The classical deformable models and some new approaches for the past few years are surveyed,especially de-scribe two important methods of them: snake model and level-set model.Image segmentation is the bases of 3D recon-struction technology and medical visualization image,which are meaningful to disease diagnosis and therapy in clinical.It is not only a key step and critical technology in medical image processing and image analysis but also a classic puzzle.With the need of application,it is very important to continually research the image segmentation,to increasingly improve the old approaches and introduce the new and more effective ones.

Aim To investigate the effects and mechanisms of glucosides of chaenomeles speciosa (GCS) in mice with contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response. Methods CHS model in mice induced by 2,4-dinitro-I-dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) was used in this study. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced splenocytes proliferation was measured by the MTT colorimetric method and interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity was measured by testing its ability to support ConA-induced mice splenocytes proliferation by MTT method. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor -beta 1 (TGF-? 1) levels were determined by ELISA. T lymphocytes subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Results Similar as the control drug 4-acetylaminophenylacetic acid (actarit or Acta) (120 mg?kg -1), GCS (240 mg?kg -1) could inhibit the thymus index and spleen index in CHS mice. GCS( 60,120,240 mg?kg -1) could inhibit the ear swelling of CHS mice and could inhibit the splenocytes proliferation induced by ConA. GCS (240 mg?kg -1)decreased CD4 +CD8 +T lymphocytes subsets ratio and resumed the CD4 +CD8 -subsets ratio in CHS mice;GCS(240,60 mg?kg -1) resumed the CD4 -CD8 -subsets ratio in CHS mice. GCS also decreased the TGF-? 1 and IL-2 levels and increased the IL-4 levels in mice thymus with CHS. Conclusion GCS could inhibit mice CHS reaction and resume the balance of T lymphocytes subsets in mice thymus with CHS, and also could modulate the cytokines production by CD4 + T lymphocytes of CHS mice.

Objective:To explore a multimodal perioperative analgesia plan for patients undergoing microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia.Methods:Eighty patients who underwent microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia admitted to the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from April 2017 to April 2019 were randomly divided into a nerve block group (group A) and a control group (group C) using a random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The group A underwent surgical block of the lateral occipital and auricular nerves under ultrasound guidance before induction, with 3 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine used at each site. The group C did not undergo nerve block. Both groups received intravenous injections of midazolam, sufentanil, cisatracurium, etomidate, and lidocaine for anesthesia induction, followed by tracheal intubation and maintenance of anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. After surgery, an analgesic pump was connected. The total amount of intraoperative use of sufentanil and remifentanil in both groups was recorded, as well as the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and postoperative anesthesia related complications at 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours after surgery.Resultsl:The total amount of sufentanil and remifentanil used during surgery in the group A was less than that in the group C (all P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the group A patients was lower than that in the group C ( P<0.05), and the nausea and vomiting score was also lower than that in the group C ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other postoperative complications (all P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups at 6 hours after surgery ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Occipital and auricular nerve blockade can reduce the amount of opioid drugs used during microvascular decompression surgery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia, thereby reducing the incidence of nausea and vomiting. The postoperative analgesic effect is good.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with sporadic adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID),and raise awareness of the disease among medical workers.Methods The clinical data of two patients with pathologically confirmed adult sporadic NIID,admitted to our hospital in February 2018 and October 2018,were collected.The clinical manifestations,head MR imaging,cutaneous pathological features,treatments and prognoses were retrospectively analyzed.Results Both patients were characterized with slow progressive dementia,accompanied with diverse clinical manifestations involving the central and autonomic nervous systems.Acute encephalopathic signs occurred in both patients.Head MR imaging showed extensive leukoencephalopathy mainly in the frontal and parietal lobes;these white matter abnormalities showed hyperintensity in T2-weighted imaging and liquid attenuated inversion recovery sequences,and equal or low signal in T1-weighted imaging.Remarkably,specific curve-like high-intensity signals along the corticomedullary junction in the bilateral frontal lobe were both observed in diffusion-weighted imaging.Patient 2 with seizures showed unilateral cerebral cortical edema on head MR imaging.In both patients,skin biopsy revealed specific eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the nucleus of some sweat gland cells,adipocytes and fibroblasts.Patient one was treated with dexamethasone intravenous drip to relieve headache and vision loss,and cognitive therapy was given.The acute encephalopathy of patient two was relieved by intravenous gamma globulin.Conclusions NIID has various clinical manifestations of central,peripheral,and autonomic nerve systems.Head MR imaging characteristic changes and skin pathological biopsy contribute to the diagnosis.Immunomodulatory therapy may be effective for acute encephalopathic symptoms in NIID.

