Lenacapavir is a novel, first-in-class, capsid inhibitor, which has been approved as an adjunctive therapy for multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virus in combination with optimized background regimen (OBR). Lenacapavir has demonstrated a significant decrease in viral load and high rate of virologic suppression in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection with limited treatment options. Here, we report a case of 43-year-old male who was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 2005 but failed to achieve viral suppression due to multiclass resistance. After lenacapavir use with OBR, viral suppression was achieved, and recovery of CD4 + T-cell count was observed for 8 months. This case report shows the first lenacapavir experience in Asia in a heavily treatment-experienced HIV patient with limited treatment options.

Lenacapavir is a novel, first-in-class, capsid inhibitor, which has been approved as an adjunctive therapy for multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virus in combination with optimized background regimen (OBR). Lenacapavir has demonstrated a significant decrease in viral load and high rate of virologic suppression in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection with limited treatment options. Here, we report a case of 43-year-old male who was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 2005 but failed to achieve viral suppression due to multiclass resistance. After lenacapavir use with OBR, viral suppression was achieved, and recovery of CD4 + T-cell count was observed for 8 months. This case report shows the first lenacapavir experience in Asia in a heavily treatment-experienced HIV patient with limited treatment options.

Lenacapavir is a novel, first-in-class, capsid inhibitor, which has been approved as an adjunctive therapy for multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virus in combination with optimized background regimen (OBR). Lenacapavir has demonstrated a significant decrease in viral load and high rate of virologic suppression in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection with limited treatment options. Here, we report a case of 43-year-old male who was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 2005 but failed to achieve viral suppression due to multiclass resistance. After lenacapavir use with OBR, viral suppression was achieved, and recovery of CD4 + T-cell count was observed for 8 months. This case report shows the first lenacapavir experience in Asia in a heavily treatment-experienced HIV patient with limited treatment options.

Lenacapavir is a novel, first-in-class, capsid inhibitor, which has been approved as an adjunctive therapy for multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virus in combination with optimized background regimen (OBR). Lenacapavir has demonstrated a significant decrease in viral load and high rate of virologic suppression in patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection with limited treatment options. Here, we report a case of 43-year-old male who was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 2005 but failed to achieve viral suppression due to multiclass resistance. After lenacapavir use with OBR, viral suppression was achieved, and recovery of CD4 + T-cell count was observed for 8 months. This case report shows the first lenacapavir experience in Asia in a heavily treatment-experienced HIV patient with limited treatment options.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of infective arthritis and to analyze risk factors for Gram-negative bacterial infections that cause infective arthritis. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted between 2009 - 2018 with infective arthritis in a single-tertiary hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 181 patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 135 were native joint infection patients and 46 were prosthetic joint infection patients. The most common site of infective arthritis was the knee (63.6%), followed by the shoulder (17.7%), and the hip (9.9%).The most frequently identified microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (51.1%), followed by Streptococci sp. (21.1%), Enterobacteriaceae (8.4%), and coagulase-negative-Staphylococci (CNS;8.4%). Infections due to Gram-negative bacteria and fungi made up 13.7% and 3.2% of all cases, respectively. Additionally, 20% and 4.2% of the cases involved methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and MRCNS. We found that bacteriuria, infective arthritis in the hip, and steroid use at admission are independent risk factors for Gram-negative bacterial infections. Conclusion Infective arthritis with methicillin-resistant microorganisms reached up to about 25% in a single-tertiary hospital in Korea. In case of suspected urinary tract infection, infective arthritis of the hip joint, or steroid use at admission time among infective arthritis patients, empirical treatment covering Gram-negative microorganisms can be considered.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of infective arthritis and to analyze risk factors for Gram-negative bacterial infections that cause infective arthritis. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted between 2009 - 2018 with infective arthritis in a single-tertiary hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 181 patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 135 were native joint infection patients and 46 were prosthetic joint infection patients. The most common site of infective arthritis was the knee (63.6%), followed by the shoulder (17.7%), and the hip (9.9%).The most frequently identified microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (51.1%), followed by Streptococci sp. (21.1%), Enterobacteriaceae (8.4%), and coagulase-negative-Staphylococci (CNS;8.4%). Infections due to Gram-negative bacteria and fungi made up 13.7% and 3.2% of all cases, respectively. Additionally, 20% and 4.2% of the cases involved methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and MRCNS. We found that bacteriuria, infective arthritis in the hip, and steroid use at admission are independent risk factors for Gram-negative bacterial infections. Conclusion Infective arthritis with methicillin-resistant microorganisms reached up to about 25% in a single-tertiary hospital in Korea. In case of suspected urinary tract infection, infective arthritis of the hip joint, or steroid use at admission time among infective arthritis patients, empirical treatment covering Gram-negative microorganisms can be considered.

