ObjectiveToexplorefeasibilityofinterpleuralblockviacostodiaphragmaticrecessesfortreating functionaldyspepsia(FD).Methods 88FDpatientsincludingthreesubtype:postprandialdistresssyndrome(PDS 24cases),epigastric pain syndrome(EPS 28 cases)and PDS overlapping EPS( 36 cases)were divided into two groups randomly according to FD subtype:treatment group and control group.The control group were treated with paroxetine, metoclopramide and omeprazole,PO,8 weeks per course of treatment;The treatment group were treated by interplural blocks via costodiaphragmatic recesses ( CDR ) on the basis of treatment of control group, sterile syringe needles of 20mL were inserted vertically by the methods of resistance lossing into CDR,the widest position of interplural space through superior borders of the ninth ribs of the affected sides in midaxillary lines.Weekly injections of 20 mL of anti-phlogistic and analgetic solution were given over a four-week period.VAS,SCL-90 and degree of postprandial distress were evaluated before treatment,at 1 week and 6 months after treatment.Results The patients of the two groups a-chieved pain,depression and anxiety and postprandial distress relief obviously after treatment,VAS and SCL-90 de-creased significantly.Before the treatment,the VAS scores of the two group were (7.66 ±1.14) points,(7.57 ± 1.18)points,respectively,which after the treatment were (1.13 ±0.33) points,(3.22 ±0.66) points;Before the treatment,the SCL-90 scores of the two group were (173.56 ±10.21) points, (174.50 ±11.18) points,respectively, which after the treatment were (106.52 ±9.91) points,(106.38 ±10.12) points.There were statistically significant differences between pretreatment and posttreament in the two groups(all P<0.05),and the treatment group was bet-ter and lasted longer than that of control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Interplural block via CDRs for treating FD is a feasible,simple,safe,effective approach and can be provided on an outpatient basis.

Reflux cholangitis is a common complicatian follawing cholangio-jejunostomy,During a period between July 1981 and June 1994 the authors have performed plastic valve in 116 cases undergo- ing Cholangrojunostomy adding a plastic valve to each of three forms of cholang iojejunostomy that was Y-shape,loop-shape,and interposition-shape in Order tO prevent reflux.There was no inhospital mor- tality and fistula,and symptoms related to biliary tract disappeared in 92 cases(79.3%)during fouow- up.

Objective To evaluate the changes of left ventricular regional function in normal subjects with aging and the influencing factors by Doppler tissue imaging. Methods One hundred and twelve normal subjects were divided into four groups according to age: I group with age≤18 years old ; II group with 18 60 years old. Using a quantitative tissue velocity analysis system and tissue tracking, the peak velocities of different ventricular segments at systole, early and late diastole (Vs, Ve,Va) , the Ve/Va ratios were obtained and the effects of age, gender, heart rate and STd were analyzed. Results (1) Peak velocities of different segments of each wall were decreased one by one from mitral annulus, the basal, middle segment to the apical portion. (2) Peak velocities of different ventricular walls were significantly different, with the antero- and posterio-inter-ventricular septum being the lowest CVe (6. 89?2. 60) ,(7. 94?2. 64)cm/s]and with the latero-,posterio-,antero, and inferior walls of the left ventricle being higherCVe (9. 85?3. 02) , (9. 80?3. 09), (8. 86?3. 16), (8. 23?2. 48) cm/s] . (3) Peak velocities of different segments were associated with age, STd, BMI, heart rate and not associated with gender. (4) The Ve/Va ratios were increased one by one from mitral annulus, basal, middle segment to apical portion, and were significantly lower in III group and IV group than in I group and II group. Conclusions Peak velocities of different segments at different walls change regularly and age is the most important influencing factor to the diastolic velocities.

BACKGROUND:Degradable polymer materials initiate the degradation process immediately after implantation. How to regulate the degradation of these materials is rarely reported at present. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of ultrasonic wave on control ing the degradation of polymer materials. METHODS:The sample is made ofε-caprolactone/L-lactide copolymer, and its core was coated with low density polyethylene on the surface with the fol owing four different methods. (1) The core surface was firstly covered with CaCl 2 powder, and then coated with polyethylene. (2) The core was firstly coated with polyethylene and coarsened for 3 hours. (3) The core surface was firstly covered with CaCl 2 powder, and then coated with polyethylene, and coarsened for 3 hours. (4) The core was directly coated with polyethylene. The four kinds of specimens obtained were embedded in pork for ultrasonic bombardment experiment in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the specimens prepared with methods 1 and 4, the lyophobic layer could protect core materials before ultrasonic treatment, and no absorption peak was found at 631 nm. After ultrasonic treatment, the lyophobic layer was destroyed, toluidine blue dye was released, leading to change the color of immersion solution and increase the absorption peak at 631 nm. In the specimens prepared with methods 2 and 3,the lyophobic layer cannot exhibit the protection effects, the absorption peak was found at 631 nm. Under electron microscope, the appearance of the specimens in four groups was changed obviously. It is feasible to control the starting of the degradation by coating the degradable copolymer with LDPE and using ultrasonic as a trigger.

