Objective To explore the influence of smoking on olfactory disorder in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods According to smoking or not, 167 PD patients ( PD group) and 100 normal controls ( normal control group) were divided into smoking subgroups and non-smoking subgroups.The olfactory identification threshold was tested by T&T olfactory assessment.Results Compared with normal control group, the scores of MMSE and montreal cognitive assessment in PD group were significantly decreased ( all P<0.05 ) , age, smoking history, the rate of male had no statistical significance ( all P>0.05 ) .The olfactory identification threshold in PD group was significantly higher than normal control group (t=6.785, P=0.000).Compared with PD smoking subgroup, the olfactory identification threshold in non-smoking subgroup was significantly higher (t=-3.000, P=0.003).The olfactory identification threshold in normal control smoking subgroup was significantly lower (t=0.784, P=0.435). The olfactory identification threshold of PD smokers had no correlation with smoking pack-years or duration ( r=-0.104, P=0.441;r=-0.156, P=0.246) .Conclusion Smoking may protect olfactory disorder in PD patients, and it has no correlation with smoking pack-years or duration.

Objective To explore the findings and clinical value of bedside ultrasonography in superior vena cava(SVC) syndrome in children after cardiac operations for congenital heart disease. Methods Bedside ultrasonography was performed on 6 children suspected of SVC syndrome after 5-38 hours[(22?11) hours] postoperatively,to view the structure and blood flow of SVC and its main branches. All the patients were reoperated as soon as diagnosed. Results Five children got severe SVC obstruction, marked with stenosis, turbulent, continuous and high velocity in SVC. Color Doppler flow imaging presented almost absence of flow due to nearly complete occlusion of the innominate vein in 1 child. Ultrasonographic diagnosis was confirmed by the reoperative findings. All the patients were cured by reoperation and discharged with normal ultrasonographic results. Conclusions Bedside ultrasonography can provide early and accurate diagnosis in children with SVC syndrome after cardiac operation.

Gluconobacter oxydans converts glucose to gluconic acid and subsequently to 5-keto-D-gluconic acid (5-KGA), a precursor of industrially important L(+)-tartaric acid. To increase the yield of 5-KGA, fermentation conditions of 5-KGA production was optimized. Under the optimum medium and culture conditions in the shake flask, the highest 5-KGA production reached 19.7 g/L, increased by 43.8% after optimization. In a 5-L bioreactor, the pH was controlled at 5.5 and dissolved oxygen (DO) at 15%, 5-KGA production reached 46.0 g/L, raised at least 1.3 times than in the shake flask. Glucose feeding fermentation process was further developed, and the highest 5-KGA production of 75.5 g/L with 70% of yield was obtained, 32.0% higher than the highest reported value. Therefore, this newly developed fermentation process provided a practical and effective alternative for the commercial production of 5-KGA, and further of L(+)-tartaric acid.
Bioreactors ; Fermentation ; Gluconates ; metabolism ; Gluconobacter oxydans ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; Tartrates ; metabolism

Objective To observe the clinical application effects of Disposcope endoscope in Univent tube intubation and positioning.Methods Eighty patients underwent scheduled thoracic sur gery (51 males,29 females,aged 18-77 years,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ) under one-lung ventilation (OLV) were randomly grouped into two groups:Disposcope endoscope group (group D) and laryngoscope group (group L),40 patients in each group.Group D used Disposcope endoscope for intubation and positio ning while group L used laryngoscope for intubation and auscultation positioning.Patients with difficult intubation,severe ventilation dysfunction and large sputum volume,such as pulmonary hemoptysis and bronchiectasis,were excluded.Intubation and positioning time,airway pressure and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) were recorded during double-lung ventilation and OLV,lung collapse effect,and one-time successful intubation ratio,positionging adjustment ratio and the incidence of intubation complications were calculated.Results Intubation and positioning time were significantly longer in group L than in group D [(169.98±52.65)s vs.(102.38±44.45)s](P＜0.05),one-time successful intubation ratio in group L was lower than that in group D (80％ vs.97.5％) (P ＜0.05).The difference of airway pressure and PaCO2 during double-lung ventilation and OLV between the two groups were not statistically significant.The blocker positioning adjust ratio of Univent tube in group L was significantly higher than that in group D (22.5％ vs.7.5％)(P＜0.05).The incidence of bleeding and sore throat after operation in group L were significantly higher than those in group D (27.5％ vs.7.5％,37.5％ vs.15％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compare with laryngoscope for intubation and auscultation positioning,Disposcope endoscope used for Univent tube intubation and positioning needs shorter time for intubation and positioning,higher successful one-time intubation ratio,less positioning adjustment.It also reduces the incidence of intubation complications.

