Objective:To investigate the culture technique and secretory function of parathyroid cells in rats in order to establish experimental basis of parathyroid cell transplantation.Methods:After parathyroid glands were digested by collagenase and trypsin,isolated parathyroid cells were cultured.The cells cultured for 5 days were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Parathyroid hormone obtained from the cell culture fluid on day 1,3,5 and 7 was measured respectively.Results:Parathyroid cells cultured for 5 days had abundant rough surfaced endoplasmic reticula、Golgi bodies、stab mitochondria and secretory granules.Cultured parathyroid cells could secrete parathyroid hormone normally,especially on the 5th day.Conclusion:Parathyroid cells cultured for 5 days still possess original morphologic structure and have maximum secreting function,so it is an optimal donor for transplantation.

Objective To investigate the causes , surgical methods and complications of reoperation of thyroid carcinoma and management .Methods Clinical data of patients with thyroid carcinoma in Department of General Surgery of Tang Du Hospital during Jan .2007 to Apr.2012 were retrospectively analyzed .The causes and complications were studied.Results Postoperative complications happened to 5 cases(13.51%), among whom 2 cases had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and they recovered after 2 to 6 months , 2 cases had temporary hypocalcemic convulsions and the symptom resolved after one-week treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate , and 1 case had bucking and recovered after one week of treatment .Conclusion For patients with thy-roid disease,detailed preoperative examination , intraoperative frozen pathological examination , intraoperative explo-ration and the right operation method are the key factors to prevent thyroid carcinoma reoperation .Careful dissection and gradually sever of upper pole of thyroid lobe reduce complications of thyroid carcinoma reoperation .

A method was established for the simultaneous determination of the total fatty acid esters of chloropropanols in edible oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with isotope dilution technology. The samples were hydrolyzed with sodium methylate-methanol, and then purified by diatomite cartridge. After being derivatized with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole ( HFBI ), the target analytes were determined by GC-MS with the deuteriumchloropropanols esters as the internal standards. An excellent linear correlation in the range of 0. 050-2. 000 mg / L was acquired for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters, 2-MCPD esters, dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP) esters and 2,3-dichloropropan-1-ol (2,3-DCP) esters, with all the correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0. 9995. The limits of detection (LODs) for 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, 1,3-DCP esters and 2,3-DCP esters were 0. 015, 0. 015, 0. 030, and 0. 030 mg / kg, respectively, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0. 050, 0. 050, 0. 100, and 0. 100 mg / kg, respectively. The average spike recoveries of the four kinds of chloropropanols esters in blank extra virgin olive oil matrix were typically in a range of 87. 0% -110. 5% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10. 1% . The detection rates of 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters, 1,3-DCP esters and 2,3-DCP esters in 74 edible oil samples were 94. 6% , 63. 5% , 5. 4% , and 0% , respectively. The contamination levels of 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters and 1,3-DCP esters were in the range of not detected (ND) to 10. 646 mg / kg, ND to 3. 617 mg / kg and ND to 0. 089 mg / kg, respectively. This method is accurate and rugged for the simultaneous determination of total fatty acid esters of chloropropanols in edible vegetable oils.

PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and ISI web were searched without any limitations with regard to publication date or language,as well as the references of qualifying articles.All kinds of cohort studies comprising the risk of gastric cancer between diabetic patients and control subjects were included.We excluded studies that investigated only mortality but not incidence.25 studies met our criteria,and the qualities of these studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.Statistical analyses were carried out with STATA software version 12.0.A random-effects model meta-analysis showed an increased risk of gastric cancer in diabetic patients (RR =1.20,95 ％ CI 1.12-1.28).Subgroup analyses indicated that this result persisted in studies of both male(RR =1.15,95％ CI 1.02-1.29) and female (RR =1.29,95％ CI 1.09-1.53) subjects,in studies of European countries(RR =1.25,95％ CI 1.07-1.46) and Asia countries (RR =1.18,95％ CI 1.09-1.28).Compared with nondiabetics,the incidence of gastric cancer may be increased by approximately 20％ in diabetics.Thus diabetes may be an independent risk factor for gastric cancer.This effect tends to be more significant in type 1 and female patients.

