Objective To investigate the serum levels of liver function-related proteins (cholinesterase,ChE;album,Alb,prealbumin, PA;transferrin,TRF;ferritin,FRT;C-reactive protein,CRP;and ceruloplasmin,CER)and assess their clinical diagnostic significance for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)carriers.Methods The study selected 86 HBV carriers who were diagnosed in the Affiliated Yong-Chuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2014 (the observation group).Additionally,102 healthy individ-uals who underwent physical examination in the hospital were selected (the control group).Biochemical indices including serum ChE,Alb, PA,FRT,TRF,CRP,and CER levels were measured in both groups.Liver biopsy was performed in part of the observation group.Group comparison of continuous data was performed using the independent-samples t test.Results Serum CER levels in the observation and con-trol groups were (0.20 ±0.04)g/L vs (0.29 ±0.06)g/L,showing a statistically significant difference (t=2.03,P=0.03).No signifi-cant differences occurred in the rest of biochemical indices between groups (P>0.05 for all).Serum CER levels were significantly de-creased in patients with higher severity of liver inflammation and fibrosis [(0.23 ±0.01)g/L vs (0.18 ±0.02)g/L,t=-2.6,P=0.01;(0.22 ±0.02)g/L vs (0.17 ±0.04)g/L,t=-3.2,P=0.004].Conclusion The change in serum CER level can reflect the severity of liver inflammation and fibrosis in the early stage.Thus,serum CER level may become an important index for early diagnosis and treatment of HBV carriers.

Objective To explore the correlation between the polymorphism of TRIB3 gene rs2295490 and coronary heart disease (CHD) with dyslipidemia.Methods In the case control study,we enrolled 220 CHD patients as observation group (60.15 years mean age,150 males and 70 females) and 151 age and gender matched healthy individuals as control group (59.22 years mean age,102 males and 49 fe males).Genotypes of TRIB3 gene rs2295490 polymorphisms in the two groups were detected by PCR and sequence-based testing.At the same time,blood glucose (GLU),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured.The correlations between the polymorphism of TRIB3 gene rs2295490 and CHD,biochemical indicators of two groups were analyzed,respectively.The comparison of genotype and allele frequency between two groups used x2 test,while the comparison of biochemical indexes between two groups used t test.Results In the control group,genotypic frequencies of AA,AG and GG of TRIB3 gene rs2295490 were 57％,35％ and 8％,and the frequencies of A and G alleles were 75％ and 25％,respectively.In the CHD group,genotypic frequencies of AA,AG and GG of TRIB3 gene rs2295490 were 50％,41％ and 9％,and the frequencies of A and G alleles were 71％ and 39％,respectively.There was no significant difference of genotype and allele frequencies of polymorphism of TRIB3 gene rs2295490 between CHD and healthy controls(x2 =1.74,P =0.42;x2 =1.26,P =0.243).In the CHD group,the HDL-C levels of the AA genotype were higher than those of AG + GG genotype (t =-9.78,P =0.00);The TG,LDL-C levels of the AA genotype were lower than those of AG + GG genotype (t =2.59,P =0.01;t =6.15,P =0.00).All the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions TRIB3 gene rs2295490 polymorphism has no correlation with CHD,but the G allele may be correlated with dyslipidemia in CHD patients.

Objective To study the clinical meaning of Transgelin expression in heptacellular carcinoma(HCC) in prognosing recurrence after hepatectomy. Methods The expression of Transgelin in cancerous lesions and tissue adjacent to cancer lesions from 223 operation samples was detected by immunohistochemical staining combined with tissue microarray techniques. The correlation between the level of Transgelin expression and the prognosis was analyzed by means of log- rank test, Kaplan- Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Transgelin was higher expressed in tumor tissue than in tissue adjacent to cancer lesions. Transgelin was positively correlated with the presence of tumor size, portal vein invasion, pTNM tumor stages and serum AFP level. Patients with positive expression of Transgelin had worse tumor free survival than those with negative ones (P ＜0. 01). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Transgelin expression level was one of the independent prognostic factors in tumor free survival after surgery. Conclusions The expression of Transgelin in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly associated with recurrence in patients with HCC after hepatectomy, and this protein could be the biomarker of the prognosis in HCC surgery.

Objective:To observe the expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and its receptor-low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), and the relevant signaling pathway for the regulation by long-term high glucose exposure in cultured podocytes. Methods:The effects of high glucose on the expression of CTGF and its receptor LRP were analyzed by western blotting. The activation of mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPKS )signaling pathway by high glucose was also examined. Results: Basal levels of CTGF were observed in cultured mouse podocytes, the levels of CTGF protein were increased by high glucose medium groups on the 2nd day, reached the peak on the 4th day(P0.05).The levels of CTGF expression in normal glucose and mannitol glucose groups did not change markly. High glucose medium induced phosphorylation of ERK_ 1/2 at as early as minute 30, reached the peak at hour 6; maintained the activity at hours 12 and 24, and declined to the basal level at hour 48. However, phosphorylation of ERK_ 1/2 was not detected in normal glucose and mannitol glucose groups. Blockade of phosphorylation of ERK_ 1/2 with PD98059, a specific ERK_ 1/2 activation inhibitior, did decrease the high glucose-triggered expression of CTGF protein in 4 days. High glucose had no effect on the expression of LRP protein at each time point. Conclusion: Acute high glucose (2-4 days)stimulated the expression of CTGF protein via ERK_ 1/2-dependent signaling pathway in cultured podocytes, while cultured in high glucose for 6-8 days, the podocytes did not increase its CTGF level. Long-term high glucose had no effect on the expression of LRP in podocytes.

