Objective To study the characteristics and differences of phonetic pronunciation between hearing-impaired and normal children in 4.5~5.5 years old groups. Methods Phonetic articulation of consonants and vowels were tested by three-grade assessors for 20 hearing- impaired children and 20 normal children in 4.5~5.5 years old group using Question Bank for Hearing-impaired Children's Rehabilitation Evaluation of Hearing and Speech. Results and Conclusion For hearing-impaired children, the consonants of /b. m. d. l. j/ were the most articulative, followed with /h. f. r. p. t. n. g. x/, and then /zh. z. k. c. sh. q. s. ch/; for normal children, the consonants of /b. p. f. g. m. d. h/ were the most articulative, followed with /k. j. x. t. r. l/, and then /q. zh. ch. sh. n. z. s. c/. For both groups, the single final was the most articulative, followed with the compound final, and then the nasal. The articulation of these 3 types of vowels were poorer in hearing-impaired children than in normal children (P<0.01)

Objective To detect the gastric motility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the relationship between disorder of gastric motility in diabetes and the influential factors. Methods Sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 health control subjects were collected. The gastric motility was tested with the signal processing device designed by Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. The impedance and electrical signals were collected at the same time. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was detected by oxidation enzyme method, while microcolumn method was adopted to test HbA1c. Results In the 65 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the occurrence of abnormal gastric motility was 53.85% , they had several symptoms, such as abdominal distension, early satiety, and belching. The percentage of dominant frequency of impedance gastrogram in diabetes group was lower than that in the normal controls (P<0. 05 ). The percentage of dominant frequency of EGG in the abnormal HbA1c group( ≥6. 5% ) was significantly lower than that in the normal HbA1c group ( P<0. 01). The percentage of bradygastria in the elderly was higher than that in young and middle-aged subjects (P<0. 05), respectively. Disorder of gastric motility was not correlated with FBG and course of disease. Conclusions The incidence of disordered gastric motility is very high in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elderly patients and those with higher HbA1c are prone to suffer from disordered gastric motility. However, disorder in gastric motility is not correlated with FBG and duration of the illness.

Yinchuan city began since January 1,201 5 to implement the“Disease scoring settlement under total budget”for hospitalization cost settlement.The new settlement method impels the hospitals to strengthen internal management,strengthen cost control,implement clinical pathway,strengthen the construction of hospital informationization,and standardize the hospital medical information upload.This paper covered the policy background and hospital internal management requirements,as well as hospital response measures,for reference of government healthcare authorities in the formulation of policy specific measures,and for the hospital’s medical insurance management department to adjust management mode and work flow,in order to better respond to and implement the policy.

Objective To perform the amplification ,sequencing and prokaryotic expression of APH (3′′)‐Ⅰ and AAC (2′)‐Ⅰgenes from the clinically isolated gzch810 strain(SM gzch810)of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to provide the basic materials for the next step functional test .Methods The SM gzch810 genome chromosome was extracted ,the APH (3′′)‐Ⅰ ,AAC (2′)‐Ⅰ whole genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced after being cloned into pMD18‐T vector .The recombination were subcloned into pGEX‐4T‐1 vector and the expression of the recombinant APH (3′′)‐Ⅰ and AAC (2′)‐Ⅰ were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE .Results The 800bp and 550bp DNA fragments of APH(3′′)‐Ⅰ ,AAC(2′)‐Ⅰ gene were amplified from SM gzch810 by PCR and sequenced ;the sequence comparison analysis showed that DNA and amino acid sequence identities of APH (3′′)‐Ⅰand AAC (2′)‐Ⅰ genes with other strains were 91% and 95% respectively .The sequence of APH (3′′)‐Ⅰand AAC(2′)‐Ⅰ of SM gzch810 were submitted to GenBank(accession number :HQ315852 and HQ315853);two major protein bands corresponding to the expected recombinant GST‐TP fusion proteins (56 × 103 and 46 × 103 respectively) were identified by SDS‐PAGE .Conclusion APH(3′′)‐Ⅰand AAC(2′)‐Ⅰgene of SM gzch810 are successfully cloned and expressed ,which lays a good foundation for further detecting corresponding antibi‐otic resistance and functional evaluation of above two kinds of recombinant E .coli .

