Objective To compare the effect of Q-switch Nd ∶ YAG laser and intensive pulsed light on freckles.Methods 80 patients with freckles were divided into 2 groups randomly.One group of patients were treated with Q-switch Nd ∶ YAG 532 nm frequency-doubled laser,the interval was 8 weeks.The other group of patients were treated with 570 nm intensive pulsed light,the interval was 8 weeks.Results We used Mann-Whitney U test to compare the curative effect of the two groups (P ＜0.05),and the mean rank (34.00) of the Q-switch Nd;YAG laser treatment group was greater than that (47.00) of the intense pulsed light treatment group.Conclusions The curative effect of Q-switch Nd ∶ YAG laser is better than that of intensive pulsed light on freckles.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of septicemia and septic shock in elderly patients with liver disease. Methods Fifty-two patients over 60 years old with liver disease and positive blood culture, admitted form 1999 to 2003, were enrolled for analysis. Results Septic shock was found in 8 patients (15.4%). The course of sepsis was complicated by progressive deterioration of hepatic and renal functions. 18 patients (34.6%) died or left the hospital in a critical condition. 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 71.2% were G +germ, 26.9% G -germ and 1.9% fungi. Conclusion Septicemia and septic shock can exacerbate liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized to lower the mortality.

To investigate the protective effects of Zuogui Pill (ZGP), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on retina ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats after optical nerve clipping injury.

Objective To explore the value of MSCT in diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods 24 patients with CTEPH and 8 patients with pulmonary hypertension by other causes were collected retrospectively.To analyzed the characteristics of CTPA images in patients with CTEPH,summarized the direct and indirect signs,and to compared with non-CTEPH.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS1 7.0 software.Results According to the CTPA images,744 arteries of 24 patients with CTEPH were evaluated.The direct sign of CTEPH was mural thrombus firstly,accounted for 55.35% of the involved arteries,and then was followed by holo-obstruction,partial filling defect,central filling defect,irregular vessel wall thickening and eccentricity filling defect.There were narrowed lumens in 35.01%,dilated ones in 0.89% and no changes in 45.24%.The common indirect signs of CTEPH were pulmonary broadening (100%),enlargement of right heart (95.83%),mosaic attenuation,pericardial or pleural effusion,ground-glass opacity,infarction and atelectasis or consolidation in order.All patients had different degrees of pulmonary hypertension,and the most common findings of CTPA were widened pulmonary artery and enlarged right ventricle,and then were followed by enhancement of the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein,the expansion of bronchial artery and abnormal septal position.Conclusion CTPA can show the types and direct or indirect signs of CTEPH clearly.The morphological changes of the heart in CT are not enough to differentiate the CTEPH and non-CTEPH,and the severity of CTEPH is not alone decided by the degree of chronic pulmonary embolism.

Objective To study feasibility in extraction of calcific sign within pulmonary nodules with pattern classification.Meth-ods 49 cases with pulmonary nodules (benign in 16 and malignant in 33)confirmed by pathology or clinical follow-up were included in this study and all cases underwent chest CT examinations.CT images were interpreted double-blind by two associate chief radiolo-gists to draw a conclusion that there were any calcification within pulmonary nodules.Meanwhile,the calcifications in the regions of interest(ROI)on CT images were estimated with extraction of the sign of gray value,geometric and lung markings in ROI,and based on pattern classification algorithm at supporting vector machine(SVM).Results According to the results assessed by senior radiologists for classification within pulmonary nodules,the area under ROC curve was 0.95 which was extracted by automatic pat-tern classification algorithm,the extraction performance was stable(k=1),and was goodness fit with visual observation by doctors (k=0.939).Conclusion The ability of automatic pattern classification in detecting calcification within pulmonary nodules is about the same as that of visual assessment by senior doctors.

