Objective To provide a device and an effective method for tail vein injection in mice. Methods Doing the tail vein injection in mice with the self-designed device which is consisted of constant temperature part, lighting part and holding part.The difficulty and time of injection with and without the device were compared.Results It was faster and more accurate to perform the tail vein injection in mice with this self-designed device.Conclusion Using this self-designed device can significantly improve the efficiency and save the injection time.

Objective To explore the feasibility and curative effect of arthroscopic treatment of avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) using Ethibood line plus double Endobutton plates. Methods From May 2014 to January 2016, 26 cases of acute ACL tibial attachment fracture were treated surgically. They were 16 males and 10 females, aged from 9 to 45 years ( average, 26. 6 years ) . By the Meyers-McKeeve classification, there were 17 cases of type Ⅱand 9 ones of type Ⅲ. In preoperative examina-tion, their Lachman test and Anterior Drawer Test were all positive. All their bone blocks were fixated using Ethibond line plus double Endobutton plates. Results Their operative time ranged from 50 to 70 min, averaging 57 min. On average, the 26 patients obtained a follow-up of 8 months ( from 6 to 13 months ) . X-rays at 3 months after operation showed all fractures united. At the last follow-up, their Lachman test and Anterior Drawer Test were all negative. The range of motion of the knee joint was larger than 120° in all; their Lysholm score of the knee joint averaged 90. 6 ± 2. 9 points, significantly higher than their preoperative value ( 43. 6 ± 4. 7 points ) ( t=7. 583, P=0. 026 ); their International Knee Documentation Committee ( IKDC ) scores averaged 93. 1 ± 4. 2 points, significantly higher than their preoperative value ( 46. 3 ± 5. 1 points ) ( t=8. 162, P=0. 021 ) . No such complications as reflexive neural dystrophy, avascular necrosis or weak knee extension occurred during follow-ups. Conclusion The avulsion fractures of ACL tibial attachment can be treated arthroscop-ically using Ethibood line plus double Endobutton plates, because this technique has such advantages as simple operation, limited invasion, good fracture reduction, strong fixation, and possibility of early functional rehabil-itation of the knee joint.

Objective To observe the influence of early intestinal barrier protection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods To analyze the therapeutic methods and prognosis of 56 patients with SAP. The patients were randomly divided into the conventional therapy group (A) and the intestinal barrier protection group (B). The APACHE Ⅱ score, Ranson score, Marshall score, CT severity index (CTSI), gastrointestinal functions score (GFS), the ratio of Lactulose to Mannitol (L/M), plasma Endotoxin and Diamine Oxidase (DAO), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α, incidence of pancreatic infection and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and the hospitalization mortality were compared between the two groups. Results On the 7th day after admission, the APACHE Ⅱ score, GFS, L/M, Endotoxin, DAO, CRP and TNF-α were significantly less in group B than in group A (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the CTSI (P>0. 05)between the two groups at 2nd week after admission. The incidence of pancreatic infection and MODS in group B were significantly lower than in group A (P<0. 05). The hospitalization mortality was not significantly different (P>0. 05) between the two groups. Conclusion Early intestinal barrier protection in SAP alleviated systemic inflammatory response, and reduced the incidences of pancreatic infection and MODS, thus improved the prognosis.

