Objective To study the relationship of placental expression of leptin and disease development in patients with pre-eclampsia.Methods The placental expression of leptin gene was determined in gestational hypertension(10 cases),mild pre-eclampsia(10 cases),Severe pre-eclampsia(10cases)and normal pregnant women(15 cases,control group)by reverse txanscription/polymerase chain reaction(RT/PCR).Meanwhile,24 hour urine protein and mean arterial blood pressure(MAP)were detected in patients with pre-eclampsia.Results The expression of leptin mRNA in placenta were significantly higher in severe and mild pre-eclarnpsia than that in normal pregnant women(0.507 ±0.036,0.476±0.023vs 0.441 ±0.030)(P＜0.01),meanwhile,in the severe pre-eclampsia was higher than that in the mild preeclampsia(P＜0.05).The difference was not significant between the gestafional hypertension(0.463±0.024)and the normal pregnant women(P＞0.05).There was a positive correlation between the placental leptin mRNA expression levels in pre-eclampsia and the 24 hour urine protein and MAP (P＜0.05).Conclusions The placental leptin mRNA expression levels in pre-eclampsia increase.The pre-eclampsia women placental hptin mRNA expression levels correlate with pathogenetie condition.The placental leptin mRNA expression levels in pre-eclampsia correlate,with disease development.

Objective To study treatment method that improve the cronic perapical periodonitis. Methods To fill the tooth channal of chronic perapical periodonitis with a paste of doxycycline and tinidazol, or gutta percha point. Results Among 206 cases of teeth those succeesful rates of two methods were 97.09 % and 98.06 % after 2 years clinical observe. Conclusion To fill the tooth channal of cronic perapical periodonitis with a paste of doxycycline and tinidazol to treat the chronic perapical periodonitis,it shortens the treatment,simplifies operation,makes application more extensive and its nearly period effect is the same as that of using gutta percha point to fill the tooth.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems. DATA SOURCES:An online search of Elselvier,ACS publications and Springerlink between January 1990 and January 2006 was undertaken by using the keywords of "polyaspart*,hydrogels,micelles,complexes" to identify the relevant articles published in English.Meanwhile,Chinese journals full-text database were scanned with computer to search relevant articles published from January 1995 to October 2005,and the keywords were"asparmide,complexes,hydrogels,release" with language limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION:All the related data were analyzed to select those were aimed directly at the criteria.As for the arti cles in the same field,those published recently or published in the authority journals were preferred. DATA EXTRACTION:A total of 56 articles about the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems were collected, and 29 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS:Polyaspartate derivatives are new biodegradable and biocompatible materials.Covalent complexes, hydrogels and micelles,three main drug delivery systems of polyaspartate derivatives,exhibit good biocompatibility and conspicuous effect of control-release.CONCLUSION:With the help of the short synthesis route,simple manipulation,high production rate, the excellent biocompatibility as well as the better hydrophile,the polyaspartate derivatives are prone to reacting with other compounds for the modification.It is noted that the controllability of the control-release systems will be well improved through the researches of the influence factors of the degrading velocity and the new modifying method,additionally,the polyaspartate derivatives will be applied in the drug delivery field widely.

