Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of linarin(LIN)against microglia activation-mediated inflammation and neuronal apoptosis following spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Fifty C57BL/6J mice(8-10 weeks old)were randomized to receive sham operation,SCI and linarin treatment at 12.5,25,and 50 mg/kg following SCI(n=10).Locomotor function recovery of the SCI mice was assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale,inclined plane test,and footprint analysis,and spinal cord tissue damage and myelination were evaluated using HE and LFB staining.Nissl staining,immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to observe surviving anterior horn motor neurons in injured spinal cord tissue.In cultured BV2 cells,the effects of linarin against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglia activation,inflammatory factor release and signaling pathway changes were assessed with immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and ELISA.In a BV2 and HT22 cell co-culture system,Western blotting was performed to examine the effect of linarin against HT22 cell apoptosis mediated by LPS-induced microglia activation.Results Linarin treatment significantly improved locomotor function(P<0.05),reduced spinal cord damage area,increased spinal cord myelination,and increased the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the SCI mice(P<0.05).In both SCI mice and cultured BV2 cells,linarin effectively inhibited glial cell activation and suppressed the release of iNOS,COX-2,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β,resulting also in reduced neuronal apoptosis in SCI mice(P<0.05).Western blotting suggested that linarin-induced microglial activation inhibition was mediated by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.In the cell co-culture experiments,linarin treatment significantly decreased inflammation-mediated apoptosis of HT22 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion The neuroprotective effect of linarin is medicated by inhibition of microglia activation via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,which mitigates neural inflammation and reduce neuronal apoptosis to enhance motor function of the SCI mice.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of leukemia incidence in Qidong between 1972 and 2021, and provide guidelines for prevention and control measures and strategies.Methods:The cancer registry data was collected and analyzed on leukemia incidence during 1972—2021 in Qidong by sex, age and time. Crude incidence rate (CR), China age-standardized rate (ASRC), world age-standardized rate (ASRW), and average annual change percentage (AAPC) was calculated by Joinpoint software. Age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the changes in the incidence trend of leukemia patients.Results:From 1972 to 2021, there were 2 948 patients with leukemia in Qidong, accounting for 2.00% of all cancer new cases, CR of leukemia was 5.26/10 5, ASRC was 4.34/10 5, ASRW was 4.35/10 5. The truncated incidence of 35—64 years old was 5.29/10 5, the cumulative incidence rate between the ages of 0 and 74 years old was 0.40%, the cumulative risk was 0.40%. There were 1 608 male patients, the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 5.81/10 5, 4.88/10 5 and 4.85/10 5. The number of female patients were 1 340, and the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 4.71/10 5, 3.86/10 5 and 3.91/10 5, respectively. Temporal trends indicated significant upward trends in ASRC among both gender, males and females with AAPC values of 1.41% ( P＜0.001), 1.15% ( P＜0.001), and 1.73% ( P＜0.001), respectively. The results of the APC model showed that the average net drift value of leukemia incidence in all age groups was 1.57% (95% CI, 1.24%-1.89%), and the highest value of local drift was 3.20% (95% CI, 1.63%-4.78%) in the 80~ years old group. The incidence of leukemia increased with age. With the passage of time, the risk of leukemia incidence increased gradually compared with the rate ratio of leukemia incidence (risk ratio [ RR], 1.00) in 1992—1996, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.70 during 1972—1976 to 1.57 during 2017—2021. The later the cohort was born, the greater the risk of leukemia incidence compared with the relative risk of leukemia incidence ( RR, 1.00) in 1952—1956 cohort, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.24 in the 1892—1896 cohort to 2.73 in the 2017—2021 cohort. Conclusions:The incidence of the leukemia has presented a rising trend in the past fifty years. Leukemia incidence increased with age, and the period and cohort effects on the risk of incidence increase. Further research is needed to investigate the risk factors related to leukemia.

