The personality abnormality is a remarkable characteristic in schizophrenia. Some evidence to date indicated that there existed measurable scores of personality traits in schizophrenic patients, though the psychotic symptoms were concomitant. The psychotic symptoms were deemed to influence the assessment of personality traits in schizophrenia for the symptoms and personality abnormality were entangled tightly. Yet, it cannot exclude the personality pathology in the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Moreover, the personality abnormality was related to cognitive deficit, prognosis, and insight in schizophrenics. It was difficult to disentangle the relationship between personality psychopathology and schizophrenia. Spectrum, pathoplasty, and etiology model each could explain the relationship partially. An integrated viewpoint incorporating all three models was discussed. However, it needs further researches to investigate some important issues such as the physiological basis and psychological mechanism of the relationship, the influence of culture on personality assessment.

Background Based on prior research in the field, a preliminary questionnaire was created to compare the coping strategies of schizophrenic patients to those of non-ill community residents. Results of the comparison were subsequently used to develop a questionnaire suitable for use in schizophrenic patients.Methods Ninety-one of the 92 items in the preliminary questionnaire were identified from previous questionnaires, and one additional item was created based on information provided in individual interviews with schizophrenic patients. This questionnaire was administered to 315 community controls and 208 schizophrenic inpatients. Exploratory Factor Analyses to identify the factor structure of coping strategies were independently conducted for controls and patients. Based on these results, a revised 65-item instrument was developed and administered to a new group of 287 controls and 219 schizophrenic inpatients. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) using Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) were independently conducted for the two groups to confirm their respective factor structures.Results Six coping categories identified in normal controls were problem solving, avoidance, cognitive adjustment, emotional adjustment, seeking special support, and denial. Among schizophrenic patients, however,coping strategies of "seeking special support" and "denial" were not independent of the other four coping categories. Their items were distributed among the others. Results of CFA confirmed this four-category model of coping strategies for schizophrenic patients.Conclusions Coping categories employed by schizophrenic patients were different from those employed by normal community controls. Schizophrenic patients lacked the necessary flexibility of selecting appropriate coping strategies.

0.05). PET/CT was more sensitive than B ultrasound and mammography in diagnosing axillary disease(P

Objective To construct the recombinant RIP3 over-expressed plasmids and transfect them in breast cancer MCF7 cells, and identify the expression and localization of fusion protein, as well as its effect on the death way of MCF7 cells. Methods The expression levels of RIP3 mRNA in four breast cancer cell lines and normal mammary epithelial cells were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The RIP 3 coding sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subcloned into mCherry vector to construct recombinant plasmids. The plasmids were transfected into MCF7 cells by lentivirus after DNA sequencing, then screened by basticidin (4 mg/L) for 1 week. The efficiencies of RIP3 expression were validated by Western blotting assay. The death way of mCherry-RIP3-MCF7 cells was observed under the treatment of TNF-αand Z-VAD-FMK. Results The lowest expression of RIP3 mRNA was found in MCF7 cells. The sequencing results validated the well recombinant plasmids. The expression of mCherry-RIP3 fusion pro-tein with a molecular weight of 85 ku was detected by Western blot assay. The mCherry-RIP3 expression enhanced the sensi-tivity of MCF7 cells to TNF-αand Z-VAD-FMK induced cell death. Conclusion The recombinant RIP3 over-expressed plasmids were successfully constructed, and the stable MCF7 cells with ectopic RIP3 transfection were obtained. The mCher-ry-RIP3 fusion protein was expressed in the cytoplasm and was conformed to mediate TNF-αinduced necroptosis.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods:A total of 205 patients with pretreated MBC were included in this study. These patients were admitted to the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Insti-tute&Hospital and had undergone radical surgery of breast cancer between January 2008 and December 2010. The clinicopathologic information of the patients was collected in this retrospective analysis. Results: The median overall survival of the patients was 32 months (1 month to 132 months). Luminal A, Luminal B, HER-2 overexpression, and triple-negative patients had a median overall sur-vival of 36 months (4 months to 132 months), 32 months (7 months to 122 months), 29 months (1 month to 85 months), and 24 months (1 month to 98 months), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastases, clinical stage, molecular type, visceral disease, first multiple metastatic sites, and shorter metastasis-free interval were significantly associated with poor outcomes. In multivar-iate analysis, lymph node metastases, clinical stage, molecular type, visceral metastasis, and the number of first metastatic sites were significant predictors of patient survival. Conclusion:Lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, triple-negative breast cancer, and visceral metastasis were used as independent poor prognostic indicators for survival in patients. Results of this study may assist physicians in evaluating the survival potential and determining the appropriate therapeutic strategy for MBC patients.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor in down-regulating the expression of HER-2 in breast cancer cells and to provide an innovative therapeutic option to overcome the disadvantages of anti-HER-2 therapy. Meth-ods:HER-2-positive breast cell lines were treated with HDAC inhibitors. The changes in the gene and protein levels of HER-2 were de-tected by qPCR and Western blot. MiRNA microarray was used to identify the HDAC inhibitors, whereas qPCR was used to verify the miRNA expression. Results:In vitro cell experiments confirmed that the HDAC inhibitors TSA and SAHA can down-regulate the expres-sion of HER-2 in breast cancer cell lines. TSA can down-regulate the expression of HER-2 gene in BT474 and decrease the concentra-tions of 100 nmol by 10.7%and 200 nmol by 38.9%(P<0.05). TSA had no effect on the primary cells. The expression of HER-2 gene of BT474 was down-regulated by 93.9%(P<0.05) in the 5μmol/L group but not in the 1μmol/L group. SAHA significantly affected the pri-mary cells at a concentration of 1μmol/L and reduced the cells at 87.1%at a concentration of 5μmol/L. Seven miRNAs were identified from the miRNA microarray. MiR-762 was used as a basis to identify the changes in miRNA. The miRNA sputum identified by miRNA microarray and qPCR may be associated with the down-regulation of HER-2 by HDAC inhibitors. Conclusion: HDAC inhibitors may down-regulate the expression of HER-2 in breast cancer cells by changing some miRNAs.