BACKGROUND:Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease is not completely understood, and there is yet no effective therapy that can prevent the neurodegenerative process of the disease fundamentaly. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on lactacystin-induced Parkinson’s disease dopaminergic PC12 cel apoptosis and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: Under induction by nerve growth factors, PC12 cels differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, and then were treated with different concentrations of lactacystin for different time. When the cel survival rate was about 50%,the concentration and action time oflactacystin were selected to establish cel models of Parkinson’s disease. In the study, there were control group, lactacystin group, PACAP1-27 group (intervention group 1) and PACAP1-27+PACAP6-27 co-intervention group (intervention group 2). Changes of cel morphology were observed under inverted microscope; cel viability was detected with MTT method; the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress specific protein caspase-12 was detected by western blot. Then the action of PACAP1-27 and PACAP6-27 to the cytoxicity of lactacystin was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With different concentrations and action time of lactacystin, the viability of PC12 cels presented a concentration- and time-dependent decline. When the lactacystin at 20μmol/L acted for 24 hours, the cel viability was declined by about 50%. Under same conditions of lactacystin concentration and action time (20 μmol/L, 24 hours), the cels in the lactacystin group appeared to have damaged changes, declined cel viability, and increased caspase-12 activity in comparison with the control group (P< 0.01). Compared with the lactacystin group, the cel damage was relieved and cel viability was increased significantly in the intervention group 1 as wel as the expression of caspase-12 was decreased (P < 0.01). Experimental findings in the intervention group 2 were similar to those in the lactacystin group. These results suggest that lactacystin, an ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor, can lead to cel damage; PACAP1-27 plays a protective role by regulating the above-mentioned signal pathway. As one PACAP1-27 receptor antagonist, PACAP6-27 can attenuate this effect of PACAP1-27.

Objective To analyse distribution and antibacterial resistance status of pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood cul‐tures of hospitalized infants ,in order to provide references for rational use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bloodstream infection .Methods A total of 299 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from positive blood culture specimens from infants(3 or less than 3 months of age) suspected with bloodstream infections in this hospital from January 2011 to May 2015 were collected ,the bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out by using the VITEK 2 Compact automatic microorganism analyzer . The composition and antibacterial resistance of these isolates were analyzed .Results Among the 299 strains of pathogenic bacteria , there were 169 strains of gram‐positive cocci(accounted for 56 .5% ) ,including 95 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococcus (ac‐counted for 31 .8% ) which was the main isolates ,and followed by 28 strains of Staphylococcus aureus(accounted for 9 .4% );there were 120 strains of gram‐negative bacilli (accounted for 40 .1% ) and mainly were Escherichia coli (53 strains ,accounted for 17 .7% );otherwise ,there were 8 strains of fungi (accounted for 2 .7% ) and 2 strains of gram‐positive bacillus (accounted for 0 .7% ) .The results of drug susceptibility test indicated that the gram‐positive cocci had multiple drug resistance to antibacterial a‐gents except for vancomycin and linezolid;the gram‐negative bacilli shown multiple drug resistance except for amikacin ,imipenem and meropenem .The fungus ,however ,displayed high sensitivty to all antifungal drugs .Conclusion Gram‐positive and gram‐nega‐tive bacteria are the main pathogens of hospitalized infants with bloodstream infection ,and are severely resistant to antibacterial a‐gents .Rational use of antimicrobial agents should be recommend for improving clinical efficacy and prohibiting the emergence of drug‐resistant strains .

Objective:To compare and analyze the chemical constituents of volatile oils extracted from the different parts ( flow-ers,leaves and roots) of Stelleropsis tianschanica by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods:The volatile oil was ex-tracted by diethyl ether-Soxhlet extraction method and analyzed by GC-MS with a capillary gas chromatographic column. The relative contents of the volatile compounds were calculated by chromatographic peak area normalization method.Results: Totally 179 volatile constituents in the different parts of Stelleropsis tianschanica were identified. Among them,81 compounds were identified in leaves,and the relative content accounted for 82.77% of the total volatile compounds;108 compounds were identified in flowers,and the relative content accounted for 82.85% of the total volatile compounds;112 compounds were identified in roots, and the relative content ac-counted for 85.98% of the total volatile compounds. Totally 33 compounds existed in all the three parts,and the content accounted for 39.24% of the total volatile components in leaves,35.86% in flowers and 48.89% in roots. The relative content of(Z,Z)-9,12-oc-tadecadienoic acid in leaves,flowers and roots of S. tianschanica was the highest,which accounted for 11.12%,9.8% and 22.49%, respectively. Conclusion:The different parts of S. tianschanica have similar volatile components, while the specific substances and the contents are different.