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of linarin(LIN)against microglia activation-mediated inflammation and neuronal apoptosis following spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Fifty C57BL/6J mice(8-10 weeks old)were randomized to receive sham operation,SCI and linarin treatment at 12.5,25,and 50 mg/kg following SCI(n=10).Locomotor function recovery of the SCI mice was assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale,inclined plane test,and footprint analysis,and spinal cord tissue damage and myelination were evaluated using HE and LFB staining.Nissl staining,immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to observe surviving anterior horn motor neurons in injured spinal cord tissue.In cultured BV2 cells,the effects of linarin against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglia activation,inflammatory factor release and signaling pathway changes were assessed with immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and ELISA.In a BV2 and HT22 cell co-culture system,Western blotting was performed to examine the effect of linarin against HT22 cell apoptosis mediated by LPS-induced microglia activation.Results Linarin treatment significantly improved locomotor function(P<0.05),reduced spinal cord damage area,increased spinal cord myelination,and increased the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the SCI mice(P<0.05).In both SCI mice and cultured BV2 cells,linarin effectively inhibited glial cell activation and suppressed the release of iNOS,COX-2,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β,resulting also in reduced neuronal apoptosis in SCI mice(P<0.05).Western blotting suggested that linarin-induced microglial activation inhibition was mediated by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.In the cell co-culture experiments,linarin treatment significantly decreased inflammation-mediated apoptosis of HT22 cells(P<0.05).Conclusion The neuroprotective effect of linarin is medicated by inhibition of microglia activation via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,which mitigates neural inflammation and reduce neuronal apoptosis to enhance motor function of the SCI mice.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of leukemia incidence in Qidong between 1972 and 2021, and provide guidelines for prevention and control measures and strategies.Methods:The cancer registry data was collected and analyzed on leukemia incidence during 1972—2021 in Qidong by sex, age and time. Crude incidence rate (CR), China age-standardized rate (ASRC), world age-standardized rate (ASRW), and average annual change percentage (AAPC) was calculated by Joinpoint software. Age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the influence of age, period and birth cohort on the changes in the incidence trend of leukemia patients.Results:From 1972 to 2021, there were 2 948 patients with leukemia in Qidong, accounting for 2.00% of all cancer new cases, CR of leukemia was 5.26/10 5, ASRC was 4.34/10 5, ASRW was 4.35/10 5. The truncated incidence of 35—64 years old was 5.29/10 5, the cumulative incidence rate between the ages of 0 and 74 years old was 0.40%, the cumulative risk was 0.40%. There were 1 608 male patients, the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 5.81/10 5, 4.88/10 5 and 4.85/10 5. The number of female patients were 1 340, and the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 4.71/10 5, 3.86/10 5 and 3.91/10 5, respectively. Temporal trends indicated significant upward trends in ASRC among both gender, males and females with AAPC values of 1.41% ( P＜0.001), 1.15% ( P＜0.001), and 1.73% ( P＜0.001), respectively. The results of the APC model showed that the average net drift value of leukemia incidence in all age groups was 1.57% (95% CI, 1.24%-1.89%), and the highest value of local drift was 3.20% (95% CI, 1.63%-4.78%) in the 80~ years old group. The incidence of leukemia increased with age. With the passage of time, the risk of leukemia incidence increased gradually compared with the rate ratio of leukemia incidence (risk ratio [ RR], 1.00) in 1992—1996, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.70 during 1972—1976 to 1.57 during 2017—2021. The later the cohort was born, the greater the risk of leukemia incidence compared with the relative risk of leukemia incidence ( RR, 1.00) in 1952—1956 cohort, the RR of leukemia incidence increased from 0.24 in the 1892—1896 cohort to 2.73 in the 2017—2021 cohort. Conclusions:The incidence of the leukemia has presented a rising trend in the past fifty years. Leukemia incidence increased with age, and the period and cohort effects on the risk of incidence increase. Further research is needed to investigate the risk factors related to leukemia.

Objective:To explore the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and new therapeutic targets for sporadic MTC.Methods:Based on family and personal disease history, we identified 32 sporadic MTC who underwent surgical resection from Jan 2010 to Dec 2022. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features were analyzed in all patients, while 6 of them were subject to the whole exome sequencing (WES).Results:Compared with those of low-grade sporadic MTC, patients with high-grade tumors were more likely to have lymph node metastasis at presentation ( χ2=4.428, P=0.040); less likely to be cured by biochemical treatment ( χ2=4.072, P=0.044). Pathological grading scheme, biochemical cure, and TNM stage were independent risk factors of disease free survival. WES was performed on 6 pairs of normal tissues. We screened RET and RAS as driver mutations, and the mutation ratio was 3/6 respectively. Patients with RET or RAS mutations had no recurrence. In addition, we detected PDGFRA somatic mutation, with a mutation ratio of 1/6. Conclusions:For sporadic MTC cases, the pathological grading system has important prognostic value, and RET and RAS somatic mutations are the main driver mutations. PDGFRA are potential therapeutic targets for sporadic MTC.