The co-culture system of early embryos and cancer cells is an important means to observe the biological behavior changes of embryos and cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we co-cultured the 3.5 dpc mouse embryo with malignant tumor cells, investigated the development of blastocyst by observing the hatchment, attachment and outgrowth, observed the biological behavior changes of cancer cells in the embryonic circumstances, and detected the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. Compared with the control, the embryos developed normally in the tumor environments, and the rate of hatchment, attachment and outgrowth increased significantly (P<0.05). However, there was no significant change of cancer cells in morphology, proliferation and apoptosis in the co-culture system (P>0.05). Under the co-culture system, the early embryo developed normally, and the cancer cells also grew well. There may be similarities between the embryos and cancer cell's choice for living. Moreover, the growth of embryos could be promoted by cancer cells in the co-culture system. This might be related to the similarities of gene expression, growth factors and signal transduction mechanisms between embryos and cancer cells.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coculture Techniques ; Embryo Culture Techniques ; methods ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; pathology ; Mice

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics and the variation of pathogens spectrum in hospitalized children with a-cute respiratory tract infection(ARTI)before and after COVID-19 under"the level B of management for class B"of infectious diseases(Level B for Class B)in Shenzhen,in order to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of ARTI.Meth-ods The ARTI cases from January 8,2022 to July 30,2022 were selected as before"Level B for Class B",and the cases from Janu-ary 8,2023 to July 30,2023 were selected as after"Level B for Class B".The pharyngeal swab samples submitted for analyzing 11 common pathogens,such as COVID-19,influenza virus(Ⅳ),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)and mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)in the children with ARTI admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital.Results SARS-CoV-2 were detected as positive in 347 cases,a-mong which 225 cases were before"Level B for Class B"including 29 cases combined with other pathogens(12.89％,29/225)and human parainfluenza viruses(HPIV)was the most common(31.03％,9/29).After"Level B for Class B",SARS-CoV-2 were detec-ted as positive in 122 cases,including 28 cases combined with other pathogens(22.95％,28/122),and RSV was the most common(28.57％,8/28).There was a statistical difference between the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 combined with other pathogens before and after"Level B for Class B"(X2=5.834,P=0.016).After"Level B for Class B",the total pathogen detection rate(positive for at least one pathogen)was 60.82％(2 864/4 709)in the spring(January 8,2023 to April 30,2023),and influenza virus A(IVA)(22.64％,1 066/4 709),rhinovirus(HRV)(19.86％,935/4 709)and RSV(13.29％,626/4 709)were the main pathogens,and there were 301 cases(6.39％,301/4 709)of mixed infections.In the summer(May 1,2023 to July 30,2023),the total detection rate of pathogens was 70.26％(4 012/5 710),among which RSV(21.63％,1 235/5 710),MP(13.91％,794/5 710),HPIV(10.05％,574/5 710)were the main pathogens,and there were 710 cases(12.43％,710/5 710)of mixed infections,all of which were significantly higher than the same period before"Level B for Class B".The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion After"Level B for Class B"for COVID-19,the detection rate of 11 common pathogens increased significantly and the pathogen spectrum of ARTI changed significantly.

Objective To explore the improvement of cognitive impairment in patients with mild and moderate vascular cognitive impairment( VCI) treated with cerebralcare granule ( CG) and basic treat-ment.Methods From October in 2014 to December in 2016 year,143 cases of VCI patients were admitted from six hospitals in some areas of Hebei Province as the research objects,and divided into CG treatment group (experimental group,n=98) and conventional treatment group (control group,n=66).Three months and six months after treatment,the score of mental state examination ( MMSE) ,the Montreal cognitive assess-ment scale ( MoCA) and the daily living capacity scale( ADL) of the two groups were compared after 3 and 6 moths of treatment.Results ①The total score of MMSE in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group for six months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( ( 23. 76 ± 4.02) vs (21.52±5.13),P<0.05).②Six months after treatment,the total score of MoCA ((21.06±4.66) vs (18.32±5.20)) and visual spatial/executive function((3.05±1.37) vs (2.42±1.66)),calculation force ((2.24±0.84) vs (1.83±1.05)) and orientation ability((5.20±1.12) vs (4.06±1.35)) scores in the ex-perimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) .③Six months after treat-ment,the ADL score in the experimental group was lower than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant((24.96±8.74) vs (29.20±11.55),P<0.05);while there was no significant difference in the ADL score between the experimental group and the control group after 6 months (P>0.05).Conclusion CG can improve cognitive function in mild to moderate VCI patients,mainly in visual space/execution func-tion,calculation ability and orientation ability,and with the extension of treatment time,the curative effect is more obvious.