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening complication that occurs when the body responds to an infection attacking the host. Sepsis rapidly progresses and patients deteriorate and develop septic shock, with multiple organ failure, if not promptly treated. Currently no effective therapy is available for sepsis; therefore, early diagnosis is crucial to decrease the high mortality rate. Genome-wide expression analyses of patients in critical conditions have confirmed that the expression levels of the majority of genes are changed, suggesting that the molecular basis of sepsis is at the gene level. This review aims to elucidate the role of circular (circ) RNAs in the pathogenesis of sepsis and sepsis-induced organ damage. In addition, the feasibility of using circRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers for sepsis is also discussed, as well as circRNA-based therapy. METHOD: This narrative review is based on a literature search using Medline database. Search terms used were "circular RNAs and sepsis", "circRNAs and sepsis", "non-coding RNAs and sepsis", "ncRNAs and sepsis", "circRNAs and septic pathogenesis", "circRNAs and septic model", "circRNAs and septic shock" and "circRNAs, biomarker, and sepsis". RESULTS: Numerous studies indicate that circRNAs might exert pivotal roles in regulating the immune system of the host against various pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Dysregulation of circRNA expression levels has been confirmed as an early event in sepsis and associated with the inflammatory response, immunosuppression and coagulation dysfunction. This impairment in regulation eventually leads to multiple organ dysfunctions, including of the kidneys, lungs and heart. CONCLUSION By investigating the regulation of circRNAs in sepsis, new molecular targets for the diagnosis and intervention of sepsis can be identified. Such an understanding will be important for the development of therapeutic drugs.
Biomarkers ; Humans ; RNA, Circular ; Shock, Septic/genetics*

In China's new healthcare reform, the pilot local governments explore the practice of establishing a new model of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.Zhejiang Province has adopted a special policy of effectively allocating hospital resources and human resources, and efficiently improving primary healthcare institution capability and patient satisfaction(hereinafter referred to as double allocation, double improvement), focusing on the implementation of the 'Healthcare Talents Project', in order to fill a vacancy of human resources in primary healthcare institutions.This paper uses system dynamics modeling and the WISN method of WHO to estimate the gap in physician supply in primary healthcare institutions.After building the system dynamics model of 'Healthcare Talents Project', this paper simulates the influence of the policy on the vacancy of doctors in primary healthcare institutions and analyzes the sensitivity of regulatory factors.The simulation results show that, there are a big gap in physician supply of about 14,000 to build the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.The project can gradually increase the number of primary doctors, and the policy may fill the vacancy by 2021.However, if the efficiency of the hospital doctors who give assistance to primary institutions is increased by 10%, the targeted training and recruitment 100% achieve the policy plans and objectives, the project goal may be achieved by 2020.Therefore, this project can effectively adjust the human resources structure quickly and reasonably, and it can be used as reference for the reform of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and to elucidate their associations with clinical features in Chinese dermatomyositis (DM) patients. Methods Four hundreds and twenty-seven DM patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical features and sera were collected. Twelve subtypes of MSAs were detected by commercial test kits. The correlations between MSAs and clinical phenotypes in DM patients were calculated by t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test. In order to clarify whether MSAs subsets would be independent factors of certain clinical feature or not, separate models were established to test the correlation via the Logistic regression analysis. Results The positivity of MSAs was 69.8% in 427 patients with DM. Anti-ARS, anti-MDA5 and anti-TIF1-γ antibodies were the three most common MSAs in the DM patients with positivity of 19.9%, 17.6%and 17.1% respectively. Different kinds of rash associated with MSAs subtypes by χ2 test. Certain MSAs subtype might be an independent factor for clinical features via logistic regression analysis. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was observed more frequently in patients carrying anti-MDA5 [OR=5.266, 95%CI (2.522, 10.996), P<0.01] and anti-Jo-1 [OR=6.232, 95%CI (1.674, 23.199), P=0.006]. On the contrary, anti-Mi2 [OR=0.208, 95%CI (0.074, 0.580, P=0.003] and anti-TIF1-γ [OR=0.189, 95%CI (0.096, 0.370), P<0.01] were protective factors against developing ILD. Anti-TIF1-γ was an independent risk factor for cancer-associated myositis [OR=5.907, 95%CI (2.868, 12.168), P<0.01]. Anti-TIF1-γ[OR=2.789, 95%CI (1.594, 4.880) P<0.01], anti-NXP2 [OR=2.983, 95%CI (1.274, 6.982), P=0.012] and anti-SAE1 [OR=4.815, 95%CI (1.082, 21.424), P=0.039] could worsen dysphagic tendencies. In contrast, anti-MDA5 [OR=0.349, 95%CI (0.169, 0.720), P=0.004] might decrease the prevalence of this manifestation. Conclusion Patients with DM have a high frequency of MSAs. Some subtypes of MSAs are correlated with and may be independent factors of different clinical phenotypes. These indicated that MSAs can be useful biomarkers in monitoring the extramuscular features in DM patients.