Objectives:To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic risk factors in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with lung metastasis.Methods:Patients of differentiated thyroid cancer with lung metastasis in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were enrolled from Jan 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2016. The clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A total of 65 DTC patients with lung metastasis were collected in this study, including 56 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 9 patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma; 23 patients died and 42 patients survived. Median follow-up time was 99.4 months. There were 18 males, 47 females. Age 14-73 years, median age 51.0 years. High incidence of DTC lung metastasis was 50-59 years for males and 40-49 years for females. Based on AJCC 8th edition TNM staging, there were 37 patients in stage Ⅱ (age <55 years) and 28 patients in stage Ⅳb (age ≥55 years). The number of 131Ⅰ treatments performed ranged from 1 to 13 times, with a mean of 3.9 times. Firty-five patients were with lung metastasis alone, and 10 patients with lung metastasis and distant metastasis in other organs. Eleven patients suffered from hypoparathyroidism after 131Ⅰ treatment. COX multifactorial regression analysis found that age was independent risk factor affecting prognosis, multiple organs distant metastasis and pathologic subtype were relative risk factors affecting prognosis. There was no correlation between gender, number of 131Ⅰ treatments and poor prognosis. Conclusions:DTC has a high survival even with the occurrence of lung metastasis, but the prognosis is poor when combined with multi-organ metastasis. Age and multiple organ distant metastatic are independent risk factors affecting prognosis.

120 extracted maxillary first premolars were endodontically treated and randomly divided into 5 groups(n=24).The teeth in group A had 4 walls of coronal tooth structure,in group B,C,D and E had only 3 walls,missing the palatal,buccal,mesial and distal wall,respectively.The teeth in group A0-E0(n=6)were restored without post,in group A1-E1(n=6)with buccal post,in group A2-E2(n=6)with palatal post,in group A3-E3(n=6)with buccal and palatal post,respectively.The fracture resistance of group A was higher than that of B,C,D and E groups(P＜0.05).The fracture resistance of fiber posts placed in the buccal root canal was higher than that in the palatal root canal(P＜0.05).The 360° complete ferrule can provide the best fracture resistance,When the ferrule is not complete,it is recommended to place buccal fiber post for repair.

Objective:To explore the effect of miRNA-511-3p (miR-511-3p) on the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells, and the possible role of ATP2A2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress therein.Methods:Lung cancer tissues and paracancerous normal tissues (>2 cm from the tumor) were retrospectively collected from 69 lung cancer patients who were admitted to Huizhou Central People's Hospital from January 2020 to March 2022. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the transcript-level relative expression of miR-511-3p in cancer and paracancerous tissues, as well as immortalized lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, human lung cell line CCD-19Lu, and human lung carcinoma cell lines A549, H1975 and H1299. The lung cancer cell line A549 with the lowest relative expression level of miR-511-3p was selected for subsequent experiments. The cells were divided into miR control group (transfected with miR-511-3p irrelevant sequence), miR-511-3p overexpression group (transfected with miR-511-3p mimic), and miR-511-3p knockdown group (transfected with miR-511-3p repressor); and the additional A549 cells were taken and divided into ATP2A2 overexpression control group (transfected with its empty plasmid), ATP2A2 overexpression group (transfected with ATP2A2 overexpression plasmid), and ATP2A2 knockdown control group (transfected with irrelevant small interfering RNA plasmid) and ATP2A2 knockdown group (transfected with ATP2A2 small interfering RNA plasmid). The transcript-level relative expression of miR-511-3p and ATP2A2 in A549 cells in each group was detected by qRT-PCR; the relative expressions of ATP2A2 protein and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins in each group were detected by Western blotting; the targeting relationship between miR-511-3p and ATP2A2 mRNA was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay; CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of A549 cells in each group (expressed as absorbance value); flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of apoptotic cells in A549 cells in each group; inorganic phosphorus colorimetry was used to detect the activity of Ca 2+-ATPase in A549 cells in each group; fluorescent probe assay was used to detect the Ca 2+ concentration in A549 cells in each group. Results:The transcript-level relative expression of miR-511-3p in lung cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues of 69 patients were 0.08±0.03 and 0.17±0.12, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t= 6.04, P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic cells in A549 cells in the miR-511-3p overexpression group, miR-511-3p knockdown group and miR control group was (58.1±6.1)%, (11.0±1.3)% and (22.0±2.1)%, respectively. The percentage of apoptotic cells in the miR-511-3p overexpression group was higher than that in the miR control group, and the percentage of apoptotic cells in the miR-511-3p knockdown group was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 9.70 and 7.64, respectively, both P<0.05). After 24, 48 and 72 h of culture, the proliferation ability of A549 cells in the miR-511-3p overexpression group was lower than that in