Compared study of the early shock stage effects on whole body and intestinal epithelium was taken among radiation injury (12.16Gy irradiation of a ~(60)Co source), burns (5%, 10%, 15%, 25%TBSA Ⅲ?) and combined radiation-burn injury animals. Seven hundred and fifty mice were examined totally. The incidence of severe shock increased as the extent of burn area increased. The early burn shock was the most important cause of death in combined injury animals before 48h postinjury, and represented 8 special feature of combined effects. Early shock could be prevented and early stage death peak disappeared through fluid replacement to the combined injury animals, meanwhile, severe damage of intestinal epithelium resulted by the shock mitigated. Thus, if the shock was effectively treated, further treatment and regeneration of intestinal epithelium could become possible.

Objective To breed and identify steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) knock-out mice. Methods Heterozygote mice were bred and reproduced. Wild genotype, heterozygote genotype, and homozygote genotype would appear in offsprings of parents. Genome DNA extracted from the murine tails was subjected to PCR for genotype identification. Male homozygote mice were selected to mate with the female heterozygote mice for acquiring homozygote baby mice according to Mendel law. Results Breeding and reproducing were successful and more heterozygote genotype mice were reproduced. Conclusion Appropriate methods for breeding, reproducing, and identifying are the effective way for acquiring SRC-3 knock-out mice from heterozygote mice.

Objective To review the characteristics of human defensin 5 (HD 5), including molecular structure, antibacterial activity and gene expression, and to show its development prospect as a new drug in the treatment of enterogenic infection. Methods The published papers about HD 5 were reviewed to summarize its research progress. Results Being a 3-5 KDa cationic peptide rich in cysteine and arginine, especially without glycosylated side chain, HD 5 plays its antibacterial role against positive and negative Gram's bacterium, fungi, spirochete, protozoan and enveloped virus with the special active center composed of three disulfide bonds. HD 5 encoding gene alpha defensin 5 (DEFA 5) localizes at the 8th chromosome P21 pter with 449 bp, which includes five pieces of sequence: 5′ untranslated region (1-40),signal peptide (41-97), propiece (98-226), mature peptide (227-322),and Poly A (433-438).Conclusion As a broad spectrum and effective endogenous antimicrobial peptide, HD 5 would be a promising alternative peptide against enterogenic infection if the accessibility to its mass production is settled.

One hundred and forty mice, weighing 30-35 grams, were divided into irradiation group (12 Gy total body irradiation from a 60Co source), combined radiation-burn group (12 Gy total body irradiation and 15% TBSA third degree burns), and normal control group.The dynamic changes of the intestinal epithelium were observed with light and electron microscopes and autoradiography within 96 hours after injuries, and attention was paid to the formation and conversion of the misshapen cells. It was Jound that the proliferative cycle of the young cells in the intestinal crypts which were severely injuried by irradiation was significantly retarded, and their G1-phase to G2-phase were prolonged. These cells gradually changed into misshapen cells. Some of the misshapen cells could not divide and finally they wer.e desquamated; abortive proliferation was found in some of them; some others showed pathological karyokinesis. Thus polymorphic cells were formed. It was difficult to show that the misshapen cells could take part in the repair of the intestinal epithelium. It is speculated that the misshapen cells might to some extent have the function of absorption, secretion and barrier.

Objective　To study the effect of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in small intestinal epithelia in mice after radiation injury and its relation with the change of small intestinal epithelial proliferation. Methods　Mice were given a single dose of 8 Gy of total body 60Co gamma irradiation and then divided into GLP-2 and control groups. The activity of MAPK and proliferation rate in small intestinal epithelia were measured. Results　The activity of MAPK in small intestinal epithelia was higher in GLP-2-treated mice than in irradiated mice, and the proliferation rate in small intestinal epithelia significantly increased in GLP-2-treated mice. These two indices were of significantly positive correlated. Conclusion　GLP-2 can promote small intestinal epithelial proliferation in irradiated mice, and this may be related to activation of MAPK in small intestinal epithelia.

Objective　To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) on recovery of small intestinal epithelia from radiation injury in mice. Methods　Mice received a single 8 Gy dose of total body irradiation from 60Co gamma ray followed by treatment with GLP-2 or vehicle. DNA and protein content in small intestinal mucosa were measured, and small intestine was processed for histological examination with light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Results　Small intestinal mucosal DNA and protein content, villus height, and villus number significantly decreased in irradiated mice, partial villus tips were ulcerated. GLP-2 administration caused increase in DNA and protein content, villus height, and villus number as compared with irradiated control group. Meanwhile, the villus tips were lack of ulceration. Conclusion　GLP-2 can promote recovery of small intestinal epithelia from radiation injury in mice.