Objective To investigate the long-term effect of inflammation on behavior,microglias and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra of intracephalic inflammation rat models induced by intracerebroventricular injection of low-dose(10μg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS).To analyze the relationship between activation of microglias and DA neurons degeneration in order to explore the mechanism of inflammation in the progressive process of Parkinson' s disease (PD).Methods 50 healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into saline-injected control group and 10μg LPS-injected group.All injections were made intracerebroventricularly on right side of rats with saline or LPS.Moving speed was measured at different time points.At 24 weeks and 40 weeks after saline or LPS injection,specific antibodies of OX-42 and OX-6 were used separately to detect the changes of microglia in the substantia nigra of rat.The changes in morphology and numbers of substantia nigra DA neurons were observed by tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) immunohistochemical staining.The expression and distribution of the degenerated neurons in substantia nigra were detected by using Fluoro-Jade B(FJB).Results ①Analysis of moving speed sho wed that the moving speed of 10μg LPS-injected group rats and saline-injected group rats was similar from 4 weeks to 36 weeks after injection.At 40 weeks post injection,moving speed of 10μg LPS-injected group rats decreased by 24.6％ compared with that of saline-injected group rats (P＞ 0.05 ).②At 24 weeks and 40 weeks after injection,there were many activated OX-42 positive microglias in the substantia nigra of 10μg LPS-injected group rats,but there was almost no significant activated OX-42 positive microglia in saline-injected group.OX-6 positive microglias were not found in the substantia nigra of both of two groups.③At 24 weeks and 40 weeks post injection,the number of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of 10μg LPS-injected group rats decreasedby 24.2％ ( t=4.803,P＜0.01) and 27.6％ ( t=3.212,P＜0.01) respectively compared with those of salineinjected group.④ There was no FJB positive neurons in the substantia nigra of the two group rats.Conclusion Intraventricular injection of low-dose LPS ( l0μg) in rats may induce long-term activation of microglias and chronic degeneration of DA neurons in the subs tantia nigra of rats although the necrosis are not occurs to DA neurons till 40 weeks post LPS injection.Intraventricular injection of low-dose LPS in rats could be ideal model to study the mechanism of chronic degeneration of DA neurons in PD.

Objective To understand psychiatry hospital nurse' s self-compassion situation, explore the influencing factors, for nursing managers to know about the clinical nurses psychological health and to provide a reference data of intervention to improve the level of self-compassion. Methods A total of 381 clinical nurses from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital) completed the survey using the questionnaire including the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and general information questionnaire. The influence factors were analyzed by chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The total score of SCS was (85.43 ± 10.23) points in 381 clinical nurses with the medium level, which was less than that of other nurse group (109.21±9.76) points, and there was significant difference(t=-45.388, P < 0.01).The Logistic regression analysis showed that female and working in the psychiatric ward were the risk factors of self compassion(OR=1.772, 1.995, P<0.05 or 0.01). While on the night shift was the protective factor(OR=0.536, P < 0.01). Conclusions Psychiatric hospital nurse' s self-compassion is at medium level. When the nurses cope with the negative events may lack adjustment method. Nursing managers should pay attention to train the ability of the nurse individual self-compassion, targeted to carry out active intervention measures.

AIM: To determine the effect of electrical stimulation of lateral hypothalamic area(LHA) on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury(GI-RI) in rats and to analyse its possible neuroregulatory mechanisms. METHODS: The methods of electrical stimulation(ES), chemical stimulation, electrolytic lesion(EL) and denervation were used to investigate the effect of LHA ES on gastric mucosal injury in rats subjected to 30 min gastric ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion and to analyse the role of dorsal vagal complex(DVC), vagus and sympathetic nerve in this effect. RESULTS: ①Electrical stimulation of LHA and microinjection of L-glutamic acid into LHA obviously aggravated GI-RI; ②Electrolytic lesion of the LHA attenuated the GI-RI;③DVC lesion eliminated the effect of electrical stimulation of LHA on GI-RI; ④Vagotomy or sympathectomy eliminated the effect of electrical stimulation of LHA on GI-RI too.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the LHA is a specific area in the CNS for exerting aggravative effects on the GI-RI; the DVC, vagus and sympathetic nerve may be involved in regulatory effects of LHA on GI-RI.