the miR control group, the proliferation ability of A549 cells in the miR-511-3p knockdown group was higher than that in the miR control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The percentage of apoptotic cells in A549 cells of ATP2A2 knockdown group and ATP2A2 knockdown control group were (58.2±1.5)% and (23.8±1.0)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t= 33.94, P < 0.05); the percentage of apoptotic cells in A549 cells of ATP2A2 overexpression group and ATP2A2 overexpression control group were (13.8±2.0)% and (23.8±1.0)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t= 7.96, P < 0.05). The transcript-level relative expression of ATP2A2 in A549 cells of miR-511-3p overexpression group was lower than that of miR control group, the transcript-level relative expression of ATP2A2 in A549 cells of miR-511-3p knockdown group was higher than that of control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 5.76 and 6.40, respectively, both P < 0.05); the relative expression of ATP2A2 protein in A549 cells of miR-511-3p overexpression group was lower than that of its control group, and the relative expression of ATP2A2 protein in A549 cells of miR-511-3p knockdown group was higher than that of its control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified the targeting relationship between miR-511-3p and ATP2A2 mRNA. The percentage of apoptotic cells in A549 cells in the control group, miR-511-3p overexpression group, ATP2A2 overexpression group, and miR - 511 - 3p overexpression+ ATP2A2 overexpression group were (21.5±3.0)%, (58.1±5.0)%, (13.3±1.2)%, and (20.5±4.0)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F= 73.28, P < 0.001); the percentage of apoptotic cells in A549 cells in the control group, miR-511-3p knockdown group, ATP2A2 knockdown group, and miR-511-3p knockdown+ ATP2A2 knockdown group were (23.5±3.0)%, (11.3±1.2)%, (60.1±7.0)%, and (25.6±5.0)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F= 78.45, P < 0.001). The Ca 2+-ATPase activity in A549 cells of ATP2A2 overexpression group was higher than that of its control group, the Ca 2+-ATPase activity in A549 cells of ATP2A2 knockdown group was lower than that of its control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 4.61 and 6.07, respectively, both P < 0.05); the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in A549 cells of ATP2A2 overexpression group was lower than that of its control group, the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in A549 cells of ATP2A2 knockdown group was higher than that of its control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 3.30 and 3.95, respectively, both P < 0.05). The Ca 2+-ATPase activity in the miR-511-3p overexpression group was lower than that in the miR control group, the Ca 2+-ATPase activity in the miR- 511-3p knockdown group was higher than that in the miR control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 6.54 and 4.16, respectively, both P < 0.05); the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in A549 cells of miR-511-3p overexpression group was higher than that of miR control group, the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in A549 cells of miR - 511 - 3p knockdown group was lower than that of miR control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 3.60 and 6.23, respectively, both P < 0.05). The relative expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers GRP78, PERK, p - eIF2a, ATF4, and CHOP proteins in A549 cells with knockdown of ATP2A2 or overexpression of miR-511-3p were higher than those in the corresponding control groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05); the relative expressions of all proteins in A549 cells with overexpression of ATP2A2 or knockdown of miR-511-3p were lower than those in the corresponding control groups (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Changes in miR-511-3p level may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells, and the mechanism may be that it affects the apoptosis of lung cancer cells by targeting ATP2A2 to regulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective: To analyze the disease burden and trend of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in China from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide the basic theoretical basis for the health administrative departments to formulate policies. Methods: Using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Database, the incidence, prevalence and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates of ADHD were analyzed for both sex and different age groups, and the trends of ADHD were predicted. Results: In 2019, the incidence, prevalence and DALY rate of ADHD in China were 70.41/100 000, 1 546.15/100 000 and 18.87/100 000 respectively. Compared with 1990, the rates decreased by 27.30%, 25.35% and 55.80% respectively, and these rates of females were lower than those of males. In 2019, the incidence rate of ADHD was the highest in the age group 5-9 years old (837.76/100 000), while the highest prevalence and DALY rates were found in ages groups of 10-14 years old (5 740.47/100 000 and 70.49/100 000). The results of the Joinpoint regression model showed that the incidence, prevalence and DALY rate had a downward trend from 1990 to 2019. The AAPC was -1.35%, -1.16% and -1.16%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The prediction results of grey prediction model GM (1,1) indicated that the incidence and prevalence rate of ADHD in China would decline from 2020 to 2030. Conclusion The burden of ADHD in China showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019, indicating that the prevention and treatment effect of ADHD in children and adolescents of China was effective. China should take active preventive measures to reduce the burden of ADHD in children and adolescents.