Objective To explore the changes ofintegrin α4β7 and L-selectin levels and the possible relationship between the changes and intestinal mucosal immune function in critical children with gastrointestinal dysfunction.Methods Forty-eight admitted critical children were divided into non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group (29 cases) and gastrointestinal dysfunction group (19 cases),and also compared with 25 healthy people (control group).The expression of integrin α 4β 7 and L-selectin was measured by flow cytometry.Results The expression of integrin α 4β 7 in gastrointestinal dysfunction group [(11.11 ± 1.15)％] was lower than that in non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group [(15.36 ± 1.26)％]and control group [(19.62 ±0.89)％] (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between nongastrointestinal dysfunction group and control group(P ＞ 0.05).The expression of L-selectin in gastrointestinal dysfunction group [(60.68 ±3.72)％] was lower than that in non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group [(69.43 ± 1.52)％] and control group [(88.65 ± 2.41)％] (P ＜ 0.05),and there was significant difference between non-gastrointestinal dysfunction group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of integrin α 4β 7 and L-selectin is decreased at the early stage of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critical childern,and integrin α 4 β 7 is decreased sharply.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of dose verification of intensity modulated planning of helical tomotherapy (HT) using three-dimensional semiconductor array (Delta4) and find a more time-consuming and accurate method to validate the delivery dose.Methods Delta4 detector array was used to verify the HT plan dose distribution of 10 patients.The precise setup of detector array was guided and registered by MVCT imaging.After the implementation of delivery,the measured dose distributions on the corresponding planes were compared with those calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS).According to the different acceptance criteria combination of dose difference or distance to agreement at different threshold level including 3％/2 mm,3％/3 mm,3％/4 mm,3％/5 mm at TH5,TH10,TH20,TH30,TH70,TH90,the γ analysis method was utilized to evaluate the dose verification.Results The dose distribution measured by the Delta4 was well consistent with that calculated by the TPS.The mean γpassing rates were all above 94.89％.Conclusions Delta4 detector array can get satisfying results when used in HT plan dose verification and is a viable tool to replace traditional film dosimetry system in clinical quality assurance work.

Objective To analyse the CT features of hepatic abscess in different stages of pathology so that to improve the accuracy of CT diagnosis.Methods The plain CT and triphase contrast-enhanced CT findings of hepatic abscesses in 50 cases proved by surgery or other clinical methods were retrospectively analysed and compared with CT findings of hepatic carcinoma,hepatic metastases and hepatic hemangiomas.Results CT features of hepatic abscesses were divided into three types according to different stages of pathology.Early pyogenic hepatic abscess(10 cases)had two types:small cavitation(9 cases)and mass(1 case).Typical pyogenic hepatic abscess(38 cases)and granulomatous hepatic abscess(2 cases).Conclusion CT findings of liver abscesses are different in different stage of pathologic changes,triphase contrast-enhanced CT is specific in diagnosing hepatic abscess.

Objective To explore CT and MR manifestations and its diagnostic value of liver cystic lesions.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 78 cases with liver cystic lesions were collected,including 21 cases of inflammatory cystic lesions,30 cases of tumor cystic degeneration and 27 cass of congenital growth cysts.Results The detected rate of liver cystic lesions with CT and MRI was all 100%.For inflammatory cystic lesions,tumor cystic degeneration and growth cyst,CT diagnostic accurate rate was 76%,90% and 93%,respectively,and MR was 83%,93% and 100% respectively.CT and MR manifestations:Of all inflammatory cystic lesions,hepatic abscess and liver echinococcosis cyst appeared as cystic occupying lesion,the cysts were of tension,low-density band on CT or water-like signal intensity on MR around the lesions in hepatic abscesses.Liver echinococcosis cysts were of big cyst with small cyst sign and enhanced moderately in cystic wall post contrast-enhanced scan.The metastasis cystic tumors showed single or multiple cystic lesions and mild or moderate circular enhancement.The primary liver tumor's cystc degenerative lesions showed cyst-solid lesions on CT and MR,and were of enhanced manifestations of the primary tumors.Growth cysts were single or multiple low-density or water-like signal intensity,generally there was not enhanced.Conclusion CT and MR have great diagnostic value for the location and nature of cystic lesions.

Objective To improve recognition and diagnosis of primary non-obstructive megaureter.Methods The authors analyzed the X-ray findings of intravenous urography and B-ultrasonographic manifestations of 28 cases with primary non-obstructive megaureter proved by varied examinations and operations.Results The X-ray and B-ultrasonographic manifestations as follows:in the terminal ureter,there was a short segment,less than 3 cm in length,with normal caliber but adynamic to micturition and the ureter proximal to the adynamic segment was secondarily dilated remarkably.The terminal end of the dilated ureter appeared as drumstick shaped,spindle-shaped,snakehead shaped or rattail shaped.On right time fluoroscopy and B-ultrasonographic observation,a decrease of peristalsis frequency,increase of peristalsis range,interrupted downward convey of peristalsis wave could be noted.Conclusion The contrast urography is the main method,B-ultrasonography and cyctocopy are helpful for the diagnosis of primary non-obstructive megaureter.