Objective To study the relation between Child Turcotte classification and pathology, diagonsis, prognosis and fibrosis index as well as its significance. Methods The levels of hyaluronic acid(HA), type Ⅲ procollagen(PCⅢ), Laminin(LN) and type Ⅳ collagen(Ⅳ C) were detected by enzyme linked immunoadsordent assay(ELISA) or radioimmunoassay(RIA). Pathomorphology was observed in 68 patients with cirrhosis. Results Level of HA in serum was positively correlated with cirrhotic severity, but other fibrosis indexes could not reflect cirrhotic severity. Child Turcotte classification was concordant with the pathological changes. The concordance rate of Child Turcotte classification B or C patients with pathologic diagnosis was up to 97.8%. The recovery rate of Child Turcotte classification A patients was up to 95.5%. Fatality rate of Child Turcotte classification C patients was up to 96.9%. Conclusion Child Turcotte classification is closely correlated with the severity of hepatic fibrosis, severity of pathological changes in liver and prognosis of patients. It is of clinical value in the reflection of severity of hepatic cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the antidepressed effects of the extract of Hypericum perforatum with enriched flavonoids. Methods The forced swimming test( FST) , tail suspension test( TST) , open field activity( OFA) test and reserpine- induced hypothermia test were carried out to determine the antidepressant activity in mice. Mice immobility duration in FST and TST , spontaneous activity frequency in OFA , and body temperature decrease in reserpine antagonistic test were observed.Results Extract at the dosages of 40, 80, 160 and 240 mg/kg dosage except the dosage of 20 mg/kg, could significantly shorten mice immobility time in FST and TST.Extract could reduce mice spontaneous activity frequency to some degree in OFA. Compared with the model group, extract at the dosages of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg could remarkably inhibit the decrease of body temperature in reserpine antagonistic test at 3rd, 4th and 5th hour, so did the extract at the dosages of 240 and 480 mg/kg. Conclusion Extract of Hypericum perforatum with enriched flavonoids (free of hyperforin) exerts an antidepressant activity in animal models.

Objective Inhaled corticosteroids combined with long β2-adrenoceptor agonist are widely used in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,but mechanisms remain unclear.Methods Macrophage cells differentiated from THP-1 cell line were stimulated with dexamethasone and/or formoterol with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS).TLR4 mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.Results A dose-dependent up regulation in TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in the presence of LPS was found.Treatment with dexamethasone (10-10 ～ 10-6mol/L) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in TLR4 mRNA and protein.Stimulation with formeterol (10-7 mol/L and 10-6 mol/L) caused up regulation of TLR4.Formoterol (10-6mol/L)partially reversed the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone (10-6 mol/L) on TLR4 expression in the presence of LPS.Conclusions Modulation of TLR4 in macrophages by dexamethasone and/or formoterol may be one of the mechanisms for combination and have important implications for the treatment of airway inflammation in response to gram-negative bacteria.

Objective To evaluate the cooperation and nursing during esophageal variceal ligature with painless endoscopy.Methods The cooperation and nursing intervention of 290 patients with esophageal varices treated with painless endoscopic loop ligature from January to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The treatment of 290 patients were succeessful.There was no anesthetic accident and serious complication.The treatment was successfully completed in the safe,calm and comfortable painless condition.Conclusions Esophageal variceal ligature with painless endoscopy is a safe and painless method which is easily accepted by patiens.The key point of the successful treatment is close cooperation and the deliberate nursing.

BACKGROUND: Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) refers to join the fluorescence groups into PCR reacting system, and to real-time monitor entire PCR process using the fluorescence signal accumulation, finally to make the quantitative analysis of the unknown template through the standard curve. OBJECTIVE: To study the theory of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and to explore its applications and progress in medicine. METHODS: With "real-time fluorescence quota PCR, theorem, application" in English for the search term, PubMed database was retrieved from January 2000 to December 2008. With "real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, principle, application" in Chinese for the search term, Wanfang Database from January 2000 to December 2008, Tsinghua Tongfang Chinese database from January 2000 to December 2008 ware was retrieved. Literatures were limited to English and Chinese languages. Cell factor and tumor resistance genes served as the evaluation index. The methodology of research on the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology and medical applied research on real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology were included. While repetitive research and Meta analysis were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Because real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology has not only realized PCR develops from qualitative to quantitative levels, but also has strong specificity, high sensitivity, good duplication, accurate quantization, high automaticity, and entire blocking response compared with conventional PCR, thus it becomes the important tool in the molecular biology research. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique has been widely applied, such as mRNA expression, detections of DNA copy number and determination of mononucleotide polymorphism, as well as in the clinical medicine including accurate quantitative examination of mycobacterium tuberculosis, Type B and Type C hepatitis, AIDS virus, gonococcus, and chlamydia trachomatis. Its quantitative scope extremely extends, no need of gradient dilution, the specificity is stronger, overcomes the false positivity. Due to the traditional PCR technology cannot give the accurate quantization, it is greatly limited in the practical application. Therefore, the accurate quantization of the PCR product, particularly the dynamic monitoring of viral etiology, becomes the urgent need.