Objective:To understand the electrocardiogram and echocardiography examination results of population in key areas of unexplained sudden death in Yunnan Province (referred to as Yunnan sudden death).Methods:From 2014 to 2022, electrocardiogram examination was performed on population (including same incident cases, relatives of the cases, villagers of the affected villages, and control individuals) in key areas of Yunnan sudden death from May to October each year. Echocardiography examination was performed on relatives of the cases and villagers of the affected villages, and the types of electrocardiogram and echocardiography changes were sorted out and analyzed.Results:Electrocardiogram examination was conducted on 1 same incident case, 241 relatives of the cases, 464 villagers of the affected villages, and 99 control individuals, respectively. The types of electrocardiogram changes in the same incident case were Q-T interval prolongation and sinus tachycardia. A total of 17 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the relatives of the cases, mainly including sinus arrhythmia (12.45%, 30/241), sinus bradycardia (11.20%, 27/241), and left axis deviation (8.30%, 20/241). A total of 21 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the villagers of the affected villages, mainly including left axis deviation (9.48%, 44/464), sinus bradycardia (8.19%, 38/464), and T-wave abnormalities (7.76%, 36/464). A total of 10 types of electrocardiogram changes were detected in the control individuals, mainly including sinus arrhythmia (12.12%, 12/99), T-wave abnormalities (9.09%, 9/99), and sinus bradycardia (7.07%, 7/99). Echocardiography examination was conducted on 49 relatives of the cases and 365 villagers of the affected villages, respectively. A total of 12 types of echocardiography changes were detected in the relatives of the cases, mainly including tricuspid regurgitation (18.37%, 9/49), decreased right ventricular diastolic function (8.16%, 4/49), aortic regurgitation (6.12%, 3/49), and atrial septal defect (6.12%, 3/49). A total of 15 types of echocardiography changes were detected in the villagers of the affected villages, mainly including tricuspid regurgitation (8.77%, 32/365), aortic regurgitation (6.85%, 25/365), and decreased left ventricular diastolic function (6.58%, 24/365).Conclusion:There are many types of changes in electrocardiogram and echocardiography in the population of key areas of Yunnan sudden death.

Objective:To explore the cause of death of 2 suspected Yunnan sudden unexplained death (YNSUD) cases in Dayao County, Yunnan Province.Methods:The field epidemiological investigation and autopsy of 2 cases of YNSUD in Dayao County from June 15 to 20, 2020 were conducted; and blood and tissue samples were collected for qualitative analysis of common poisons and drugs.Results:The areas where the two cases were located were all seriously ill villages with a history of YNSUD, and the time of death occurred in the onset season of YNSUD. There was no blood relationship between the 2 cases, no obvious abnormal symptoms before death, no special diet, no history of exposure to pesticides and other toxic chemicals, and the test results of common poisons were all negative. Autopsy pathological examination results showed that case 1 died of acute cardiac dysfunction caused by sudden acute myocardial infarction of coronary heart disease, and case 2 died of central respiratory and circulatory failure caused by spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.Conclusions:The two cases are excluded from YNSUD through autopsy, and the cause of death is determined. It is suggested that emergency response should be taken as soon as possible for YNSUD cases, and autopsy should be actively carried out to clarify the cause of death from a pathological point of view.