Background: Patients with hematologic malignancies exhibit persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity over long periods after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. However, the frequency of, risk factors for, and prognosis of prolonged COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in lymphoma patients and identified the associated factors and impact of prolonged COVID-19 on mortality. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 583 lymphoma patients was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients receiving lymphoma treatment who were quarantined after obtaining a diagnosis of COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test from August 2021 to September 2022 were examined. Results: Overall, 115 patients (19.7%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among 77 patients with clinical data, 24 had prolonged COVID-19. Patients in the prolonged COVID-19 group showed higher rates of receiving rituximab maintenance therapy following bendamustine and rituximab (BR) treatment for follicular lymphoma. This group did not show significant differences in clinical presentation within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis; however, it showed higher rates of re-admission due to COVID-19 pneumonia compared with the non-prolonged COVID-19 group. BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy is one of the risk factors for persistent PCR positivity, delayed or persistent pneumonia, and COVID-19 related admission after quarantine period. Prolonged COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality. Conclusion Prolonged COVID-19 was more frequent in lymphoma patients who received BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy and associated with unfavorable longterm outcomes and higher 1-year mortality.

Background: Patients with hematologic malignancies exhibit persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity over long periods after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. However, the frequency of, risk factors for, and prognosis of prolonged COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in lymphoma patients and identified the associated factors and impact of prolonged COVID-19 on mortality. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 583 lymphoma patients was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients receiving lymphoma treatment who were quarantined after obtaining a diagnosis of COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test from August 2021 to September 2022 were examined. Results: Overall, 115 patients (19.7%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among 77 patients with clinical data, 24 had prolonged COVID-19. Patients in the prolonged COVID-19 group showed higher rates of receiving rituximab maintenance therapy following bendamustine and rituximab (BR) treatment for follicular lymphoma. This group did not show significant differences in clinical presentation within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis; however, it showed higher rates of re-admission due to COVID-19 pneumonia compared with the non-prolonged COVID-19 group. BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy is one of the risk factors for persistent PCR positivity, delayed or persistent pneumonia, and COVID-19 related admission after quarantine period. Prolonged COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality. Conclusion Prolonged COVID-19 was more frequent in lymphoma patients who received BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy and associated with unfavorable longterm outcomes and higher 1-year mortality.

Background: Patients with hematologic malignancies exhibit persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity over long periods after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. However, the frequency of, risk factors for, and prognosis of prolonged COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in lymphoma patients and identified the associated factors and impact of prolonged COVID-19 on mortality. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 583 lymphoma patients was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients receiving lymphoma treatment who were quarantined after obtaining a diagnosis of COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test from August 2021 to September 2022 were examined. Results: Overall, 115 patients (19.7%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among 77 patients with clinical data, 24 had prolonged COVID-19. Patients in the prolonged COVID-19 group showed higher rates of receiving rituximab maintenance therapy following bendamustine and rituximab (BR) treatment for follicular lymphoma. This group did not show significant differences in clinical presentation within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis; however, it showed higher rates of re-admission due to COVID-19 pneumonia compared with the non-prolonged COVID-19 group. BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy is one of the risk factors for persistent PCR positivity, delayed or persistent pneumonia, and COVID-19 related admission after quarantine period. Prolonged COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality. Conclusion Prolonged COVID-19 was more frequent in lymphoma patients who received BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy and associated with unfavorable longterm outcomes and higher 1-year mortality.

Background: Patients with hematologic malignancies exhibit persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity over long periods after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. However, the frequency of, risk factors for, and prognosis of prolonged COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in lymphoma patients and identified the associated factors and impact of prolonged COVID-19 on mortality. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 583 lymphoma patients was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Patients receiving lymphoma treatment who were quarantined after obtaining a diagnosis of COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test from August 2021 to September 2022 were examined. Results: Overall, 115 patients (19.7%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among 77 patients with clinical data, 24 had prolonged COVID-19. Patients in the prolonged COVID-19 group showed higher rates of receiving rituximab maintenance therapy following bendamustine and rituximab (BR) treatment for follicular lymphoma. This group did not show significant differences in clinical presentation within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis; however, it showed higher rates of re-admission due to COVID-19 pneumonia compared with the non-prolonged COVID-19 group. BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy is one of the risk factors for persistent PCR positivity, delayed or persistent pneumonia, and COVID-19 related admission after quarantine period. Prolonged COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality. Conclusion Prolonged COVID-19 was more frequent in lymphoma patients who received BR treatment followed by rituximab maintenance therapy and associated with unfavorable longterm outcomes and higher 1-year mortality.