Objective To investigate the role of asctrocytes in the process of chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in intracephalic inflammation rat model induced by intracerebroventricularly injection of lipopolysaccharide.Methods Sixty healthy male SD rats were assigned into lipopolysaccharide group or saline control group randomly.All injections were made intracerebroventricularly on right side of the rats.Ethovison software was used to measure the movement distance of rats within 30 minutes.Specific antibody for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) was used in immunohistochemistry stain to detect the changes of asctrocytes in the substantia nigra of rats.Results Movement distance of lipopolysaccharide-injected rats decreased by 21.2% compared with saline-injected rats at 16 weeks after injection (t=2.54,P<0.05)by 27.0% (t=3.55,P<0.01) at 24 weeks and by 31.4% (t=3.91,P<0.01) at 28 weeks after lipopolysaccharide injection.The asctrocytes were activated obviously in the substantia nigra of lipopolysaccharide-injected group at 2 weeks,while the numbers of GFAP-positively stained cells (228.60 + 22.35) increased significantly compared with saline-injected group ( 165.20 ± 25.97) (t = 4.14,P< 0.05).The activation of asctrocytes was not found in lipopolysaccharide-injected group at 4 weeks and 12 weeks.The asctrocytes were re-activated in the substantia nigra of lipopolysaccharide-injected group at 24 weeks,while the numbers of GFAP-positively stained cells (220.00±21.01 ) increased significantly compared with saline-injected group (169.00± 19.00) (t= 4.03,P<0.05).The activation of asctrocytes was not seen at any time point in saline-injected group.Conclusions Intracephalic inflammation induces chronic degeneration of substantia nigral dopaminergic neurons in rats.The asctrocytes exhibite "acute activation-quiescing-reactivation" state,indicating that they might be involved in the mechanism of dopaminergic neurons degeneration.

Objective To study the clinical effective durations of a medical injected collagenous products, a high-purity medical injectable collagen filling agents extracted from bovine leather (Fumeida Produced by Changchun Botai Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co, Ltd). Methods 30 subjects (60 sides) with moderate to severe nasolabial fold wrinkles were selected to perform a clinical observation, in which 49 sides with moderate and 11 sides with severe labial fold wrinkles, and the average age of subjects were (41. 80 ± 8. 03) years. 1 ml of medical collagen was injected into the subjects wrinkle on each side by surgeons. The follow-up was made immediately, 7, 30, 90, 150 and 360 days after injection. The photograph was taken, and the image data and the validity were analyzed. Results The follow-up rate of immediate to 150 days after injection was 100 %, and 93. 3 % after 350 days. At the each follow-up points, the total effective rates were as follows: 100. 0 %, 100. 0 % , 96. 7 %, 90. 0 %, 83. 3 % and 44. 6 % .respectively. There were dry lips with herpes simplex in two cases of subjects at 7 d and 90 d after injection, no redness, induration, exudate, ulceration or other abnormal performance on collagen injection zone in the other subjects at each follow-up time point. Conclusion In this study, there is the longer clinical effective duration of injected collagen used in filling wrinkles with satisfactory results.

AIM and METHODS: To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of ventlal septal area (VSA) on discharge of pyrogen - treated thermosensitive neurons in preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH) region, the discharging rate of thermosensitive neurons in the POAH region of 32 New Zealand white rabbits were recorded by using extracellular microelectrode techinque. RESULTS: (1) Intraceretroventricularly (i c v) injection of interleukin - 1?(IL - 1?) caused decrease of discharging rate of warm - sensitive neurons and increased in discharging rate of cold - sensitive neurons in POAH regions. (2) These effects could be reversed by electrical stimulation of VSA. CONCLUSION: VSA may play a central role of negative regulation in thermoregulation of pyrogen - treated animal.

AIM: To investigate the role of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the regulation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) AVP-ergic neurons on gastric ischemia- reperfusion injury (GI-RI). METHODS: Male SD rats were used in experiments. The celiac artery were clamped for 30 min and reperfused 1 h by removal of the clamp to obtain the ischemia-reperfusion state. The mechanism was analysed with nucleus electrical stimulation, electrolytic lesion and nucleus microinjection technique. RESULTS: Microinjection of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) into PVN obviously attenuated the GI-RI and dose-dependent effects were observed ( r= -0.477, P