Objective:To develop the Counseling Skills Rating Scale for Psychological Aids Hotline (CSRSPAH),an instrument to objectively assess the quality of process of counseling or intervention provided by hotline operators,and to test its validities and reliabilities.Methods:A draft of the scale,which consisted of 50 items under 5 dimensions,was designed in line with previous researches and the practice.In pilot study,supervisors at Beijing psychological aids hotline,assessed tape recorded sessions and gave feedbacks on the draft of the scale.The scale had been revised based on the pilot study.Twenty-eight items were deleted,and several items were rephrased.Finally,a scale which consisted of 22 items within 3 dimensions,i.e.counseling process,attitude,and communication skill,was developed.The scoring standards of the scale were also developed.To evaluate the IntraClass Coefficients (ICC) of the CSRSPAH,each of the tape records of 37 callings from 2005 to 2007 were assessed by 7 supervisors independently,using the scale.And the tape records of other 318 callings from 2013 to 2014 were also assessed by supervisors,using the CSRSPAH.The results of the 318 assessed callings were used to test the construct validities with the Confirmative Factor Analysis.The Cronbach a coefficients of the total score and three dimensions,the discriminant indices of every items,and correlations of each items and each dimensions were calculated,based on the 318 assessed callings.Results:One of the items (referral) was deleted due to excessive amount of missing data.Results of cortfirmative factor analysis of the remained 21-item scale revealed that the 3-factor construct structure of the scale was robust.The fitting indices of the confirm factor analysis were,x2/df=675.21/186,CFI =0.92,NNFI =0.91,RMSEA =0.10,SRMR =0.08.The Cronbach α coefficients of the total score,scores of counseling process,attitude,and communication skill,were 0.89,0.68,0.81 and 0.77,respectively.The ICCs of the inter-rater reliabilities of the total score and 3 dimensions of the scale were 0.67,0.59,0.59,and 0.67,respectively.The discriminant indices of all the 21 items ranged from 0.09 to 0.32.The correlation coefficients of scores of each items and scores of 3 dimensions and total scores were greater than 0.30,and reached statistical significance.Conclusion:The validities and reliabilities of the Counseling Skills Rating Scale for Psychological Aids Hotline are acceptable.The scale could be used in assessing the quality of hotline counseling or intervention,and related studies in the future.

Objective To examine the different effects of impulsive and aggressive personality on college students' suicide attempt. Methods Four thousand nine hundred eighteen sophomores and juniors were selected according to the principle of cluster sampling from Beijing agricultural university and Beijing university of information science and tech?nology. Four thousand seven hundred ninety-seven of them completed the survey. Their impulsive and aggressive person?ality were evaluated by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Chinese Versions (BIS-CV) and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Chinese Versions (AQ-CV). A self-made questionnaire were used to investigate suicidal idea and self-in?jury/suicidal behavior of college students. Results Among the sophomores and juniors, 18 participants had self-injury/suicidal behavior (3.75‰) and 1843 had suicidal idea (38.42%). Compared with the students who didn’t have self-inju?ry/suicidal behavior, those who once had self-injury/suicidal behavior had significantly higher BIS-CV score (P<0.01) and higher scores of non-planning and motor factors (P<0.05). They also had significantly higher score in AQ-CV and the factors of physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility and pointing to the self attacks (P<0.01). Conclu? sions The college students with self-injury/suicidal behavior have higher tendency in impulsive and aggressive personali?ty. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent suicide behavior, form high impulsive and aggressive intention and behavior.

Objective To investigate the plasma levels of glutamate (Glu) andγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Par?kinson’s disease patients with depression (PDD) and their clinical significance. Methods Plasma levels of Glu and GA?BA were measured in 88 PD patients including 43 PDD patients and 45 PD patients without depression, and 68 healthy controls by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-RF). Depression was assessed in enrolled subjects by using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The plasma levels of Glu and GABA were compared among different groups and their associations with HAMD scores were subsequently evaluated by correlation analysis. Results The plas?ma levels of Glu and GABA were significantly lower in PD group(49.81±22.79,249.17±62.57)than in normal control group(149.59±50.08,276.66±85.43)(all P<0.05). In addition, PD patients with depression exhibited significantly low?er plasma levels of Glu and GABA(40.34±15.77 and 233.63±53.56)compared to PD patients without depression(58.86± 24.87 and 264.02±67.39)and healthy controls (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that HAMD scores were nega?tively associated with plasma levels of Glu ( r=-0.366,P=0.000 ) and GABA ( r=-0.217,P=0.043 ). Conclusion The decrease in plasma levels of Glu and GABA may be implicated in the pathogenesis of depression in PD patients.

Objective To analyse the relationship between the left ventricular longitudinal systolic velocities quantified by DTI and the cardiopulmonary performance in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM). Methods Maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max) and systolic velocities were assessed in 68 patients with DCM during their regular follow-up. Peak velocities during isovolumic contraction (is) and ejection (ez) were assessed at the site of anal, at the middle of the wall, and at the middle site between the two sites of interventricular septum (S), lateral wall (L) of LV in apical 4 chambers view. Results Peak velocities during IVC and ejection in group of patients(32cases) with VO2max