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of hair removal via subcutaneous route with IPL in expanded flap.Methods A total of 14 experimental zones were established in two healthy Guizhou mini-pigs with dark hair and white skin.All these skin zones were allocated in seven groups:group 1-6 underwent skin soft tissue expansion(stage Ⅰ:implantation of expander,stage Ⅱ:removal of expander).The subcutaneous tissue in group 1 received IPL irradiation of common level during stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ of skin expansion,group 2 received irradiation of high level during stage Ⅰ,group 4 received irradiation of common level during stage Ⅱ,group 5 received irradiation of high level during stage Ⅱ,group 6 received irradiation of low level during stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ as well as flap trim during stage Ⅱ,group 3 received no irradiation,and the skin in group 7 received irradiation of common level through epidermal route during stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Treatments were conducted using a contact tip with IPL(λ =650-950 nm) radiant exposures of different fluencies (common level 18 J/cm2,high level 22 J/cm2,and low level 15 J/cm2) with single pulsed duration of 50 ms.The temperature of tissue surface was determined by infrared thermograph.The microcirculation of expansion flap was determined with PeriFlux System.Digital images were taken for the calculation of hair density count by software Image J.Results The temperature of tissue surface received IPL irradiation decreased soon within 2 minutes.The microcirculation of skin expansion flap in group 1,2,3,6 were all restrained,which began to restore within 4 hour post operation.The hair density in group 1 was the lowest with hair removal rate of 79.17％ ± 2.81％,which was higher than the others significantly(P ＜ 0.05).The hair removal rate in group 6 was 72.95％ ± 13.10％.The hair removal rates in group 4 and 5 were lower than 40％.The hair removal rates in group 7 was 67.38％ ± 7.10％.Conclusions IPL irradiation via subcutaneous route may restrain microcirculation of expansion flap transiently,which was reversible.The hair removal rates can reach above 80％ over 6 months post treatment.It indicates that IPL irradiation via subcutaneous route might be a safe and effective hair removal methods,which may be more effective when it is initiated before the implantation of skin expander

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of hair removal via subcutaneous route with IPL in expanded flap.Methods A total of 14 experimental zones were established in two healthy Guizhou mini-pigs with dark hair and white skin.All these skin zones were allocated in seven groups:group 1-6 underwent skin soft tissue expansion(stage Ⅰ:implantation of expander,stage Ⅱ:removal of expander).The subcutaneous tissue in group 1 received IPL irradiation of common level during stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ of skin expansion,group 2 received irradiation of high level during stage Ⅰ,group 4 received irradiation of common level during stage Ⅱ,group 5 received irradiation of high level during stage Ⅱ,group 6 received irradiation of low level during stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ as well as flap trim during stage Ⅱ,group 3 received no irradiation,and the skin in group 7 received irradiation of common level through epidermal route during stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Treatments were conducted using a contact tip with IPL(λ =650-950 nm) radiant exposures of different fluencies (common level 18 J/cm2,high level 22 J/cm2,and low level 15 J/cm2) with single pulsed duration of 50 ms.The temperature of tissue surface was determined by infrared thermograph.The microcirculation of expansion flap was determined with PeriFlux System.Digital images were taken for the calculation of hair density count by software Image J.Results The temperature of tissue surface received IPL irradiation decreased soon within 2 minutes.The microcirculation of skin expansion flap in group 1,2,3,6 were all restrained,which began to restore within 4 hour post operation.The hair density in group 1 was the lowest with hair removal rate of 79.17％ ± 2.81％,which was higher than the others significantly(P ＜ 0.05).The hair removal rate in group 6 was 72.95％ ± 13.10％.The hair removal rates in group 4 and 5 were lower than 40％.The hair removal rates in group 7 was 67.38％ ± 7.10％.Conclusions IPL irradiation via subcutaneous route may restrain microcirculation of expansion flap transiently,which was reversible.The hair removal rates can reach above 80％ over 6 months post treatment.It indicates that IPL irradiation via subcutaneous route might be a safe and effective hair removal methods,which may be more effective when it is initiated before the implantation of skin expander

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of depilation with intense pulsed light ( IPL) in congenital microtia patients , and observe the impact factors of hair removal .Methods The hairy skin was treated with M22 system using a filter of 695 -1200 nm.Treatments were conducted using a contact probe with a window of 15 cm ×35 mm or 8 cm ×15 mm at a radiant exposures of 16-18 J/cm2 with three pulses(pulse duration:3.5 ms, delay duration:80 ms).Digital photograph was taken for the calculation of hair density with IPP software before treatments .Satisfaction index of hair removal ranked as follows:poor(percent reduction <25％), mild(25％ -50％), good(50％ -75％) and excellent ( >75％) .The hair removal effects was compared between different operation occasions ( skin expansion or non-skin expansion), and different ages(children or adults).Meanwhile, the side effects of IPL were observed.Results A total of 103 cases, aging from 6 to 24 years old with a median age of 9 years old, were included in our follow up project three months later after ear reconstruction .Seventy three cases initiated their hair removal during skin expansion period , and 29 cases initiated during non-expansion period.The reduction of hair density of one session treatment during skin expansion is much higher than that in non-skin expansion (32.4 ±7.1/cm2 vs 23.5 ±7.6/cm2, t=6.007,P=0).Children acchieved more satisfiedresult than those above 15 ages(χ2 =14.721, P=0.002).Instant pain was the main side effect, which was more profound in children with a rarely high pain score of 5.76 ±1.356.There were 4 cases of epifolliculitis , 3 cases of vesiculation .No expander exposure was found in this study .Conclusions Hair removal with intense pulsed light is a safe and effective photo-epilation during all the stages of ear reconstruction .The treatment initiated during skin expansion acchieved betterresult .The effect of hair removal with IPL in children is superior to adults .