Objective:To analyze common pathogenic gene mutations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in Yunnan unexplained sudden death (hereinafter referred to as Yunnan sudden death) cases, and explore the etiological relationship between Yunnan sudden death and ARVC.Methods:Four typical Yunnan sudden death affected counties (cities) were selected as investigation sites. Cryopreserved autopsy cardiac cavity blood samples were collected from Yunnan sudden death cases ( n = 3), and peripheral venous blood samples were harvested from their relatives (first, second, third and immediate degree of kinship, n = 67) and control population ( n = 49). The DNA of blood samples was extracted for amplification and sequencing of 97 exons of 5 common ARVC desmosomal protein [desmoplakin (DSP), desmocollin-2 (DSC2), desmoglein-2 (DSG2), plakophilin-2 (PKP2) and junction plakoglobin (JUP)] genes, and genetic lineage of Yunnan sudden death cases was investigated. Results:A total of 17 gene mutation sites were discovered in Yunnan sudden death cases and their relatives, with 6, 5, 4, 1 and 1 in the DSP, DSC2, DSG2, PKP2 and JUP genes, which were not found in the control population. Among them, 9 were newly discovered mutation sites and 8 were reported mutation sites. The DSP gene exon 24 c.8472 G>C, a pure contractual sense mutation, was common in the relatives of 4 cases in the same family surveyed; and one immediate relative carried a deletion mutation at c.2368 - 2370 of exon 15 of DSC2 gene.Conclusion:Yunnan sudden death cases and their relatives carry mutations in the ARVC desmosomal protein DSP, DSC2, DSG2, PKP2, and JUP genes, and the onset of some Yunnan sudden death may be associated with mutations in the ARVC desmosomal protein genes.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention measures on Yunnan unexplained sudden death (YUSD) in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and to provide scientific basis for improving the prevention and control measures.Methods:Since 2010, Yunnan Province had implemented comprehensive intervention measures in ward areas according to the etiological pattern of YUSD. In July 2019, 47 families with YUSD were selected as case families and 23 families without YUSD were selected as control families in 31 natural villages of Heqing, Xiangyun, Yunlong, Eryuan, Jianchuan, Binchuan and Nanjian counties of Dali Prefecture. A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information, economic status, dietary structure, and health literacy of the families during the two periods of "the first sudden death case" and "the present".Results:The annual household income of the case families at present (median, 20 492.6 yuan) was significantly higher than that of the first sudden death case (3 883.4 yuan), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 5.27, P < 0.001). At present, rice (76.6%, 36/47) was the main diet of the case families; at the time of the first sudden death case, 23.4% (11/47) of the case families could not eat enough, and there was no such situation in the case families at present. Compared with the time of the first sudden death case, the dietary habits of the case families at present were as follows: the proportion of eating Trogia venenata decreased from 19.0% (39/205) to 0 (0/190), the proportion of eating wild fruit decreased from 17.1% (35/205) to 9.5% (18/190), and the proportion of drinking raw water decreased from 55.1% (113/205) to 42.1% (80/190), and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 22.37, 4.90, 6.86, P < 0.05). Lifestyle and health awareness: the proportion of those who washed their hands before meals and after using the toilet increased from 9.8% (20/205) to 41.6% (79/190), those who did not overwork increased from 16.6% (34/205) to 34.2% (65/190), and those who took good protection when spraying pesticides increased from 7.3% (15/205) to 21.6% (41/190), and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 53.17, 33.94, 16.48, P < 0.001). Toilet habits: the proportion of using outdoor toilet decreased from 75.6% (155/205) to 9.5% (18/190), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 175.21, P < 0.001). When the first sudden death case occurred, the proportions of eating Trogia venenata and using outdoor toilet in the case families were higher than those in the control families (χ 2 = 22.37, 23.70, P < 0.001), the proportions of those who washed their hands before meals and after using the toilet and those who did not overwork in the case families were lower than those in the control families (χ 2 = 7.38, 4.93, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The economic conditions, production and living conditions of YUSD areas in Dali Prefecture have been significantly improved, and the health literacy and health prevention awareness of the population have been greatly improved. Economic conditions and living standard, dietary structure and health literacy may be related factors of YUSD.