Objective To investigate the effect of inhibiting the expression of Navl. 8 sodium channels by an antisense oligodeoxynudeotide(ODN) on visceral hypersensitivity. Methods The visceral hypersensitivity animal models induced by giving neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats colorectal distention(CRD) after postnatal days 8, 10 and 12. Animals were injected intrathecally either Navl. 8 antisense ODN (research group) or mismatch ODN (control group) twice a day for 3 days at the 8th week. After that, the expression of Navl. 8 in each group was examined by RT-PCR, and abdomiral withdrawal reflex(AWR) score and spinal c-Fos expression were evaluated to assess whether the intervention can relieve the visceral hypersensitivity. Results After intrathecal injection with the antisense ODN, the expression of Navl. 8 in each group decreased.AWR score and the number of c-Fos positive neurons in the spinal cord, especially in the area 1 and 3, decreased in the model group, while they did not change in the control group. Conclusions Interventing the expression of Nav1.8 may relieve the visceral hypersensitivity in this model of irritable bowel syndrome.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features and responses to therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) overlap syndrome. Methods Comparison was made between 11 patients with PBC/AIH overlap syndrome, 21 cases with type I AIH and 20 cases with PBC (Scheuer stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ), and the emphases was laid upon the clinical manifestations, pathological features and responses to therapy of the patients with PBC/AIH overlap syndrome. Results No significant differences were found in sex, age and course of diseases among the three groups. In PBC/AIH group, the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), ?-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GTP), IgM and the frequency of positive anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and AMA-M2 antibodies were significantly higher than those in the pure AIH group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of ondansetron on the analgesic efficacy of tramadol for postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). Methods Forty ASA I - II patients aged 22-74 years, weighing 40-90 kg scheduled for radical mastectomy were randomly allocated to one of two groups : control group ( n = 20) and ondansetron group ( n = 20) . The patients were premedicated with intramuscular atropine 0.01 mg?kg-1 and diazepam 0.2 mg?kg-1. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1-0.2 mg (total dose was limited to 15 mg), fentanyl 2.4?g?kg-1 , propofol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.12-0.15 mg?kg-1 . The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation (VT 8-10 ml?kg-1 , RR 13 bpm). Anesthesia was maintained with enflurane inhalation and continuous infusion of vecuronium. The patients were attached to a PCIA pump after operation and received PCIA with 1 % tramadol (background infusion 2 ml?h-1 , bolus dose 2 ml, lockout interval 10min) in both groups. In ondansetron group the patients received ondansetron 6 mg iv during operation and a loading dose of tramadol 1 mg?kg-1 and ondansetron 2 mg after operation before PCIA. Pain score (VAS 0-10), sedation score (0-3), tramadol consumption and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were recorded at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after operation. Results There was no significant difference in pain and sedation scores and the incidence of vomiting between the two groups. Significantly more tramadol was consumed at 4, 8 and 12 h after operation in the ondansetron group as compared with control group (P

Objective:To clone the yeast cytosine deaminase(YCD) gene and to elucidate the killing efficacy of yeast cytosine deaminase / 5 - fluorocytosine gene therapy system on gene- transfered cells. Methods:YCD gene was cloned and YCD expression retroviral vector was constructed,the vector was transfered into packaging cell line and high- titer virus was abtained. Then the tum origenic leukemia cell line K5 6 2 B was infected,selected and evaluated. Finally,the killing efficacy of 5 - FC on gene- transfered cell clone observed,and the 5 - FC to 5 - FU conversion of YCD- K5 6 2 B cell lysate was estim ated. Results:YCD gene was cloned and the sequence was confirm ed. A YCD expression retroviral vector,MSCV- YCD- IRES- EGFP was constructed. Transfering it into packaging cell line? NX- A ,high- titer (3.5? 10 6 CFU / ml) virus was obtained. The virus were used to infect tumorigenic leukem ia cell line,K5 6 2 B,and the infecting rate was quite high (30 % ) . A gene- transfered cell clone,YCD- K5 6 2 B,was selected,and YCD gene m RNA expression was detected in it.YCD- K5 6 2 B cell lysate demonstrated CD enzyme activity,and it could deaminase 5 - FC to 5 - FU .MTT assay showed 5 - FC could kill YCD- K5 6 2 B cell in 96 h even at lower concentration(15?mol/ L ) . Conclusion:YCD/ 5 - FC suicide gene therapy system has a significantkilling efficacy on gene- transfered cells. [

Objective To study the changes of corneal endothelium after silicone oil tamponade.Methods This trial involved 81 cases (81 eyes) who received vitrectomy with tamponade of silicone oil or vitrectomy and lensectomy with tamponade of silicone oil. The changes of corneal endothelium were observed before surgery and 1week, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery. Results The mean corneal endothelial cell densities was significantly decreased after surgery in all cases (P