Objective To study the therapeutic value of endoscopy for primary duodenal lesions. Methods Data of 79 consecutive patients with primary duodenal lesions, who underwent endoscopic treatment from January 2015 to January 2018 at Beijing Friendship Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the complication group and the non-complication group, and further grouped according to lesion locations and endoscopic categories. Baseline data of patients, endoscopic treatment, wound closure method, pathological results, the occurrence and outcome of complications were studied. Results A total of 79 patients successfully went through endoscopic treatment, including 59 cases of endoscopic mucosal resection ( EMR) , 5 cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD) , 6 cases of full-thickness resection with OTSC metal clips, and 9 cases of endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection ( EPMR) . In all 79 cases, complications occurred in 8 patients ( 10. 1％) during the perioperative period, all at the duodenal descending segment and duodenal papilla. In all 47 cases whose lesions located at duodenal papilla and duodenal descending segment, the complication incidence was 17. 0％ ( 8/47) , significantly higher than that of non-descending and papilla part [ 0 ( 0/32 ) , P=0. 012 ] . Two ( 2. 5％) cases had complications requiring further intervention with endoscopy or surgery. Among 8 patients with complications, 1 patient ( 2. 1％) developed intraoperative perforation, 1 patient ( 2. 1％) developed delayed bleeding, 6 patients ( 12. 8％) developed mild acute pancreatitis, and these 8 patients recovered after treatment. These 47 patients were further divided into the duodenoscopy group and the gastroscopy group according to endoscopic categories, the complications incidence in the duodenoscopy group ( 28. 0％, 7/25) was also significantly higher than that in the gastroscopy group [ 4. 5％( 1/22) , P=0. 037] . Conclusion Endoscopic treatment is safe and effective for primary duodenal lesions. But for the operations in the duodenal descending segment and the duodenal papilla, as well as in the case of duodenoscopy, it is necessary to be more vigilant about the occurrence of complications.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopy for early cancer of duodenal papilla.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected from 23 consecutive patients with early cancer of duodenal papilla, who underwent endoscopic treatment from January 2015 to January 2021 in Beijing Friendship Hospital. Baseline data, endoscopic and pathological data, occurrence and outcome of complications were studied.Results:Twenty-three patients successfully received endoscopic treatment. The maximal diameter of lesions evaluated under endoscopy was 1.90±0.83 cm. Among the 23 cases, 20 underwent endoscopic mucosal resection and 3 underwent endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection. Delayed bleeding occurred in 5 cases (21.7%), 3 patients (13.0%) developed postoperative hyperamylasemia, 6 patients (26.1%) developed mild acute pancreatitis, and 1 patient (4.3%) had pancreatic duct stent displacement after the operation, which improved after medical or endoscopic treatment. No perforation occurred during the perioperative period. In terms of final pathology, the en bloc resection rate was 82.6% (19/23), and the complete resection rate was 78.3% (18/23). Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography showed that 19 lesions were confined to the mucosal layer, which were all demonstrated by postoperative pathology. Four other cases were suspected to be involved in the submucosa or the end of the pancreaticobiliary duct under endoscopic ultrasonography, two of which were confined to the mucosal layer, and the other 2 cases involved the submucosal layer, so additional surgery was performed. A total of 18 patients were followed up, among whom 14 achieved complete resection of postoperative pathology, and 2 patients (14.3%, 2/14) were found to have recurrence at 12 and 51 months respectively after the treatment and did not relapse after surgical treatment and endoscopic treatment respectively. Among 4 other patients of follow-up whose pathology did not achieve complete resection, 1 had no recurrence, and the other 3 received additional surgical treatment without recurrence.Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment for early cancer of duodenal papilla is safe and effective. It is necessary to improve preoperative evaluation, stay alert to perioperative complications, and pay attention to regular postoperative endoscopic follow-up.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic treatment for early nonampullary duodenal cancer.Methods:Data of patients with early nonampullary duodenal cancer, who underwent endoscopic treatment from January 2015 to January 2021 at Beijing Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline data, endoscopic treatment methods, wound closure, pathology, the occurrence and outcome of complications of patients were studied.Results:A total of 47 patients who successfully went through endoscopic treatment were enrolled. Seventeen cases received endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 5 cases received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 7 cases received ESD+EMR (hybrid ESD). Six cases were converted to hybrid ESD due to difficulty in ESD. Four cases received full-thickness resection with over-the-scope clip system (OTSC), and 8 cases received endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR). Among the 47 cases of early cancer, the en bloc resection rate was 83.0% (39/47), and the complete resection rate was 85.1% (40/47). Four patients (8.5%) had perforation which occurred at the duodenal descending part during the perioperative period, among whom, 2 patients (4.3%) recovered after endoscopic treatment, 2 others (4.3%) recovered after surgical intervention. There were no complications such as postoperative bleeding or infection during the perioperative period.Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment for early nonampullary duodenal cancer is safe and effective. A specific treatment plan can be selected according to the location, size and specific conditions of the lesion. For the operation of the descending part, it is necessary to be more vigilant to against the occurrence of perforation complications.