ( UNF) were detected by immunohistochmical Elivision technique. Results The expression of PR-A in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs were 94. 5%, 94. 5%, and 68. 38%, respective-ly, with there were statistical significance among three groups (P<0. 05). The expression of PR-B in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs were 100%, 77. 27%, and 40. 38%, respectively, with there were statistical significance among three groups (P<0. 05). The difference of PR-A/PR-B ratio in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs was statistical significance ( P<0. 05 ) . The expressions of PR-A and PR-B in OSCs were lower, there were statistical significance between the clinical stageⅠ+Ⅱ andⅢ+Ⅳ (P<0. 05), and histological gradeⅠandⅡ. The difference of PR-A/PR-B ratio between the histological gradeⅠandⅡin OSC was statistical significance. There was statistical significance of PR-B between OSCs with lymph metastasis and without lymph metastasis (P<0. 05). Expression of PR-A and PR-B in OSC was positive correlation (P<0. 05). Conclusion With the carcinogenesis and progression of OSC, the expressions of PR-A and PR-B gradually declined, and the downregulation of PR-B is more obvious, may be an important biological sign of malignant transfor-mation in ovarian tissue. The increasing ratio of PR-A to PR-B in OSC may indicate poor differentiation. The relatively higher expres-sion of PR-B may inhibit the lymph metastasis in OSC.