Objective To apply the membrane technology for purifying rough cordyceps polysaccharides solution,the optimal operation condition and effective cleaning method were researched.MethodsTo mainly analyze the flux of membrane and its recovery.Results The optimal experiment operation condition obtained is 60℃,pH value 7-8,and pressure 0.3-0.4 MPa,by which the polysaccharides recovery was about 30%,more than by traditional ethanol extraction,and the most impurities as infusibility substance and protein colloid etc.were taken out.Moreover,the flux of membrane recovery can be above 90% after 80℃ water and 1% NaOH solution was alternately used to wash the fouling membrane under intermittent little back-pulsing. Conclusion The process of membrane technology purifying rough cordyceps polysaccharides is simpl and feasible.

With the further study on molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM),lots of novel targeted therapies emerged into clinical trials,which improved the response rate and life quality of MM patients.In the 56th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting,a series of special reports about latest developments in targeted therapy for MM patients were published.Efficacy was improved significantly by these reagents,which may provide the new treatment strategies for MM patients.The advances in the novel targeted therapies will be summarized in this paper based on the new reports in the 56th ASH annual meeting.

Objective To explore an easy,safe and effective method for correction of the hypertrophy of mandibulae angle and inferior facial enlargement.Methods Based on the complexion of mandibulae angle hypertrophy,32 patients were treated through an intraoral incision with complete separation of masseter,polish of the diagonal site,camber gonion osteotomy and mandibular marginal plasty under local anaesthesia.Meanwhile,19 patients with masseter hypertrophy were injected with botulinal toxin A three months after the operation,and 2 patients with facio-buccal fullness were treated with removal of the buddal fat pad.Results 12 patients were satisfied with the results after following-up for one to six months.Conclusion This method is easy-doing,safe,reliable and accords with the principle of aesthetics.Osteotomy and grinding of the bone are convenient,which have little damage to patients with less complications and quick recovery.

Objective To investigate the expression of S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2) in rats with acute liver failure (ALF) and its significance. Methods There were 256 male SD rats used in this study, among which 240 were injected with D-galactosamine (D-GaIN) to set up ALF model. The rats were divided into 3 groups: ALF model group, free hepatocellular transplantation group, microencapsulated hepatocyte transplantation group, which were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL of RPMI 1640 culture medium, free hepatocellular suspension and microencapsulated hepatocyte suspension, respectively. The other 6 rats were in control group and the rest 10 rats were used for hepatocyte isolation. Expressions of Skp2 protein in hepatocytes of rats at different time points were detected by immunohistochemical technique. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The survival rate in each group was observed. Comparisons among groups were done using one-factor analysis of variance. Results Levels of ALT, AST and TBil decreased more significantly by intraperitoneal transplantation of microencapsulated hepatocytes than those by intraperitoneal transplantation of free hepatocytes (P<0. 05). Skp2 labeling indices after 36 h of injection in ALF model group, free hepatocellular transplantation group and microencapsulated hepatocyte transolantation grouo were (28. 2±6.1) %, (41.4± 10. 5) % and (68. 0±10.8) %, respectively (F=29. 08 , P<0. 05). There were 4, 6 and 11 out of 15 rats survived in the 3 groups, respectively. Conclusion The dynamic observation of Skp2 expression could be used to judge the regeneration of hepatocytes.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic and differential diagnostic values of antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) and tumor suppressors (p14ARF, p15INK4b and p16INK4a) mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis admitted in Shantou Central Hospital from October 2013 to April 2014 were selected. The real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect ANRIL, p14ARF, p15INK4b and p16INK4a mRNA expression levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The subjects having taken physical health examinations in outpatient clinics were assigned in the healthy control group. Results During the study period, 19 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 24 cases of cirrhosis, and 31 healthy controls were finally enrolled. In the hepatocellular carcinoma group, the mRNA expression level of ANRIL was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (?Ct:13.07±0.62 vs. 12.45±0.84, P<0.01), while p15INK4b mRNA expression level was obviously lower than that of the healthy control group (13.24±0.98 vs. 13.99±0.99, P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of ANRIL (13.07±0.65 vs. 12.71±0.76) and p15INK4b (13.24±0.98 vs. 13.55±1.08) between the groups of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis (both P>0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences in p14ARF and p16INK4a mRNA expressions among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion The elevation of ANRIL and descent of p15INK4b mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with liver lesion can be used as the reference indicators for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and to predict their prognoses.

Numerous targeted therapies emerged into clinical trials, which improved the response rate and life quality of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Series latest developments at targeted therapy for MM patients were reported on 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, especially the results of combination with these novel agents showed a major highlight of this meeting. The advances in the novel targeted and biological therapies will be summarized in this paper.

The clinical application of biological immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and novel targeted therapy has explored a new therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. Targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), allogeneic CAR-T, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and bispecific antibody targeting BCMA have achieved remarkable efficacy and safety in many clinical studies. This article introduces the latest immunotherapy for MM at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of h um an hepatocyte transplantation in the treatment of severe hepatitis induced by dr ugs. Methods The primary human hepatocytes were isolated from t he liver of a healthy donor, and they were then cryopreserved. The thawed hepato cytes were transplanted into the patient's spleen via a femoral artery catheter. 2?10~10 hepatocytes were harvested, and 70% of thawed hepatocytes were vi able, and 2?10~9 vital hepatocytes were transplanted. Results One month after the transplantation, clinical symptoms of the recipient were a meliorated obviously, and the levels of BIL, NH3, ALT and AST lowered, while PA elevated. 50 days after discharge from the hospital it was found that biochemica l parameters returned to normal values, and the hepatocyte signal could be detec ted in the spleen with MRI. Conclusion Hepatocyte transplantati on is safe and efficacious.

Objective To investigate the effects and safety of human hepatocytes transplantation in vivo for the treatment of liver failure. Methods The primary human hepatocytes were collected from normal liver tissue donated by healthy volunteers and preserved by cryopreservation technique. After thawing, the hepatocytes were transplanted into the spleen of patients with severe hepatitis through catheterization of the femoral artery. Then the changes in clinical symptoms, serum biochemical indexes and MRI signals of the spleen were observed in the patients. Results A total of 2?10 10 hepatocytes were isolated from normal liver tissue of healthy volunteers and 75% of the hepatocytes were alive after cryopreservation and thawing. The number of transplanted hepatocytes was 2?109. In the recipients, the clinical symptoms were markedly improved, serum levels of bilirubin, NH_3, ALT and AST were significantly reduced, but that of PTA remarkably increased, after hepatocyte transplantation. The follow-up examination was performed 80d and 270d after discharge from the hospital, and it was showed that all the serum biochemical indexes returned to normal and signals of the hepatocytes were found in the spleen. Conclusions Hepatocyte transplantation is a safe and effective therapy for severe hepatitis. The transplanted hepatocytes can proliferate and differentiate in the spleen to replace or partially compensate the liver function of synthesis, detoxication and metabolism. Contrast enhanced MRI can be a new method for follow-up study of transplanted hepatocytes.