Objective To explore the interaction of streptococcus suis serotype 2 recombinant suilysin ( SLY ) with platelets, and provide the theoretical basis for clinic treatment of patients infected with S.suis.Methods The nickel column affinity chromatography was used to purify the recombinant SLY.The hemolytic acivity was identified by optical density before the platelets aggregation induced by a SLY was detected by a platelet aggregometer or electron microscope and the effect of aspirin on platelets aggregation was analyzed.The impact of wild type 05ZYH33 and sly-deficient mutant strainΔSLY on platelets of mice was compared to predict the interaction of the SLY with platelets in vivo.Results and Conclusion Hemolytic activity of recombinant SLY was 2000 hemolytic units( HU) and platelets aggregation was induced at 1 μg/ml.The aggregation can be inhibited by aspirin in 5 mmol/L.SLY can also increase the volume and reduce the amount of platelets in mice.

Objective To investigate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status and Clinical Characteristics in Yongchuan District, Chongqing by Tuberculosis Protein Chip.Methods Compared the conventional method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in infectious department outpatient of Yongchuan Hospital , Chongqing Medical University from July 2014 to June 2015.Tuberculosis protein chip was selected to detect the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Yongchuan area.Chi-square Test was applied to analyze the results.Results The positive rate of Tuberculosis Protein Chip, T-SPOT.BT, DNA Chip, Golden immnnochromatog-raphy, Acid-fast staining were 81.5%, 90.7%, 89.5%, 63.5% and 38.3%respectively on 162 cases of Pulmonary tuberculosis.The five methods were considered significant difference on the diagnosis of Pulmonary tuberculosis ( P<0.05 ).The positive rate of Tuberculosis Protein Chip, T-SPOT, Golden immnnochromatog-raphy were 90.6%,T-SPOT 94.3%and 47.2% respectively on 53 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, it was a significant difference with the three methods(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with Tuberculosis Protein Chip and T-SPOT.BT ( P>0.05 ).The highest positive rates of anti-LAM was 94%.Conclusion The results of Tuberculosis protein chip are reliable on pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the application of three dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF) MRA in screening intracranial aneurysms in the population of Wenling community. Methods A total of 2 124 patients with suspicious intracranial aneurysm in Wenling community, who received 3D-TOF MRA and three dimensional digital subtraction angiography(3D-DSA) during the period from September 2011 to August 2012, were enrolled in this study. The epidemic data of intracranial aneurysm in Wenling community were analyzed, the effectiveness of 3D-TOF MRA in detecting intracranial aneurysm was assessed, and the consistency between 3D-TOF MRA and 3D-DSA (regarded as the golden standard) in detecting intracranial aneurysm was statistically analyzed. Results The results of 3D-TOF MRA showed that the morbidity of intracranial aneurysm in the population of Wenling community was 6.87% (146/2 124), among which the morbidities in males and females were 48.63% (n=71) and 51.37% (n=75) respectively; the mean age of patients was (41.2±11.6) years old. The accompanying diseases included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis and cerebrovascular lesions. 3D-TOF MRA examination revealed 149 intracranial aneurysms, among which misdiagnosis was made in 5 patients and missed diagnosis in 2 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 3D-TOF MRA in diagnosing intracranial aneurysm were 98.63% (144/146), 99.72%(1 773/1 778) and 99.67%(2 117/2 124) respectively. No statistically significant difference in measuring the longitudinal diameter and neck width of intracranial aneurysms existed between 3D-TOF MRA and 3D-DSA examinations (P>0.05). Conclusion In detecting intracranial aneurysm, 3D-TOF MRA carries higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, and its non-invasive advantage is more suitable for the screening of intracranial aneurysms.

