Objective To compare the effect of Q-switch Nd ∶ YAG laser and intensive pulsed light on freckles.Methods 80 patients with freckles were divided into 2 groups randomly.One group of patients were treated with Q-switch Nd ∶ YAG 532 nm frequency-doubled laser,the interval was 8 weeks.The other group of patients were treated with 570 nm intensive pulsed light,the interval was 8 weeks.Results We used Mann-Whitney U test to compare the curative effect of the two groups (P ＜0.05),and the mean rank (34.00) of the Q-switch Nd;YAG laser treatment group was greater than that (47.00) of the intense pulsed light treatment group.Conclusions The curative effect of Q-switch Nd ∶ YAG laser is better than that of intensive pulsed light on freckles.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of septicemia and septic shock in elderly patients with liver disease. Methods Fifty-two patients over 60 years old with liver disease and positive blood culture, admitted form 1999 to 2003, were enrolled for analysis. Results Septic shock was found in 8 patients (15.4%). The course of sepsis was complicated by progressive deterioration of hepatic and renal functions. 18 patients (34.6%) died or left the hospital in a critical condition. 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 71.2% were G +germ, 26.9% G -germ and 1.9% fungi. Conclusion Septicemia and septic shock can exacerbate liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized to lower the mortality.

To investigate the protective effects of Zuogui Pill (ZGP), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on retina ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats after optical nerve clipping injury.

Objective To explore the value of MSCT in diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods 24 patients with CTEPH and 8 patients with pulmonary hypertension by other causes were collected retrospectively.To analyzed the characteristics of CTPA images in patients with CTEPH,summarized the direct and indirect signs,and to compared with non-CTEPH.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS1 7.0 software.Results According to the CTPA images,744 arteries of 24 patients with CTEPH were evaluated.The direct sign of CTEPH was mural thrombus firstly,accounted for 55.35% of the involved arteries,and then was followed by holo-obstruction,partial filling defect,central filling defect,irregular vessel wall thickening and eccentricity filling defect.There were narrowed lumens in 35.01%,dilated ones in 0.89% and no changes in 45.24%.The common indirect signs of CTEPH were pulmonary broadening (100%),enlargement of right heart (95.83%),mosaic attenuation,pericardial or pleural effusion,ground-glass opacity,infarction and atelectasis or consolidation in order.All patients had different degrees of pulmonary hypertension,and the most common findings of CTPA were widened pulmonary artery and enlarged right ventricle,and then were followed by enhancement of the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein,the expansion of bronchial artery and abnormal septal position.Conclusion CTPA can show the types and direct or indirect signs of CTEPH clearly.The morphological changes of the heart in CT are not enough to differentiate the CTEPH and non-CTEPH,and the severity of CTEPH is not alone decided by the degree of chronic pulmonary embolism.

Objective To evaluate mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treating superior segmental ureteral calculi. Methods Two Hundred and thirty-six patients underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser for superior segmental ureteral calculi from May 2005 to May 2008, 133 male and 103 female. Their age ranged from 17 to 76 years old with a mean of 47. 2 years. Of the 236 patients,141 compli-cated with calculi in the left side and 88 cases in the right side,7 in the both sides. The calculi diameter ranged from 0. 7 cm to 2.2 cm and the mean diameter was 1.4 cm. One hundred and ninety-three patients had undergone ESWL from 1～6 times. Results Of the 236 patients,217 were rendered stone-free at 1 pro-cedure. Residual calculi were found in 12 cases after operation and drugs were used for treatment. The resid-ual calculi were removed after 1 month. Seven cases with residual calculi were treated by ESWL and the cal-culi were removed. The total stone clearance was 91.9%. The mean operation time was 31.3 min(rang from 19～52 min), and the mean hospital stay was 9.5 days(rang from 6 to 12 days). The main complications following operation included: durative hematuria in 25 cases relieved by haemostasis and diuresis treatment within 24 to 48 hours,pnstoperative fever in 141 cases within 24 hours of which 103 were relieved by antiin-flammatory and fluid replacement treatment within 24 to 48 hours. Thirty-eight cases were relieved by anti-inflammatory treatwent depending on urine culture results within 3 to 7 days. The postoperative pain in all patients was light. Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser under ultrasound guidance is simple,safe and effective in treating proximal ureteral calculi.