Objective To study the relationship of expression of central cortex glucocorticoid receptor (GR) at protein level with GR expression in the liver at protein level and with changes of serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) following severe closed traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Methods Severe TBI was established in awake mice by using a BIM-Ⅲ biomechanical machine. At 0.5, 2, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after TBI, the total cytosolic GR in the cortex and liver were detected with Western blotting. Levels of serum ACTH and cortisol were measured by ELISA technique and radio-immunological assay (RIA) respectively. Results The expression of GR both in the cortex and liver were obviously down-regulated at protein levels at 2-72 hours after TBI and increased slowly eight hours after injury. The GR in the liver showed no recovery at 72 hours after injury and that in the cortex was decreased continually at 24 hours after injury. Serum ACTH and cortisol levels were increased markedly compared with control group, when there were two different peaks in the observation curve.Conclusion There is glucocorticoid resistance both in the central and peripheral tissues after severe closed TBI in the awake mice, which changes in a time-dependent manner.

Objective It has been shown that ketamine attenuates cytokine production and release induced by endotoxin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diazepam and ketamine on inflammatory responses during early stage of burn. Methods BALB/C male mice weighing 20-25 g were randomly divided into 5 groups : (1) normal control group (n = 10); (2) burn control group received Ⅲ degree bums covering 15%-20% of the body surface (n = 10); (3) D-K group received intramuscular diazepam 0.4mg?kg-1 and ketamine 10 mg?kg-1 ( n = 10); (4) D + K pretreatment group received D + K 15 min before burn ( n = 10) and (5) D + K post-treatment group received D + K 15 min after burn ( n = 10) . Four hours after burn or anesthesia (D + K) the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for determination of serum TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-10 concentrations (ELISA) and peritoneal macrophages were isolated for detection of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by Western blotting. In addition peritoneal macrophages isolated from normal animals (group 1) and bum animals (group 2) were cultured with diazepam-ketamine for 1 h befor detection of GR.Results Serum TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-10 levels in group 2 were significantly higher than those in group 1. In group 4 and 5 serum TNF-?, IL-l? and IL-10 levels were significantly lower than those in group 2. In group 4 only serum IL-10 level whereas both serum IL-1? and IL-10 levels in group 5 were significantly higher than those in group 1. GR of peritoneal macrophage was significantly down regulated 4 h after bum (group 2) as compared with group 1. The level of GR in group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 2 but not significantly different from that in group 1; whereas the GR level in group 5 was significantly higher than that in group 2 but lower than that in group 1 and 4. There was no significant difference in GR expression after macrophages were cultured in vitro with diazepam and ketamine between normal or bum groups. Conclusion Diazepam-ketamine pretreatment can suppress cytokine release induced by severe bum. The expression of GR in peritoneal macrophages is significantly reduced by bum. Diazepam-ketamine given before or after bum can suppress the inflammatory response but have no direct effect on peritoneal macrophages.

Traumatic stress in the normal individual results in activation of the sympatho-adrenal system causing a rise in noradrenaline and adrenaline, acute phase response in liver ,and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical(HPA)system resulting in elevated levels of cortisol. Studies in animals and in humans with posttraumatic stress disorder indicate that successful adaptation to stress is a prerequisite for the survival of all organisms living in an enviroment in which noxious stimuli are constantly present.

Objective To analyze the expression profile of specific miRNA of gastric cancer tissues.Methods miRNA were isolated from five paired gastric cancer tissues and corresponding paracancerous normal tissues.To identify the profile of gastric cancer,miRNA hybridization and cluster analysis were processed by significance analysis of microarrays (SAM,version 2.1) and cluster software.The relative expression of hsa-miR-30c,hsa-miR-196a and hsa-miR-193b were validated by fluorescence Real-Time PCR using taqman probe.Further hsa-miR-30c taget gene was predictived by online software.Results Revealed by miRNA microarray detection,there were 16 miRNA with differential expression in gastric cancer tissues and para-cancerous normal tissues,among which HS_100,hsa-miR-27a,hsa-miR-214*,solexa-555-1991 and hsa-miR-196 were significantly up-regulated,and hsa-miR-502-3p,hsa-miR-29c*,hsa-miR-64,hsa-miR-193b,hsa-miR-551b,hsa-miR-30c,hsa-miR-582-5p,hsa-miR-625*,hsa-miR-660,hsa-miR-363 and hsa-miR-486-5p were down-regulation.The relative expression of hsa-miR-30c,hsa-miR-196a and hsa-miR-193b was in high concordance with microarray.Conclusion There is specific miRNA expression profile in gastric cancer tissues,among which differentially-expressed miRNAs may be involved in the regulation of gastric cancer progress and serve as new potential biomarkers.