Objective To investigate the level of chemotactic factors(CXCL5 and CXCL8)in hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis tissue.Methods Hepatic tissues were obtained from 9 patients with hepatic hemangioma (hepatic hemangioma group),10 patients with liver fibrosis(liver fibrosis group)and 11 patients with liver cirrhosis(1iver cirrhosis group)at Nanfang Hospital from May 2008 to May 2009.The contents of CXCL5 and CXCL8 in hepatic tissue were assayed by ELISA.All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,Pearson rank correlation or Spearman correlation.Results The contents of CXCL5 and CXCL8 were(0.8±0.7)ng/g and(6.2±3.7)ng/g in hepatic hemangioma group,(2.0±2.0)ng/g and(11.6±3.5)ng/g in liver fibrosis group and (17.1±4.8)ng/g and(12.3±3.9)ng/g in liver cirrhosis group,with significant difference among the 3 groups (F=60.050,7.690,P＜0.05).The expression of CXCL5 was correlated with the content of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and prothrombin time(PT)(r=0.502,0.468,0.523,P＜0.05):the expression of CXCL8 was correlated with the content of ALT,AST.total bilirubin and PT(r=0.477,0.504,0.537,0.431,P＜0.05).Conclusions With the aggravation of hepatic fibrosis,the contents of CXCL5 and CXCL8 are increased with different patterns.The changes of CXCL5 and CXCL8 are related with the injury of liver,but the changes of CXCL5 and CXCL8 do not correspond with the degree of the injury of liver.

Objective To reproduce a stable animal model of brain death in pigs, observe the change regularity of cerebral oxygen metabolism during the process of brain death, and to evaluate the significance and value of cerebral oxygen metabolism parameters for the diagnosis of brain death. Methods Twelve landrace pigs were used to create the brain death models using modified method of increasing epidural intracranial pressure (ICP). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP were monitored continuously during the process. The pigs were divided into four groups according to cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) decreasing degree during brain death, namely CPP normal group and CPP decreasing 0%-30%, 30%-70%, and 70%-100% groups. Blood gas analysis of the external carotid artery and internal jugular vein were monitored discontinuously. The changes in cerebral oxygen metabolism parameters, including external carotid artery-internal jugular vein bulb oxygen content difference (AJDO2), internal jugular bulb-external carotid artery carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (DPCO2) and DPCO2/AJDO2 ratio, were observed. Results Brain death model were successfully reproduced in 12 experimental pigs. With MAP and ICP monitoring, the models at different stages of CPP could be repeatedly induced. The levels of AJDO2 and DPCO2 were increased gradually and then decreased, while the ratio of DPCO2/AJDO2 was constantly increased with the decrease of CPP. The level of AJDO2 in CPP decreasing 0%-30%group was significantly higher than that in CPP normal group [(5.86±1.21)% vs. (3.92±0.64)%], the levels of DPCO2 in CPP decreasing 0%-30% and CPP decreasing 30%-70% groups were significantly higher than those in CPP normal group [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 10.33±1.83, 11.48±2.32 vs. 6.11±1.43], and the ratios of DPCO2/AJDO2 in CPP decreasing 30%-70% and CPP decreasing 70%-100% groups were significantly higher than those in CPP normal group and CPP decreasing 0%-30% group (2.81±0.53, 4.12±1.07 vs. 1.57±0.64, 1.62±0.81). All the differences above were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions With the decrease of CPP, cerebral oxygen metabolism showed a regular change during brain death. DPCO2 combined with DPCO2/AJDO2 is a reliable blood gas analysis index indicating intracranial hypoperfusion, which has certain reference value for the determination of brain death.

The protective effect and mechanism of Schistosoma japonicum cathepsin B (Sjcb2) DNA vaccine in the mouse model of schistosomiasis were studied through construction pcDNA3 .1 (+ ) / Sjcb2 DNA recombinant vector ,which provided effective candidate antigen for anti-schistosome vaccine .The 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into pcDNA3 .1(+ )/Sjcb2 DNA vaccine group ,pcDNA3 .1(+ ) plasmid group and normal saline group ,respectively .Each group was composed of 35 mice ,and 100 μg of S jcb2 plasmid DNA was injected in the hind leg quadriceps of mice once every two weeks .PCR and immunohistochemistry assay were used to detect the expression and stability of Sjcb2 gene in mice .MTT assay was used for testing the specific proliferation response of mice spleen lymphocytes .The level of Sjcb2 antibodies in mouse serum and the IFN-γand IL-4 levels in mice spleen lymphocyte culture supernatant before and after schistosome infection were assayed by ELISA .At last ,we counted load of Schistosome adult worms in mouse and eggs in liver of mouse .The results showed that the Sjcb2 gene was detected in all mice of the Sjcb2 DNA vaccine group ,and Sjcb2 gene expression was positive in the muscle cells in Sjcb2 DNA immunized mice by IHC assay .MTT assay showed that T-cell proliferation rate was in-creased significantly in S jcb2 DNA vaccinated group .ELISA results showed that the IFN-γlevels were increased significantly in the vaccinated group ,while the IL-4 levels were significantly increased after Schistosoma japonicum infection in all mice of every group .The load of worms and eggs in Sjcb2 DNA vaccinated group was reduced significantly than that of control group (P<0 .05) ,the reduction rates of adult worms and eggs were 36 .32% and 60 .61% respectively .In conclusion ,the Sjcb2 gene was stably expressed in muscle cells of mice after injection of S jcb2 recombinant plasmid ,and S jcb2 produced protective effects of anti-schistosoma infection in mice possibly by mean of regulating Th1 cell subgroups through increasing the IFN-γ level and decreasing IL-4 levels .