Objective To study the procedure of imaging examination for the patients with colon cancer.Methods The comparative study on ultrosonograph, pneumobarium double contrast examination, colonscopy and CT in 82 cases with colon carcinoma comfired by operation and pathalogy were carried out.Results The detective rate of colon cancer was 90.1%,89.5%,53.8% and 53.3% by pneumobarium double contrast examination,colonscopy ultrosonography and CT respectively.The detective rate of metastasis in liver was 100% by ultrosonograph and CT.Conclusion Pneumobarium double contrast examination and colonoscopy are the main methods for diagnosis of colon cancer. Ultrosonography and CT are the important methods in evaluating the stage of colon carcinoma before operation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP ).Methods MPCP data of 42 cases with pancreatic and bile duct lesion proved by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.MRCP was performed using single-shot-radio SE sequence (SSH/RAD). Of all cases included bile duct lithiasis in 19 , inflammation in 3,congenital cyst in 6 , carcinoma in 12,jaundice caused by diverticulitis of duodenum in 1 and Mirizzi syndrome in 1 .Results MRCP was succeeded at one time in all cases . On MRCP , the visual rate of intrinsic and extrinsic hepatic bile duct was 100% and that of common pancreas duct was 80.58%.The localized and qualitative diagnosis of lesions were up to 100%,88.2% respectively.Conclusion SSH/MRCP/RAD plays an important role in diagnosis of the pancreatic and bile duct lesion in clinical practice.

Objective To use helical tomotherapy ( HT ) for determining the difference between actual doses and planning doses to the target volume and organs at risk ( OARs ) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy, and to provide guidance for the clinical treatment. Methods Localization and delineation of the target volume and OARs were performed by computed tomography ( CT) in 21 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radical radiotherapy using HT. All patients underwent megavoltage CT ( MVCT) scan prior to treatment. The obtained MVCT images were used for dose reconstruction in the adaptive module of HT, in which the actual dose was obtained and the non?image?guided dose was simulated. Each single dose distribution and the corresponding CT image were sent to software MIM6. 0 for superimposition, and the overall dose was obtained. The initial plan, image?guided plan, and non?image?guided plan were named Plan?1, 2, and 3, respectively. The dose distribution in the target volume and OARs was compared between the three plans with t ? test or wilcoxon test . Results Compared with those in Plan?1, the D98 values for the planning gross tumor volume ( PGTV) and planning target volume ( PTV) in Plan?2 were significantly reduced by 1. 16% and 2. 3%, respectively ( P=0. 025;P=0. 043);the volumes of the left and right parotids in Plan?2 were significantly reduced by 46. 0% and 46. 5% on average, respectively ( P=0. 000);the distances between the midline and the center?of?mass for left and right parotids were significantly reduced by 6. 9% and 6. 5%, respectively ( P=0. 000);the V26 and Dmean for both parotid glands were significantly elevated by 32. 8% and 25. 2%, respectively ( P=0. 000) . Compared with those in Plan?1, the D98 values for PGTV, PTV?1, and PTV?2 in Plan?3 were significantly reduced by 2. 0%, 1. 9%, and 2. 4%, respectively ( P=0. 001;P=0. 007;P=0. 036);the V26 and Dmean for both parotid glands in Plan?3 were significantly elevated by 33. 6% and 25. 3%, respectively ( P=0. 000);Dmax to the spinal cord was significantly increased by 6. 9%( P=0. 005) . There was no significant difference in D2 to the spinal cord between Plan?2 and Plan?1( P=0. 392) . Conclusions The doses to both parotid glands increase during HT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is closely associated with the shift of the parotid glands toward the midline. Image?guided radiotherapy does not enhance the dose to the target volume, but reduces the dose to the spinal cord.

Objective To improve recognition and diagnosis of primary non-obstructive megaureter.Methods The authors analyzed the X-ray findings of intravenous urography and B-ultrasonographic manifestations of 28 cases with primary non-obstructive megaureter proved by varied examinations and operations.Results The X-ray and B-ultrasonographic manifestations as follows:in the terminal ureter,there was a short segment,less than 3 cm in length,with normal caliber but adynamic to micturition and the ureter proximal to the adynamic segment was secondarily dilated remarkably.The terminal end of the dilated ureter appeared as drumstick shaped,spindle-shaped,snakehead shaped or rattail shaped.On right time fluoroscopy and B-ultrasonographic observation,a decrease of peristalsis frequency,increase of peristalsis range,interrupted downward convey of peristalsis wave could be noted.Conclusion The contrast urography is the main method,B-ultrasonography and cyctocopy are helpful for the diagnosis of primary non-obstructive megaureter.

Objective To study the clinical and X-ray manifestations of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(PNHL)of bone so that to suppy the valuable informations for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods 14 cases with PNHL of bone confirmed by clinic and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.There were 9 male and 5 femal,age ranged from 20 to 60 years with average of 35 years,and average history of disease was 11 months in all cases.Results Of all cases single bone involved in 11 cases,multiple bone involved in 3 cases,most of them the flat bone and the distal end of long bone were involved.The appearances of the lesion on X-ray were bony destruction with slight sclerosis at the margin of destructive area,there were periosteal reaction,soft tissue masses and destruction of joint manifestations,PNHL of bone can be classified as four typers:osteolytic(n=8),sclerotic(n=2),mixed(n=3)and cystic(n=1)lesions by the form and feature of bone destruction.Conclusion PNHL of bone has characteristic X-ray manifestations comparatively.The correct diagnostic rate can be improved if we concern about clinical data.