Objective The genotoxicty and its molecular mechanism of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were discussed through the oxidative DNA damage induced by environmental tobacco side_stream smoke(ETSS). Methods DNA adduct 8_hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8_OHdG) was used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. The level of 8_OHdG in DNA exposed to ETSS was detected by HPLC_EC.On the molecular biological level,the biological oxidative ability of ETSS on DNA molecule was studied.Organic and inorganic components in ETSS were analyzed by GC_MS and AAS respectively. Results Particles and VOCs in ETSS could directly induce oxidative DNA damage and form 8_OHdG.It was found that there were 123 and 84 kinds of organic compounds in particles and volatile organic compounds of tobacco smoke side stream,and 7 kinds of inorganic compounds in ETSS.Some components especially quinones and polyphenols in ETS,could produce free radicals in vitro by the auto_oxidation without any biological activity systems,and with the catalytic reaction of metals,the DNA aduct 8_OHdG was produced. Conclusion It was proved that ETS had biological oxidative ability on DNA and expressed direct genotoxicity.8_OHdG was a fine biomarker of effect of oxidative DNA damage.

Objective To investigate bone strength in adults,and explore its influencing factors. Methods One hundred and ninety-one adults undergoing health examinations were selected.The questionnaires about milk intake and exercise conditions were performed,the body weight,fat mass,body mass index(BMI)and calcaneal bone strength were measured,and the relationship between each parameter and bone strength was analysed. Results Bone suength decreased with age increase,and was higher in males than that in females.Bone strength of overweight to obese adults was higher than that with normal body weight(P<0.05).Bone strength of adults with high milk intake was higher than that of those with low milk intake(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that age was negatively related to bone strength,females were more susceptible to bone strength decrease,and BMI and milk intake were positively related to bone strength. Conclusion Gender,age,BMI and milk intake are main influencing factors for bone strength.Bone strength decreases with age increase,and increase of BMI and milk intake will benefit bone strength,especially for females.

Objective To investigated the value of intraoperative ultrasonography in guiding the surgical approach,improving the total resection rate of the tumor,and the survival time of patients who underwent resection of cerebral gliomas.Methods One hundred and ninteen patients with cerebral gliomas (pathologically confirmed) comprised the study groups.Patients who underwent intraoperative ultrasoundguided surgery were followed up for 6-60 months.In addition,randomly selected low and high grade cerebral glioma patients (all 30 cases of which were without intraoperative ultrasonography guidance) served as the control groups.Follow up included survival time,and the differences in survival time between the study groups and control groups were statistically analyzed.Results Complete follow-up data were obtained for 101 of 119 cases (84.9％) for a follow-up time of 6 60 months.Total removal of the lesion was achieved in 68 cases (67.3％) and subtotal removal in 33 cases (32.7 ％).Sixty-five cases had partial recurrence (64.4％) and 60 patients died due to tumor recurrence.Survival in patients with low grade gliomas (LGG) was significantly higher than that in patients with high grade gliomas (HGG).Patients with total tumor resection had a longer survival time than patients who had subtotal tumor resection.In the control LGG group,6-month survival was 96.7％,1-year survival was 73.3％,2-year survival was 53.3％,4-year survival was 36.7％ and 5-year survival was 26.7％.In the control HGG group,survival at 6 months,1 year,2 years,4 year and 5 years was 83.3％,36.7％,13.3％,3％,0 respectively.When comparing survival between the control groups and study groups,there was no significant difference at 6 months (P ＞0.05),but survival at 1 year,2 years,4 year and 5 years was different (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Intraoperative ultrasonography-guided resection of cerebral gliomas helps the surgeon to understand the relationship between the lesion and the surrounding structures,helps to protect normal brain tissue and increase the safety of surgery.It is of value in improving the total resection rate of tumors and the patient's survival time.

Objective To investigate the value of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in evaluating pathological grades of cerebral gliomas. Methods Intraoperative CEUS was performed in 33 patients of cerebral gliomas of different pathological grades. Real-time blood perfusion and enhance characteristics of these tumors were observed,quantitative parameters from the automatically derived time-intensity curve (TIC) were obtained, and compared with the tumor microvessel density (MVD) by immunostaining with anti-CD34. Results The time to peak was significantly shorter and the MVD was significantly higher in the high grade cerebral gliomas compared with the low grade ones ( P <0. 05). The time to peak was negatively correlated with the MVD by immunostaining (r = -0.79, P < 0. 05). Conclusions Intraoperative CEUS could be used to observe microvascular perfusion in real-time, and could indirectly reflect the information of MVD in cerebral gliomas, which is of help to grade cerebral gliomas and guide surgical resections.

The pathogenesis of endometriosis is not well understood at the moment, and the lack of effective biomarkers often leads to delayed diagnosis of the disease. Lipidomics provides a new approach for the diagnosis and prediction of endometriosis. Sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine in peripheral blood, endometrial fluid, peritoneal fluid and follicular fluid have good diagnostic value for endometriosis and disease classification; the lipid metabolites in the eutopic endometrium tissue are expected to be biomarkers of early endometriosis; and the lipid metabolites in peripheral blood are also of great value for predicting endometriosis-related infertility. The development of lipidomics technique will further advance the progress on the pathogenesis, prediction, diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.
Biomarkers/blood* ; Blood Chemical Analysis/trends* ; Body Fluids/chemistry* ; Endometriosis/diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lipidomics/trends*

Brain ; Head

The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In a process known as 'seeding', prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta, microtubule-associated protein tau, α-synuclein, silence superoxide dismutase 1, or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa, propagate their misfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into fibrils. Cellular and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs, the clinical relevance of their 'seeding' capacities, and their levels of contribution towards disease progression have been intensively studied over recent years. This review unpacks the cyclic prion-like propagation in cells including factors of aggregate internalization, endo-lysosomal leaking, aggregate degradation, and secretion. Debates on the importance of the role of prion-like protein aggregates in NDs, whether causal or consequent, are also discussed. Applications lead to a greater understanding of ND pathogenesis and increased potential for therapeutic strategies.
Humans ; Prions ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Alzheimer Disease ; alpha-Synuclein ; tau Proteins ; Parkinson Disease