OBJECTIVETo prepare and apply monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against recombinant human interferon alpha (rHu IFN-alpha).

METHODSFive cell lines (2E9, 4G1, 2A7, 2C9, 4G10) secreting McAbs against rHu IFN-alpha were established by hybridoma technique.

RESULTSAll the cell lines secreted monoclonal antibodies stably. Functions of secreting antibodies of the five cell lines lasted for 6 months in BALB/c mice and 8 months in cell culture. The specificity of antibody was constant. The Ig subclasses of the McAbs were IgG1. Anti-IFN McAb affinity purification column was prepared by coupling the anti IFN-alpha McAb to Sepharose 4B. The combining rate reached was higher than 95%.

CONCLUSIONSThe highest purification efficiency was obtained by using 4G10 column.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Cross Reactions ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hybridomas ; secretion ; Interferon Type I ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins

Objective:To explore expression of miR-146b in peripheral blood serum and aortic wall tissues in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD),and to discuss the significance and underlying mechanisms.Methods:The subjects were divided into a control group (excluded relative aortic diseases) (n=23) and a TAAD group (n=27).The miR-146b levels of serum and aortic wall tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Serum miR-146b and aortic wall tissues miR-146b were compared among different risk TAAD groups.The correlations between miR-146b and severity of aortic dissection were analyzed.MiR-146b related target genes were predicted by the DIANA LAB-TarBase 6.0 and TargetScan.Results:The expression levels of miR-146b in the serum and aortic wall tissues in the TAAD group were significantly elevated compared with those in the control group (P＜0.001).Compared with the mild risk group,the miR-146b levels of serum and aortic wall tissues were significantly higher in the moderate risk and severe risk groups (P＜0.05).The expression of miR-146b was positively correlated with the risk severity of TAAD patients (r=0.862,0.872;P＜0.05).Nuclear factor kappa B1 (NF-κB1),tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6),matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16) and actin alpha 2 (ACTA2) were miR-146b related target genes.Conclusion:The upregulation of miR-146b in peripheral blood serum and aortic wall tissues may contribute to the pathogenesis of TAAD and the severity of this disease.

Objective:To explore the association rules of personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma, so as to provide advice for the synthetical treatment.Methods:From July to November 2021, a total of 117 primary angle closure glaucoma patients(acute patients n=89, chronic patients n=28) in ophthalmology department of five hospitals in Nanjing were investigated with type A behavior pattern scale, health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ and general information questionnaire.Based on Weka 3.8.5, algorithm of Apriori was used to mine its association relationship. Results:(1) The total scores of type A behavior pattern scale for patients with acute and chronic types of primary angle closure glaucoma were (32.48±6.43) and (27.54±6.49) respectively.The total scores of health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ were (101.69±11.83) and (97.79±7.78) respectively.(2) There were positive associations among patients with acute primary angle closure glaucoma, type A/A-personality (including impatience and hostility) and health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0). And patients with chronic primary angle closure glaucoma were associated with B/B-personality (including patience and mild), health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0).Conclusion:Primary angle closure glaucoma is strongly related with personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle.Its synthetical treatment plan should take both physical and mental measures, and classified health management for patients with different disease types.