This paper was aimed to establish screening methods of anaphylactoid reaction caused by safflower yellow for injection based on RBL-2 H3 cell degranulation model and mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction,and evaluate the hypersensitivity caused by safflower yellow for injection from different batches. An in vitro cell model was used to keep the cells stimulated for an hour with different batches of safflower yellow for injection as the drug group,serum-free MEM medium as negative control group and 30 mg·L-1 C48/80 as positive control group respectively. The supernatant was then absorbed,and neutral red staining technique was used to detect the effect of safflower yellow injection on the degranulation of RBL-2 H3 cells with the positive cell rate of degranulation as the indicator.An in vivo model was established to validate the experimental results,and mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction and ELISA method were adopted to detect the plasma histamine content,and screen the hypersensitivity caused by safflower yellow for injection at the animal level by using plasma histamine content as a test index. The results of the neutral red staining experiments showed that the positive control C48/80 could cause cell degranulation,and most of the cells were deeply stained. There was significant difference in positive cell rate between different batches of safflower yellow and positive control group. In the mice model for acute anaphylactoid reaction,it was found that the positive control C48/80 significantly increased the histamine content in the plasma of mice,while the safflower yellow in each batch did not cause a significant increase in plasma histamine( P<0. 000 1). The mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction is relatively complicated. This study was mainly based on the release of histamine and other active substances by degranulation of mast cells. No significant degranulation reaction of RBL-2 H3 cells induced by safflower yellow for injection was detected,nor was the plasma histamine level significantly increased in mice from the in vitro and in vivo aspects.
Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Cell Degranulation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chalcone ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Histamine ; blood ; Mast Cells ; drug effects ; Mice

Based on the clinical skill competition of college students of the advanced medical colleges and universities nationwide,we aimed at the analysis on the weaknesses of medical emergency clinical practical teaching and emphasis on the theoretical education and neglect the practical education,and humanistic care,etc.In the clinical practice teaching of emergency,we combined the clinical skill training with physician occupation quality training,pay attention to the practice of advanced simulation exercises,gradual transition,clinical thinking,training medical students hands-on,team cooperation ability and humane accomplishment,to improve their ability of analyzing and solving problems and eventually optimize medical emergency clinical practical teaching,formulate the clinical practice standards as well as promote the reform and innovation of clinical teaching.

Objective:To evaluate the application of PG-SGA,NRS 2002 and BIA in nutritional assessment and screening of patients with gynecologic cancers.Methods:118 patients were randomly selected.Nutritional status were evaluated by PG-SGA,NRS 2002 and BIA,and consistency between each tools were compared.Results:The prevalence of malnutrition or nutritional risk of patients were 64.4％ (PG-SGA),57.6％ (NRS 2002),and 33.9％ (BIA) respectively.In all patients,the consistency of PG-SGA and NRS 2002 was high (P ＜ 0.001),while there were not significantly consistent between BIA and PG-SGA,or between BIA and NRS 2002 (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion:According to the evaluation of PG-SGA or NRS 2002 in gynecologic patients,the prevalence of malnutrition or nutritional risk is high,and these two scales are suitable for nutritional assessment and screening of gynecologic cancer patients,especially in ovarian cancer patients.In addition,BIA may be a promising tool to evaluate cervical cancer patients' nutritional status.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic vagus nerve and pylorus-preserring gastrectomy (LVNPPG) for early gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 5 patients who underwent LVNPPG for early gastric cancer at the Peking University Cancer Hospital between May 2016 and September 2016 were collected.Patients underwent laparoscope-assisted or total laparoscopic vagus nerve (hepatic branch and celiac branch) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy.Observation indicators:(1) surgical situations;(2) postoperative situations;(3) postoperative pathological examination;(4) follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect survival of patients and tumor metastasis and recurrence up to December 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution was represented as average (range).Results (1) Surgical situations:of 5 patients undergoing successful LVNPPG,digestive tract reconstruction using auxiliary incision was conducted in 3 patients and total laparoscopic surgery in 2 patients.Three patients received appliance side-to-side anastomosis and 2 received manual end-to-end anastomosis.Hepatic branch and celiac branch of vagus nerve in 5 patients were preserved.Average operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 220 minutes (range,180-305 minutes) and 108 mL (range,30-216 mL).(2) Postoperative situations:average time to initial bowel exsufflation,average times for fluid diet intake and for semifluid diet intake were 3 days (range,2-4 days),3 days (range,1-5 days)and 10 days (range,5-25 days),respectively.One patient complicated with delayed gastric emptying was improved by conservative treatment.Duration of hospital stay of 5 patients was 13 days (range,7-32 days).(3)Postoperative pathological examination:number of lymph node dissected,average lengths of proximal margin and distal margin were 22 (range,15-35),3.5 cm (range,2.2-5.0 cm) and 3.7 cm (range,2.0-5.5 cm),respectively.Pathological T stage:pT0 stage was detected in 1 patient,pT1a stage in 1 patient,pT1b stage in 2 patients and pT2 stage in 1 patient.Pathological N stage:pN0 stage was detected in 3 patients and pN2 in 2 patients.Pathological TNM stage:0 stage was detected in 1 patient,Ⅰ a stage in 2 patients,Ⅱ a stage in 1 patient and Ⅱb stage in 1 patient.Two patients had stage migration,including from cT1N0 to pT2N2 and from cT0N0 to pTlbN2.(4) Follow-up situations:5 patients were followed up for 2.8-7.0 months,with a median time of 5.6 months.During follow-up,there were no death and occurrence of tumor metastasis and recurrence.Conclusion LVNPPG is safe and feasible for early gastric cancer.

Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of three operating procedures to produce permanent rat models of cerebral ischemia, including mortality, neurological evaluation score, infarction volume of ischemia and time consumed in the operation. Methods The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: The common carotid artery (CCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) were ligated during the operation and ICA was clipped temporarily by artery clamp. Group 2: The CCA and ECA were ligated and the superior thyroid artery and pterygopalatine artery were exposed but not ligated. Silk suture was utilized to hang the internal carotid artery (ICA). Plastic suture was inserted into ICA and stepped over the initiation point of pterygopalatine artery under microscopic observation. Group 3: The CCA and ECA were ligated and ICA was hanged with a silk suture, and the pterygopalatine artery was not exposed, but during the period of inserting plastic suture, the proximal part of the suture was pressed to make the suture's round distal end elevated, and then pass the initial point of pterygopalatine artery. Mortality, neurological score, volume of ischemic infarction and operation time consumed of the three groups were compared after the operation. Results The procedure to prepare the model was most efficient in the group 3, taking only 17.5 min to complete, significantly less than that in the group 1 (50 min) and group 2 (40 min), (P<0.05), and with a lower mortality and more steady neurological evaluation score and infarction volume. Conclusion The use of the third operating method can shorten the operation time and improve the efficacy of operation. Using this method, more consistent and repetitive focal cerebral ischemia models can be produced effectively, and meet the demands of clinical trials.

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on myocardial injury in rats with sepsis.Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups:sham operation group (Sham group,n=10),sepsis group (sepsis group,n=10) and ulinastatin group (UTI group,n=10).The sepsis model of the rats was subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Rats of UTI group were given 200 000 U/kg ulinastatin at 6 hour after modeling,and dosing was repeated every 12 h.Blood samples were collected from inferior vena cava at 6,12,24,36 h after modeling for determination of cardiac troponin-Ⅰ (cTnI) and the inflammatory factor by ELISA,then the rats were sacrificed and hearts were removed for myocardial tissue stained with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining,the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 protein level and myocardial cell apoptosis were detected by TUNEL.The level of caspase-3 protein in myocardial tissue was detected by Western-blot.Results The level of cTnI (ng/mL) in serum in UTI group at 6,12,24 and 36 h after modeling were significantly lower compared with sepsis group(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 (ng/mL) in group UTI were higher than those in Sham group,but was significantly lower than those in Sepsis group (P＜0.05).HE staining showed that inflammatory cell infiltration present in myocardial cells,edema and vacuole formation were observed in sepsis group,while those were significantly attenuated in UTI group compared with sepsis group.UTI increased the level of myocardial Bcl-2 protein in the rats (P＜0.05),and reduced the level of myocardial Bax protein (P＜0.05).TUNEL and HE staining showed apoptosis cells in UTI group was significantly reduced compared with sepsis group [(32.2±4.8)％ vs.(58.4±5.6)％,P＜0.05];Western-blot method showed the level of Caspase-3 protein in UTI group was higher than that in group sham (0.32±0.048) vs.(0.12±0.03),P＜0.05],but significantly lower than that of Sepsis group [(0.32±0.048) vs.(0.55±0.052),P＜0.05].Conclusions Ulinastatin can reduce proinflammatory mediators release in the blood of sepsis rats,and inhibit the apoptosis of myocardial cells protecting myocardial cells through the regulation of the Caspase-3 pathway during sepsis.