Five meroterpenoids, rhodonoids K-M (1-2), daurichromene E (3), and grifolins A-B (4-5), together with seven known compounds (6-12), were isolated from Rhododendron anthopogonoides. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), ultraviolet (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with computed values. Notably, compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. These compounds markedly suppressed the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) while also down-regulating the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Mice ; Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Terpenes/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Interleukin-6/immunology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology*

ObjectiveTo detect the content of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）in aqueous humour and in vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy（PDR）．MethodsEnzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was used，which is one of the basic methods of protein quantitative analysis．ResultsThe VEGF levels in aqueous humour of PDR（mean level 398．6 pg/ml）were higher than those of the controls（mean level 106.5 pg/mlP＜0.05）．The VEGF levels in vitreous of the four PDR（mean level 1395.2 pg/ml)were higher than those in aqueous humour of the four PDR(P＜0.05，Primer t test）．The increased VEGF level in vitreous was positively correlated with the level in aqueous humour．In the normal group，the mean value of VEGF in the vitreous was 64.6 pg/ml．In comparison with that of 1140.4 pg/ml in the PDR group，there was a significant difference between the two groups （P＜0.05，Primer t test）．ConclusionVEGF might play an important role in the pathogenesis of neovascularization of PDR．