Objective To explore the relation of gamma knife radiation of different doses with trigeminal nerve radiation damage by investigating the pathologic changes of trigeminal nerve roots after different doses of gamma knife radiation.Methods Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 60 Gy radiation group,80 Gy radiation group,100 Gy radiation group,120 Gy radiation group and control group (n=3).Bilateral trigeminal nerves of all New Zealand rabbits,excepted for the control group,were irradiated;and a 4-mm isocenter was placed at trigeminal nerver root entry zone.All New Zealand rabbits for pathological observation were sacrificed after six months.The roots were examined by light microscopy,immunohistochemistry,and electron microscopy.Integrated optical density of the myelin staining and immunohistochemistry staining results of the four groups were examined by Image-pro plus 6.0 image processing system,and analyzed using method of statistics.Results Pathological observation showed the result of 60 Gy group after irradiation did not differ significantly as compared with the result of control group;in 80 Gy group,there was part nerve fiber fragmentation and degeneration,and demyelination;in 100 Gy group,there was nerve fiber fragmentation,degeneration and demyelination,and part of nervous necrosis;in 120 Gy group,there was almost all nerve fiberdissolution,disappearance and demyelination,and most of nervous necrosis.The integrated optical density of the myelin staining and immunohistochemistry staining results of 60 Gy group did not differ significantly as compared with that of the control group (P＞0.05);the results of 80 Gy,100 Gy and 120 Gy group differed significantly as compared with that of control group (P＜0.05) and decreased following the increase of irradiation doses.Conclusions The histopathological changes of the trigeminal nerve irradiated by gamma knife have significant correlation with irradiation doses.The result of 60 Gy group after irradiation does not change significantly;the radiation injury of 80 Gy-120 Gy group aggravates with the increase of irradiation doses;irradiation of high dose (100 Gy and 120 Gy) can cause nervous necrosis.

Objective To explore the relation of gamma knife radiation doses and changes of trigeminal nerves after gamma knife irradiation by studying the changes of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEP) characteristics oftrigeminal nerve roots irradiated by gamma knife in normal animals.Methods Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into 60 Gy irradiation group,80 Gy irradiation group,100 Gy irradiation group,120 Gy irradiation group and control group in accordance with random number table (n=3).The first 4 groups used Gamma Plan 5.34 planning system to design the radiation targets and radiation doses.The target was placed at trigeminal nerve root entry zone,bilateral irradiation was performed,and the central dose was divided into 60 Gy,80 Gy,100 Gy and 120 Gy.The bilateral TSEP was monitored before and 6 months after irradiation.The monitoring data were recorded and statistical analysis was performed.Results P1,N1,P2 wave latencies,P1-N1,N1-P2 interpeak latencies and amplitudes in the 60 Gy irradiation group after irradiation showed no significant differences as compared with those in the control group (P＞0.05);P1,N1,P2 wave latencies,P1-N1,N1-P2 interpeak latencies and amplitudes in the 80 Gy irradiation group,100 Gy irradiation group,and 120 Gy irradiation group after irradiation showed significant differences as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05),and these changes increase with increase of doses.Conclusion The changes of TSEP,which increase with increase of doses,are closely related to the doses of gamma knife irradiation,of which 80 Gy is the lowest dose to produce changes.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of the pulmonary rehabilitation system based on the concept of prehabilitation for patients after cardiac surgery to wean tube and avoid related complications.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019 in a single-center(third-class hospital in cardiac surgery intensive care unit), all adult patients hospitalized for 7 days before open-heart surgery were included. They were randomly divided into pulmonary rehabilitation group(198 cases) and control group(234 cases). To compare and analyze the clinical effects, the main observations were observed including overall outcome indicators(such as early extubation rate, ICU stay, hospitalization costs, advanced oxygen therapy support after extubation) and lung outcome related indicators(such as the occurrence of pulmonary complications, chest drainage, secondary intubation, tracheotomy, lung infection and chest tube drainage).Results:There was no statistical difference between groups in basic conditions and surgical conditions. The lung rehabilitation group significantly increased the rate of early extubation, reduced the number of advanced oxygen therapy after weaning, shortened the length of ICU stay, saved hospitalization cost, significantly reduced the occurrence of postoperative respiratory complications and improved postoperative respiratory function( P<0.05). Conclusion:During cardiac perioperation, pulmonary rehabilitation significantly can increase the rate of early extubation , shorten the length of mechanical ventilation, reduce the occurrence of secondary tracheal intubation and pulmonary complications. And it can also effectively promote the recovery of lung function and the overall recovery.