Considerable attention has been directed toward studying the impact of diabetes on the central nervous system. The current study investigates the biochemical changes in the brain tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS). The 31P NMR spectra of the whole brain show no significant changes of phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters levels one week after STZ induction, suggesting no apparent structural changes in cell membranes. The results identifies the increased level of adenosine diphosphate, negligible changes of phosphocreatine ( PCr ) and adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) , but the decreased ratio of PCr/ATP, indicating that PCr plays a role of balancing the energy. Moreover, the decreased pH value indicates the changes of the intracellular environment in STZ-diabetic brains in rats. After 15 weeks of STZ injection, the metabolism of phospholipid membrane and brain energy metabolism has been obviously disturbed. Our study successfully shows that 31 P MRS can not only study phospholipid and energy metabolism non-invasively, but also measure intracellular pH and other important biochemical information. All of these spectroscopic characterizations contribute significantly to the understanding of pathogenesis and evolution of diabetes, and provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and clinical treatment in diabetes.

Objective To study the effect of sub-chronic exposure to dehamethrin(DM) on the behavior of mice in learning and memory.Methods 60 Female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and given DM by gavaging for 60 days.Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate spatial memory in mice.Results After exposure to DM,the escape latency of the solvent control group and the treatment groups were (12.20±6.5)s,(14.99±5.4) s,(15.64±8.3)s,(22.71±6.2)s on the fifth day.The escape latency of the high-dose group was higher than those of the low-dose group (P=0.0041) and the solvent control group (P=0.019) in the navigation test.The number of crossing position of the platform in the high-dose group ((2.93± 1.53)times) and the middle-dose group ((3.40± 1.12) times) were lower than that in the solvent control group ((5.87 ± 1.55) times) and the low-dose group ((4.90± 1.41)times)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sub-chronic exposure to DM can damage the spatial learning and memory of mice.

Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has been the main treatment means for abdominal aortic aneurysm.It has become an expert consensus that in the case of abdominal aortic aneurysm that is complicated by iliac aneurysm,the preservation of internal iliac artery is necessary because it can prevent the occurrence of gluteal muscle ischemnia,sigmoid ischemia,male sexual dysfunction and other complications.In recent years,with the continuous updating of the endovascular devices it has become possible to retain the internal iliac artery in the performance of EVAR.At present,the reconstruction of internal iliac artery in EVAR includes a variety of techniques,including intraluminal iliac branched device (IBD) technique,sandwich technique,common iliac artery covered-stent bell-bottom (BBT) technique,external iliac artery-internal iliac artery intraluminal shunt technique (reverse chimney technique),and spring coil embolism technique.This article aims to make a summary of all the above mentioned techniques.

Aim To clone and express the 1.2kb cDNA fragment (1/753-2 934bp) of human integrin α 4 subunit. Methods The 1.2 kb cDNA fragment of human integrin α 4 subunit was amplified from HL-60 total RNA by RT-PCR, then it was subcloned into expression vector pGEX-3X and induced with IPTG. Results The 1.2 kb cDNA fragment of human integrin α 4 subunit was cloned. The sequencing indicated that there was only one missense mutation (Arg→ Gln) among the fragment, and this mutation won't affect antigenicity after analysed by GOLDKEY. Then the 1.2 kb cDNA was subcloned into expression vector pGEX-3X. The α 4 fragment was highexpressed in E.coli after induced with IPTG. Conclusion The 1.2kb cDNA fragment of α 4 subunit was obtained, and it was highexpressed in E.coli, it might be important for study on the function of α 4 integrins.

Objective To explore the difference of the clinical manifestations between the elderly and non-elderly patients with non-massive pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and the significance of D-dimer in the diagnosis of PTE and its dynamic change after anticoagulant therapy.Methods The clinical manifestations of 83 cases with PTE were retrospectively analysed and divided into two groups:39 elderly and 44 non-elderly.The dynamic changing of D-dimer content was determined by immunoturbidimetry(ITM) method before and 3 d after anticoagulant therapy in the two groups.Results There were no significant statistical differences in the incidence of the main symptoms:dyspnea,cough,emptysis,syncope,palpitations between the elderly and the non-elderly (x2 =2.74,0.06,0.10,0.49,0.01,P＞0.05) except for the incidence of chest pain [14 cases (35.9 ％) vs.30 cases (68.2 ％),x2 =4.95,P ＜ 0.05].No differences were found in the the main signs:shortness of breath,tachycardia,accentuation or split of second pulmonary valve sound,cyanosis,and engorgement of neck veins between the two groups (x2 =2.60,0.03,0.61,0.06,0.33,0.11,P＞0.05).D-dimer content was lower in the elderly than in the non-elderly [(1.89±1.21) mg/L vs.(4.93±3.88) mg/L,Z=-2.55,P=0.01] before anticoagulant therapy.But there was no difference in D -dimer content between the two groups 3 d after anticoagulant therapy [( 1.28 ±1.11) mg/L vs.(2.09±2.22) mg/L,Z=-7.07,P=0.50].The decreasing level of D-dimer was less prominent in the elderly than in the non-elderly [(0.61±1.01) mg/Lvs.(2.84±2.95) mg/L,Z=-3.54,P=0.001].Conclusions The main clinical manifestations are similar between the elderly and non-elderly with non-massive PTE,but the incidence of chest pain is less in the elderly than in the non-elderly.The content of D-dimer is lower in the elderly than non-elderly after PTE and its decrements are less prominent in the elderly than the non-elderly after anticoagulant therapy.

About 25%-40% of ischemic stroke is in the posterior circulation, in which 20% of posterior circulation stroke is caused by vertebral artery stenosis. Patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis have a high risk of recurrent stroke. At present, the treatments of vertebral artery stenosis include medication, open surgery and interventional therapy. In this paper, the endovascular treatment of vertebral artery stenosis is reviewed, especially the progress of endovascular treatment is expounded, in order to promote the development of its treatment.